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Topic: Callippic cycle

	Eclipse cycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		This orbital period is called the anomalistic month, and together with the synodic month causes the so-called "full moon cycle" of about 14 lunations in the timings and appearances of Full (and New) Moons.
		An eclipse cycle will have to be close to an integer number of anomalistic months for predicting eclipses well.
		It is equal to four Callippic cycles minus one day, and equals 3760 lunations to within 15.5 min.
	hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Callippic_cycle (1632 words)

	MSN Encarta - Chronology
		Chaldean astronomers discovered the cycle that modern astronomers call the Saros, consisting of a period of 223 lunations or lunar months (totalling slightly more than 18 years), that is still important in the calculation of eclipses.
		The Egyptian year began with the rising of the star Sirius, but, as their civil year contained exactly 365 days, the Egyptians were compelled to use the so-called Sothic cycle, a period of about 1,460 years from one time when the civil year coincided with the astronomical one, to the next.
		The era of the Olympiads of the Greeks was reckoned from July 1, 776 bc, and Greek astronomers introduced the Metonic cycle of 235 lunations (almost exactly 19 years) and also the Callippic cycle of 940 lunations (closer to 76 years).
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761576361_2/Chronology.html (1006 words)

	CALLIPPIC PERIOD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Callippic Period The correction of the Metonic cycle by Callippos.
		In four cycles, or seventy-six years, the Metonic calculation was seven and a-half in excess.
		Callippos proposed to quadruple the period of Meton, and deduct a day at the end of it: at the expiration of which period Callippos imagined that the new and full moons returned to the same day of the solar year.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /Ca/Callippic_Period.html (198 words)

	Calendar History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The cycle of indiction was a fiscal, not an astronomical period.
		The mahzor qatan is akin to the Metonic cycle, a 19-year cycle proposed by the Athenian astronomer Meton in about 432 BC in which seven months were intercalated, and is based on the nearly correct notion that 235 lunar months are equal to 19 solar years.
		This cycle occupied a period of 6,939.75 days, whereas it should have lasted for 6,939.9 days; and although the difference is small, it does amount to one day in a little over 307 years, so that after this period, New Moons occur one day earlier than indicated.
	users.skynet.be /sky60754/genealbe/hulpwetkalhist.htm (11365 words)

	ECLIPSE CYCLE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		;Metonic cycle or Enneadecaeteris: This is nearly equal to 19 tropical_years, but is also 5 "octon" periods and close to 20 eclipse years: so it yields a short series of eclipses on the same calendar date.
		So the next eclipse will be visible from a location close to the first one; in contrast to the saros, when the eclipse occurs ''ca.'' 8h later on the day and about 120° West of the first one.
		;Callippic cycle: 441 hollow months and 499 full months; thus 4 Metonic Cycles minus one day or precisely 76 years of 365 1/4 days.
	www.witwib.com /eclipse_cycle (1517 words)

	Appendix: Scaliger's List of Eras
		He considers that its date perhaps derived from the desire to begin a full 19-year cycle after the start of Callippic cycle 1, and its position in the year was established «propter epocham aequinoctii» (Elul is the sixth month from Nisan, and thus falls around the autumnal equinox).
		The temple was purified on 25 Kislev in 148 of the Seleucid era of the Jews (149 of the official era), in lunar cycle ix.
		To find the lunar cycle of a year in Augustus' life one adds 14 to it, since he was born in the consulate of Cicero and Mark Antony, 18 years before 1 Julian = lunar cycle xiv.
	hbar.phys.msu.su /test/fomenko/scalera.htm (6441 words)

	* Metonic Cycle - (Astronomy): Definition
		by introducing a unit of time called the Callippic cycle (it was an improvement on the Metonic cycle of 6939.6 days or 19 solar years or 235 lunar months; the Callippic cycle was 4 Metonic cycles)...
		Since the phases of the Moon usually repeat themselves on the same dates every nineteen years (the Metonic cycle), expect another double Blue Moon for the year 2018...
		This period, called the Metonic cycle, was discovered by the Greek astronomer Meton in 433 B.C. It is...
	en.mimi.hu /astronomy/metonic_cycle.html (187 words)

	Callippus
		Callippus made accurate determinations of the lengths of the seasons and constructed a 76 year cycle to harmonise the solar and lunar years which was adopted in 330 BC and used by all later astronomers.
		It was more accurate than the original Metonic cycle and made use of the fact that 365.25 days is a more precise value for the tropical year than 365 days.
		The Callippic period consisted of 4 X 235, or 940 lunar months, but its distribution of hollow and full months was different from Meton's.
	sfabel.tripod.com /mathematik/database/Callippus.html (407 words)

	Metonic Cycle
		The Metonic Cycle is a period of about 6939.6 days, the approximate length of both 235 consecutive lunations and 19 solar years.
		The cycle was perhaps first used to determine frequency of intercalation of a thirteenth month in the Greek Calendar, which consisted of 12 lunar months (a total of 354 days)
		The Metonic cycle was improved by Hipparchus and Callipus of Cyzius (c.
	www.12x30.net /metonic.html (419 words)

