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Topic: Caliph

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Islamic caliphate

Caliph

Umayyad

Ibrahim of Ummayyad

Yazid III

Walid II

Abbasid

Abu Bakr

Four Righteously Guided Caliphs

Marwan I

Ali Ibn Abi Talib

Cordova

Yazid II

Al Quaida

Ali ibn Abu Talib

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	www.thelilcaliph.com (27 words)

	caliphate — FactMonster.com
		The caliph had temporal and spiritual authority but was not permitted prophetic power; this was reserved for Muhammad.
		This later became the caliphate of Córdoba, or the Western caliphate, and persisted until 1031.
		Caliph - Caliph or Calif. A title given to the successors of Mahomet.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0809901.html (318 words)

	Caliph - Mw
		The Caliphate is not an Empire and the Caliph is not an Emperor
		This is not the case as the Caliph is not a priest.
		The Caliphate is not a theocracy since its legislation is not restricted to religious and moral codes that neglect the problems of society.
	muslimwikipedia.com /mw/index.php/Caliph (1322 words)

	Caliph - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Caliph is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam.
		Conflict between caliph and ulema was a recurring theme in early Islamic history, and ended in the victory of the ulema.
		But by 940 the power of the caliphate under the Abbasids was waning as non-Arabs, particularly the Turkish (and later the Mamluks in Egypt in the latter half of the 13th century), gained influence, and sultans and emirs became increasingly independent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caliph (3029 words)

	Caliph of Cordoba: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		All Caliphs of Cordoba were members of the Ummayad dynasty; the same dynasty had held the title Emir of Cordoba and ruled over roughly the same territory since 756[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject].
		The fatimid or fatimid caliphate is the ismaili shiite dynasty that ruled north africa from a.d....
		Al-hakam ii was caliph of cordoba, in al-andalus, and son of abd-ar-rahman iii (al-nasir)....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/caliph_of_cordoba.htm (1495 words)

	caliphate. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		This later became the caliphate of Córdoba, or the Western caliphate, and persisted until 1031.
		A third competing contemporaneous caliphate was established by the Fatimids in Africa, Syria, and Egypt (909–1171).
		He was succeeded briefly by a cousin, but in 1924 the caliphate was abolished by Ataturk.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ca/caliphat.html (379 words)

	Caliphs - All About Turkey
		Caliph was the person acting in Muhammad's place after his death, i.e.
		This time, the caliphate of Ali, came with the two schismas that has impregnated Islam ever since, when first there was a break between the majority and a group now known as Kharijis, and later between the group now known as Shi'is and the Sunnis.
		In the 18th century the importance of being Caliph had grown stronger for the Ottoman Sultan, and started to call himself the protector of the Muslim religion.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /halife.htm (1103 words)

	Caliph Umar's son marry a milkmaid
		Then before the gathering, Caliph Umar related how he had overheard the mother and the daughter, and how in spite of the exhortations of the mother the daughter had kept her resolve.
		The Caliph said that ordinarily he would have punished the mother, but he had forgiven her for the sake of her daughter.
		Thereupon with the consent of the milkmaid and her mother Asim was married to the girl, and milkmaid became the daughter-in-law of the Caliph.
	www.tamilislam.com /english/human_rights/caliph_umar_son.htm (818 words)

	Caliph
		Through history, there have been parallell Caliphs, but none had as much symbolic power and influence as the one that followed the line of Caliphs from Abu Bakr, who was the first.
		The Abbasids were to a large extent Shi'is (the lines of division in use today were not as clear in those early days) and the defeat of the Umayyads was strongly motivated by Ali's claim to the leading position in the Muslim world.
		When the Ottomans conquered Egypt in 1517, the Caliph of Cairo was reinstalled in Constantinople.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/caliph.htm (1099 words)

