
	Where results make sense

Topic: Callosities

	North Atlantic Right whale biology and behavior Information
		These callosities are actually concentrations of "Cyamids" or "whale lice" that infest wrinkly patches of skin on the Right Whale's head.
		Every Right Whale is born with a different pattern of wrinkly skin on their heads and therefore develop a different pattern of callosities as Cyamids occupy these wrinkly patches later in the whale's life.
		A whale with a continuous ridge of callosities along the entire length of its rostrum is said to have a complete "Bonnet".
	www.7seas-whalewatch.com /Right_whales.htm (604 words)

	Callosity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word callosity is generally reserved for describing the calluses found on the head of the three species of right whales.
		Callosities are a characteristic feature of the Eubalaena genus of whales; because they are found on the head of the whale and appear white against the dark background of the whale's skin, they make it very easy to identify these species.
		Callosities arise naturally and are present even in late-term whale fetuses, although the work of lice digging into the surface of the skin may make them more jagged and hard over time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Callosity (249 words)

	Cape Whale Route
		Callosities are patches of raised, wart-like skin which form around the rudimentary hairs on the head (over the eye, around the blow hole and on the upper and lower jaws) of right whales.
		Callosities have been a valuable tool to right whale researches, as they are unique in shape and design on each animal, thus making it possible to identify individuals.
		Thanks to callosities, scientists are able to estimate population size, track whales to their feeding grounds, follow calving cycles, and determine calving and survival rates of these animals.
	www.questconnect.org /africa_cape_whale_route.htm (1092 words)

	The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics
		Knuckle pads are discrete benign cutaneous lesions overlying the extensor surfaces of the fingers and hand joints and are unrelated to trauma, whereas pseudo-knuckle pads may be considered as a form of callosity that appears after repeated trauma.
		Callosities may develop on any area of skin secondary to repetitive trauma, pressure or friction2.
		We think that callosities of the hands were the consequence of the repeated mechanical injury secondary to the ritualistic behavior in our patient.
	tjp.dergisi.org /text.php3?id=105 (994 words)

	The evolution of adaptations
		The same thing is true of callosities which appear on the wrists of the forelegs of the African wart-hog, which while feeding has a peculiar stance which involves resting on these points (Leche [9]).
		Since populations of animals are never quite uniform in any character, we must expect that the ostrich ancestors varied in their capacity to produce the most suitable callosities; and there could he effective natural selection for those which performed the most satisfactory exogenous adaptation.
		In the first place, there seems to be no doubt that the formation of callosities on the sole of the foot is actually brought about by developmental interactions which go on in the embryonic limb-bud, as was suggested in the last paragraph.
	www.bulbnrose.com /Heredity/Waddington/Adaptations/Adaptations.html (3534 words)

	[No title]
		A notice of disagreement as to the issues of entitlement to an increased rating for metatarsalgia with callosities and pes planus and entitlement to an extension of the temporary total rating under 38 C.F.R. § 4.30 (1993) beyond May 31, 1991, was received in August 1991.
		A substantive appeal as to the issue of entitlement to an increased rating for metatarsalgia with callosities and pes planus was received in January 1992.
		Although the RO did not notify the veteran of the denial of these three issues and of his procedural and appellate rights via an acceptable procedure, the veteran nevertheless submitted a notice of disagreement as to the issue of entitlement to a total disability rating for compensation based on individual unemployability in May 1993.
	www.va.gov /vetapp/files2/9411661.txt (1624 words)

	The North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium
		Callosities are roughened patches of skin that appear in many of the places that humans have hair – on the top of the head, on the chin and jaw and above the eyes.
		The callosities themselves are the same color as the skin (fl), but they appear to be white or yellow; this is because living on the callosities are many thousands of tiny crustaceans called cyamids, or ‘whale lice’.
		Their presence helps the callosities show up in the photographs that researchers use to identify individual right whales (along with scars and other unique markings).
	www.rightwhaleweb.org /identification.html (497 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The residuals of the veteran's bilateral plantar callosities are manifested by thickened callosities over both heels, callosities over the interphalangeal joints of both the right and left great toe, minimal callosities under the metatarsal heads, severe pain and significant limitations in mobility.
		Although the veteran is entitled to the benefit of the doubt where the evidence supporting a grant of his claim and the evidence supporting denial of his claim are in approximate balance, the benefit-of-the-doubt doctrine is inapplicable where, as here, the preponderance of the evidence is against the claim.
		An increased evaluation for bilateral plantar callosities, to a 30 percent schedular disability rating, is granted, subject to the applicable criteria governing the payment of monetary benefits.
	www.va.gov /vetapp/files1/9405286.txt (2193 words)