	Matrix Astrology Software : Learn Astrology - Astro Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		From the 6th century BC onwards, a number of cycles were successively devised by the Greek astronomers as a basis for regulating the lunar calendar by fixed rules instead of by arbitrary intercalation.
		Among these, the Metonic and Callippic cycles came to be used by astronomers for dating observations, and appear to have been used over a period of several centuries extending into the Middle Ages to establish the dates of New Moon for purposes of religious calendars.
		In the Metonic cycle, 19 years were equated to 235 months and to 6940 days; in the Callippic cycle, 76 years were equated to 940 lunations and to 27759 days, one day less than 4 Metonic cycles.
	www.thenewage.com /cg/x.dll?p=na2&sql=E3&name=Greek\|Calendar (195 words)

	Inex [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Of course the Sun is also near a node at that time: the same node in case of a solar eclipse, the opposite node in case of a lunar eclipse.
		The traditional concept arose with the cycle of moon phases; such months are synodic months and last ~29.53 days.
		Not a very remarkable eclipse cycle, but HipparchosHipparchus (Greek Ἳππαρχος) (circa 190 BC – circa 120 BC) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician.
	www.wikimirror.com /Inex (2626 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Chronology
		Such a coincidence occurred about ad 140, but it is uncertain whether the first cycle started about 2780 or 4240 bc.
		The beginnings of the cycles used in antiquity coincided at that time, and the date was sufficiently remote to furnish a reference point to which all other chronological systems might be compared.
		The Julian cycle contains 7,980 years of 365 days, but astronomical computation is seldom by years, and the days are numbered consecutively.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761576361___5/Chronology.html (1005 words)

	tide glossary
		The period of the constituent is the time required for the phase to change through 360° and is the cycle of the astronomical condition represented by the constituent.
		Tidal currents are caused by gravitational interactions between the Sun, Moon, and Earth and are part of the same general movement of the sea that is manifested in the vertical rise and fall, called tide.
		The cycle is completed in one-half tidal day or in a whole tidal day, according to whether the tidal current is of the semidiurnal or the diurnal type.
	www.yachting-life.com /tides/glossary/C.htm (2345 words)

	Aerospace Science and Technonlogy Dictionary M Section
		Keeping a substance cooled to about 0.2 K by using a working substance (paramagnetic salt) in a cycle of processes between a high-temperature reservoir (liquid helium) at 1.2 K and a low temperature reservoir containing the substance to be cooled.
		A periodic variation of the earth's magnetic field that is in phase with the transit of the moon.
		For any given cycle of a periodic wave, the maximum absolute value of the instantaneous sound pressure, without regard to sign, occurring during that cycle.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/hqlibrary/aerospacedictionary/aerodictall/m.html (10699 words)

	Egyptian to Julian conversion: Julian synchronisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ingham, JEA 55 (1969) 36, noted that the astronomical Sothic cycle is actually slightly different from the cycle of 1460 Julian years assumed by ancient authors, and the cycle ending c.
		stronomers 89, noted that an eclipse cycle of 23 eclipses in 135 synodic months was known in Babylon, and suggests that this papyrus may have been intended to cover one complete cycle of this type, though he also allows the possibility that it is part of a Saros cycle of 223 synodic months.
		They noted that the average month length on the Carlsberg cycle (29.53074 days) is virtually identical to that of a Callippic cycle (29.53085 days), and argued that the Carlsberg cycle was therefore simply derived from the Callippic cycle.
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/chron/egyptian/chron_eg_anl_julian.htm (4956 words)

	Metocean Glossary
		Four times a "Metonic cycle", time unit introduced by the Greek astronomer Callipus (350 BC).
		The giant waves created by an unusually swift opposing current.
		Horizontal movement of water particles, considered generally as a time constant at the wave period scale, which direction and speed can change with the water depth.
	www.ifremer.fr /web-com/glossary/glossa29.htm (147 words)

	Women Outdoors - Glossary - Discover The Outdoors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Difference between the time of slack water (or minimum current) or strength of current in any locality and the time of the corresponding phase of the tidal current at a reference station for which predictions are given in the Tidal Current Tables.
		A graphic representation of a rotary current in which the velocity of the current at different hours of the tidal cycle is represented by radius vectors and vectoral angles.
		The mean interval between the transit of the Moon over the meridian of Greenwich and the time of strength of flood, modified by the times of slack water (or minimum current) and strength of ebb.
	www.dto.com /women/glossary/index.jsp?startwith=c (4538 words)

	Almagest Ephemeris Calculator
		day is omitted (as well as the last day at the end of the cycle) and that seven years in each 19-year Metonic sub cycle have an intercalated month (Poseideon II in the years 1, 6 and 14, and Skirophorion II in the years 3, 9, 11 and 17).
		The Callippic calendar is assumed to commence on 28 June 330 BC (proleptic), at sunset following the New Moon after the summer solstice.
		The Callippic date converter should be used with caution but it may be useful in identifying new Callippic dates that in turn can help to refine our incomplete knowledge of this calendar.
	www2.arnes.si /~gljsentvid10/almagestephemeris.htm (1779 words)