	Caliph - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		After the first four caliphs (Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib) the title was claimed by the Umayyads, the Abbasids, and the Ottomans, as well as by other, competing lineages in Spain, Northern Africa, and Egypt.
		But by 940 the power of the caliphate under the Abassids was waning as non-Arabs, particularly the Turkish (and later the Mamluks in Egypt in the latter half of the 13th century), gained influence, and sultans and emirs became increasingly independent.
		A last attempt at restoring the caliphal office and style with ecumenical recognition was made by al-Husayn ibn `Ali al-Hashimi, King of al-Hijaz, who assumed both 11 Mar 1924 and held them until his passing the kingship to his son `Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Hashimi, who did not adopt the khalifal office and style.
	www.voyager.in /Caliphate (3283 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A caliphate is the Islamic empire ruled by a caliph.
		There were then 14 Umayyad caliphs and 38 'Abbasid caliphs, whose dynasty fell to the Mongols in 1258.
		There were titular caliphs from 1258-1517, when the last caliph was captured by the Ottoman sultan Selim I. The Ottoman sultans then claimed the title and used it until it was abolished by the Turkish Republic in 1924.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=caliph (107 words)

	The story of Caliph Stork
		The Caliph, being in an affable state of mind, summoned the peddler, who, delighted with the opportunity, displayed all the treasures of his pack.
		The Caliph immediately decided that he wanted this strange scroll, and the peddler was persuaded to part with it for a trifle.
		The Caliph and the Vizier watched her, until she stood on one foot and spread her wings; then they both, at the same time, burst into such peals of laughter that the two storks flew away.
	fairytales4u.com /story/caliph.htm (1966 words)

	caliphate - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		In principle, Islam is theocratic: when Muhammad died, a caliph [Arab.,=successor] was chosen to rule in his place.
		A third competing contemporaneous caliphate was established by the Fatimids in Africa, Syria, and Egypt (909-1171).
		He was succeeded briefly by a cousin, but in 1924 the caliphate was abolished by Kemal Atatürk.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc.aspx?id=1E1:caliphat (828 words)

	Caliph Stork
		The caliph and his vizier inspected everything, and the caliph chose some handsome pistols for himself and Mansor, and a jeweled comb for the vizier's wife.
		The caliph, however, under whose stork's breast a brave heart beat, tore himself away with the loss of a few feathers and hurried down a dark passage.
		The caliph was so enchanted by her grace and beauty that he declared being a stork had been the best piece of luck ever to befall him.
	www.rickwalton.com /folktale/green03.htm (3350 words)

	Caliphate : Caliph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Successor of the Prophet or Khalīfa, Caliph in its most common English spelling, was the title taken by Abu Bakr, the father-in-law of Muhammad, when he succeeded him as leader of the Ummah or community of Islam in 632.
		The title has the implication of ruler of all the Islamic world, although this was a rather dubious claim in the case of some later rulers who were sometimes styled "Caliph", such as the Ottoman Emperors who are more accurately called Sultans.
		In the 19th Century, the Ottoman Sultans began to claim the title of Caliph, saying that it had been passed from the last Abbasid to Sultan Selim I, although there is no evidence of this.
	www.wordlookup.net /ca/caliph.html (427 words)

	Caliph - LoveToKnow 1911
		Abu Bekr and his three (or four) immediate successors are known as the "perfect" caliphs; after them the title was borne by the thirteen Omayyad caliphs of Damascus, and subsequently by the thirty-seven Abbasid caliphs of Bagdad whose dynasty fell before the Turks in 1258.
		By some rigid Moslems these rulers were regarded as only amirs, not caliphs.
		According to the Shiite Moslems, who call the office the "imamate" or leadership, no caliph is legitimate unless he is a lineal descendant of the Prophet.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Caliph (149 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Caliph
		The caliph had temporal and spiritual authority but was not permitted prophetic power; this...
		The Abbasids held the caliphate from 749 to 1258, but they were recognized neither in Spain nor (after 787) W of Egypt.
		The true caliph of the Arabian Nights: Hugh Kennedy examines the life of one of the most powerful men in the world in the eighth century.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Caliph (766 words)