	What to Do About Calluses?
		Callosities are relatively common in most adult populations; a population survey in Britain found that 48 percent of females ages 25-44 years displayed plantar callus, and the prevalence increased to 56 percent in the 45-64 age group.
		Since plantar callosities form in response to sustained pressure patterns, they provide helpful clues regarding alterations in foot function.
		Warts on the plantar surface of the foot are due to a viral infection, and are less likely to respond to a purely biomechanical treatment.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/23/21/03.html (850 words)

	Whale Lice: University of Utah News Release: September 14, 2005
		Callosities, or dark callus-like material, are easily visible on the head of this right whale because they are covered by white-colored parasitic crustaceans named cyamids and nicknamed 'whale lice.'
		The callosities are colored white because tiny parasites named cyamids or 'whale lice' are attached to the callus-like material, giving each whale a set of distinctive markings that allow them to be identified by researchers.
		Whale lice are related to crabs and shrimp, and cling to the whales’ raised, callus-like patches of skin –; named callosities – the grooves and pits between callosities, and also to skin in slits that cover mammary glands and genitals.
	www.utah.edu /unews/releases/05/sep/whalelice.html (2144 words)

	Foot calluses and orthotic by Dr. Mark Charrette
		While they are usually not painful, plantar callosities will grow with repeated abrasion, and interfere with normal foot function and shoe fit.
		The presence and location of calluses on the feet are useful indicators of abnormal pressure due to altered biomechanics and poor shoe fit.
		Callosities are relatively common in most adult populations.
	www.worldchiropracticalliance.org /tcj/2002/oct/oct2002charrette.htm (868 words)

	eMedicine - Clavus : Article by Nanette Silverberg, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Synonyms include the following: callosity, a hyperkeratotic response to trauma; corn, heloma, or a circumscribed hyperkeratotic lesion that may be hard (ie, heloma durum) or soft (ie, heloma molle); and callous, callus, or a diffusely hyperkeratotic lesion.
		Bunionettes, ie, callosities over the lateral fifth metatarsal head, may be associated neuritic symptoms due to compression of the underlying lateral digital nerves.
		Kitaoka HB, Patzer GL: Chevron osteotomy of lesser metatarsals for intractable plantar callosities.
	www.emedicine.com /derm/topic806.htm (3543 words)

	Species Corner: Right Whale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Rough areas of skin on the head called "callosities" are distinguishing features of all right whales.
		Callosities may be inhabited by whale lice or barnacles.
		The body is predominately fl, although there may be large splotches of white on the ventral surface of the mammal.
	www.tmmsn.org /mmgulf/eubalaena.html (434 words)

	Offshore / Inshore Fisheries Development & Technologies: Species - Cetaceans Of Canada
		Most callosities are colonized by large numbers of white, yellow, orange, or pinkish "whale lice" (cyamid crustaceans).
		Since each right whale has a distinctive arrangement of callosities, these structures are carefully photographed by researchers and used to identify and recognize individual whales.
		Except for the callosities, the skin of right whales is relatively free of ectoparasites.
	www.mi.mun.ca /mi-net/fishdeve/cetacea1.htm (1012 words)

	Curiosities on the Whales - PATAGONIA-ARGENTINA.COM
		In this opportunity we want to tell you a series of curious data on these mammals, giants of the sea that every year arrive in June to the coast of the Peninsula of Valdés to stay until the very end of spring.
		One way of recognizing a Right Whale is by noting the presence of certain characteristic callosities on the upper part of its body and at the sides of the head.
		These callosities are covered by thousands of crustaceans known as "Whale lice", or more properly called crustaceans.
	www.patagonia-argentina.com /i/actividades/ballenas_curiosidades.htm (507 words)

	Centre For Dolphin Studies - Southern Right Whale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This genetic trait is sex-linked - all white calves are male - and the colour darkens to the usual fl as the animal matures.
		The callosities are horny growths of roughened skin, similar to the warts which affect humans (although they are a normal feature of the whales, not symptomatic of disease).
		As the pattern of callosities are unique to each animal, like a fingerprint, researchers use these markings to identify individual animals and to keep track of them through successive seasons.
	www.dolphinstudies.co.za /species/eubalaena_australis.html (968 words)