	FIBONACCI & LUCAS NUMBERS IN MOON - SUN CYCLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The basis of this cycle is that the same relative angle between the Moon and Sun (lunar phase) is repeated on a similar date.
		No market cycles are known to correspond with this 3, 5, 3, 8 year cycle and thus it may be a research dead end.
		Then there is a cycle of 4, 4, 11, 4 nodical years to 80 nodical years after which there is series involving both 4, 4, 7, 4 and 4, 4, 11, 4 cycles.
	www.davidmcminn.com /pages/fiblucas.htm (1801 words)

	Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use - M (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The amplitude of this variation changes with the phase of the moon, the seasons, and the sunspot cycle.
		cycle of a periodic wave, the maximum absolute value of the instantaneous
		The Metonic cycle is the basis for the golden numbers used to determine the data of Easter.
	roland.lerc.nasa.gov /~dglover/dictionary/m.html (8270 words)

	[No title]
		Whatever its exact origins, the cycle coverd eight years, as its name implies; and since in the 6th century BC the year was accepted to be 365 days in length, the octaeteris amounted to 8 x 365, or 2,920 days.
		It also gave a more accurate average value for the tropical year and was so succesful that it formed the basis of the calendar adopted in the Seleucid Empire (Mesopotamia) and was used in the Jewish calendar and the calendar of the Christian Church; it also influenced Indian astronomical teaching.
		The movement is small, amounting to no more thqan 2 degrees in 150 years, and it is known now as an important discovery because the tropical year is measured with reference to the equinoxes, and precession reduced the value accepted by Calippus.
	ftp.cac.psu.edu /pub/genealogy/roots-l/genealog/genealog.calsys1a (5836 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 575 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Such calendars were fixed in public places, for common use, and hence called TrapaTn^ccra : they record the times of the different risings and settings of the fixed stars, with the eiricnrjiJiacriai, or principal changes in the weather supposed to be connected with them, as deduced from the observations of various astronomers.
		Callippus invented the period or cycle of 76 years, called after him the Callippic.
		The Callippic period seems to have been generally adopted by astronomers in assigning the dates of their observations; and the frequent use which Ptolemy makes of it enables us to fix the epoch of the beginning of the first period with considerable certainty.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0584.html (963 words)

	Period
		The duration of one complete cycle of a periodic function; the reciprocal of the frequency of such a function.
		The menstrual cycle is the periodic change in a woman's body that occurs every month between puberty and menopause and is related to reproduction.
		Then a new egg matures in the ovaries, and about at the middle of the cycle (14 days before beginning of the next menstrual bleeding), ovulation occurs, meaning that the egg is released by the ovary and enters the fallopian tube.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /pe/period.html (8552 words)

	Callippus
		Callippus made accurate determinations of the lengths of the seasons and constructed a 76 year cycle comprising 940 months to harmonise the solar and lunar years which was adopted in 330 BC and used by all later astronomers.
		Ptolemy gave us an accurate date for the beginning of this cycle in 330 BC in the Almagest saying that year 50 of the first cycle coincided with the 44th year following the death of Alexander.
		He accounted for this in his model by making the velocity of the Sun vary through the year and this was achieved with the two extra spheres described above.
	www.educ.fc.ul.pt /icm/icm2003/icm14/Callippus.htm (551 words)

	Egyptian to Julian conversion: Augustan reform analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		These equations show that the official Egyptian civil year did indeed have a four year intercalary cycle with the expected and fixed phase relationship to the Julian intercalary cycle in the early imperial era, after the completion of the Augustan reform of the Roman calendar.
		Jones, ZPE 129 (2000) 141 he showed that the dates were actually years 1 and 2 of the Fifth Callippic Cycle.
		The fact that the Alexandrian calendar started in year 1 of a Callippic cycle, if Theon is correct, is probably just a fortunate coincidence, but it is certainly one that the designers would have been well aware of, and may well have been factored into the choice of intercalary phase.
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/chron/egyptian/chron_eg_anl_augustus.htm (3713 words)

	Solar, Lunar and Planetary Ephemerides from the Almagest
		The zodiacal calendar of Dionysius, an otherwise unknown astronomer who observed in Alexandria in the second quarter of the third century BCE, in the calendar module is based on the reconstruction of Böckh (1863) and van der Waerden (1984).
		The Callippic calendar is assumed to commence on 28 June 330 BCE (proleptic), at sunset following the New Moon after the summer solstice.
		Both the Dionysian as the Callippic date converters should be used with caution but they may be useful in identifying new Dionysian or Callippic dates which can in turn help to refine our incomplete knowledge of these astronomical calendars.
	www.fys.ruu.nl /~vgent/astro/almagestephemeris.htm (1944 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		fl hole - one of the stages in the life cycle of a star, a fl hole is sometimes the remains of a star after it dies.
		Hertzsprung-Russell diagram - a diagram used to plot the life cycle of a typical star.
		Metonic Cycle - length of time between recurrences of the full moon on the same date, or 235 lunar months, or 19 years.
	www.geocities.com /capecanaveral/5570/glossary.html (2769 words)

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