	Caliph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Caliph also enforced the laws of the state, but the laws were not largely made by him but rather derived mostly by others from religious principles and texts acting as a modern constitution.
		Hasan is often cited as the fifth caliph in many classical sources, for example the writings of Suyuti, however in reality he didn't rule as the actual caliph.
		As to the Chronology of Caliphs; It is mentioned in the text that the institution of Caliphate may be rectivated.
	www.infothis.com /discuss/Caliph (1961 words)

	USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts
		As successor to the Prophet, the Caliph was the head of the Muslim community and his primary responsibility was to continue in the path of the Prophet.
		After these four, the later Caliphs assumed the manners of kings and emperors and the true spirit of equality of ruler and ruled diminished to a considerable extent in the political life of Muslims.
		However, even though the era of Ali's caliphate was marred by civil strife, he nevertheless introduced a number of reforms, particularly in the levying and collecting of revenues.
	www.usc.edu /dept/MSA/politics/firstfourcaliphs.html (5344 words)

	Islamic History in Arabia and Middle East (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Khalifah- anglicized as caliph - is a word meaning "successor" but also suggesting what his historical role would be: to govern according to the Quran and the practice of the Prophet.
		And while Sunnis consider the caliph a guardian of the shari'ah, the religious law, the Shi'is see the imam as a trustee inheriting and interpreting the Prophet's spiritual knowledge.
		His son Hasan was proclaimed caliph at Kufa but soon afterward deferred to Muiawiyah, who had already been proclaimed caliph in Jerusalem in the previous year and who now was recognized and accepted as caliph in all the Muslim territories - thus inaugurating the Umayyad dynasty which would rule for the next ninety years.
	www.islamicity.com /Mosque/ihame/Sec3.htm (1418 words)

	Omar Caliph: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		Reinterpreting Islamic Historiography: Harun Al-Rashid and the Narrative of the Abbasid Caliphate
		He shows the tension between tribal spirit (asabiyah) and Islam and how Islam, especially under the Caliph Omar was quite successful in aligning the tribal spirit with the spirit of Islam (a larger asabiyah).
		The Party of the Martyrs: The Shia Branch of Islam Was Born in Violent Death and Has Suffered from Centuries of Persecution.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/omar-caliph.jsp?l=O&p=1 (1447 words)

	Definition of caliph - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		Etymology: Middle English caliphe, from Middle French calife, from Arabic khalIfa successor
		Find more about "caliph" instantly with Live Search
		See a map of "caliph" in the Visual Thesaurus
	www.m-w.com /dictionary/caliph (55 words)

	The Great March: 23. A Gift to the Caliph
		Hasdai, dressed in expensive silks, a turban on his head, sat in the court of the Caliph.
		The Caliph ordered all the physicians and great men of the court to come in.
		When the translator arrived, the Caliph again held court for the physicians and the wise men.
	www.sacred-texts.com /jud/tgm/tgm26.htm (668 words)

	Caliph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Caliph is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Caliph: (from Arabic khaleefa, "successor" to the Prophet Muhammad) Supreme Arab religious and temporal leader of Islam from 632 to 1258 according to Sunni doctrine.
		It is generally believed that the standard text of the Koran, adopted during the reign of the caliph Uthman (644-56), is based on the compilation of one of Muhammad's secretaries, Zayd Ibn Thalbit.
	www.globaloneness.com /caliph (1224 words)

	From the Caliphs in Medina to the Ummayads Dynasty in Damascus
		From the Caliphs in Medina to the Ummayads Dynasty in Damascus
		The Caliph Omar Ibn El-Khattab succeeded Abu Bakr in Medina.
		Muawieyah Ibn Abi Sufyan (the founder of the the Umayyads dynasty) was Caliph in Damascus.
	www.islamicart.com /library/history/caliphs.html (137 words)

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