Development of the exineless pollen wall in Callitriche truncata (Callitrichaceae) and the evolution of underwater pollination.
Callitriche is unique in being the only known genus with co-occurring aerial and underwater pollination systems.
In the present study, development of exineless pollen in the obligately submersed species Callitriche truncata was examined, with particular emphasis on the tetrad stage.
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The Callitrichaceae is an aquatic family of flowering plants, commonly known as water starworts, that includes the single genusCallitriche.
Callitriche consists of 50 terrestrial, amphibious, and obligately submersed species, and it is the only genus in the plant kingdom with co-occurring aerial, water surface, and subsurface pollination systems.
Correlative investigations that focus on pollination systems and pollen structure in Callitriche are relatively few in number; therefore, the co-occurring systems within the genus present the unique opportunity to study the evolution of underwater pollination.
The Callitricaeae are an aquatic family of dicots that include the single, geographically cosmopolitan genusCallitriche.
Callitriche contains 40-50 terrestrial, amphibious, and obligately submersed species, and it is the only known genus in the plant kingdom with co-occurring aerial and hydrophilous pollination syndromes.
Pollen morphology and ultrastructure were described for 13 Callitriche species using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy.
Other species of Callitriche may occur at Mather Field in the wetlands and along drainage channels, but Callitriche marginata is the only species which occurs regularly in vernal pools.
It germinates in wet areas soon after the rains begin in the fall.
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Callitrichaceae *MN* native to Minnesota : Special Concern list, *
WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range (Callitriche anceps)
WI*, *MB* Species widespread, abundant, and apparently secure throughout range; widespread, abundant, and apparently secure in Manitoba (Callitriche verna)