	ARC MAGO - INDÚSTRIA E COMÉRCIO LTDA. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Prescribed for: Metatarsalgia, callosities, torsion, tendinitis, arthritic pain relief, calcaneus spur and for those who practice sports, reducing the impact.
		Metatarsalgia, callosities, torsion, tendinitis, arthritic pain relief, calcaneus spur and for those who practice sports, reducing the impact.
		Callosities, talalgy, torsion, tendinitis, arthritic pain relief, calcaneus spur and for those who practice sports, reducing the impact.
	www.arcmago.com.br /ingles/catalogo_ortofly.htm (383 words)

	index.jpg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Scientists refer to the grayish-white patches on the whales’ heads as callosities.
		Callosities are used to identify whales because each whale has a different pattern.
		The white coloration of the callosities is caused by an abundance of a small organism known as a “cyamid”, commonly known as whale lice.
	nia.ecsu.edu /ureoms2003/whale/background.htm (510 words)

	North Atlantic Right Whale Catalog: What Do Right Whales Look Like?
		Actually, the callosity tissue is dark like the whale’s skin, but it is infested with light- colored cyamids (Si-am'-ids), or “whale lice.” Millions of these cyamids live on the whale’s head and can obscure the underlying callosity.
		The placement and pattern of the callosity is unique to each individual and is how scientists distinguish one right whale from another.
		The callosity begins to emerge shortly after birth, but the pattern is not well established until 7-10 months later.
	www.neaq.org /rwcatalog/whatis/callosities.html (191 words)

	Species Profiles — OBIS-SEAMAP
		All right whales have callosities on their heads, the largest of which is called the bonnet.
		The callosity patterns are individually-distinctive and are used by researchers to identify individuals.
		In addition to those on the callosities, whale lice are common in creases and folds on the bodies of southern right whales.
	seamap.env.duke.edu /species/tsn/552771 (738 words)

	Ocean Life Institute - Right Whales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The callosities, often highlighted by intensely colored whale lice, were called “bonnets” by sailors of old.
		Callosities also turn out to be the “fingerprints” of right whales.
		Since 1980, Kraus and colleagues have been studying distinctive callosity patterns on some 250,000 “mug shots” to identify, catalog, and track the approximately 342 remaining North Atlantic right whales.
	www.whoi.edu /institutes/oli/currenttopics/currents-na_right_whale.html (966 words)

	Northern Right Whale (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The rostrum, or upper jaw, is covered by hard patches of skin which occur in the facial area.
		These callosities can be used to identify individual whales because of the unique patterns that they form.
		Callosities are caused by a small parasitic crustacean.
	www.orecity.k12.or.us /ochs/departments/science/species/northern_right_whale.html (1204 words)

	Grand Manan Whale and Seabird Research Station - NB - Canada, Seal and Whale page
		On the head there are patches of raised and roughened skin (called callosities) that appear white.
		These features are unique to each whale and photographs of the callosities are used by researchers to identify and recognize individual right whales.
		While the callosities may change slightly over the years, callosities are a reliable feature for identification.
	www.gmwsrs.org /rwgen.htm (1135 words)

	Southern Right Whale (Eubalaena australis) Whales, Right Whales, Baleen.
		The most distinctive feature of Southern Right Whales is their raised patches of skin called callosities on the head (which is about 1/3 of the body length), snout and lips.
		The surface of the callosities is very rough and jagged due to the attentions of whale lice which feed on and sculpt the thick skin mounds into pads of course sandpaper.
		These callosities are easily spotted when the whale comes to the surface to breath especially since they also often raise their chin or entire head during social contacts with other whales.
	www.marinethemes.com /southright.html (700 words)

	Whales Great and Small
		Identifying features include the absence of a dorsal fin, a deeply notched tail with a smooth trailing edge, a large head (more than one-quarter of the body length), a narrow upper jaw and curved lower jaw.
		Tough cornified white skin patches, called callosities, are used with other markings to identify individuals.
		Callosities are located on the top of the head, above the eye, behind the blowholes, and along the lower jaw.
	www.graysreef.nos.noaa.gov /whalebook/intro.html (1533 words)

	beetles
		Elytra with prominent basal callosities; eyes large, interocular space subequal to 1/3 width of head…..
		Elytra lacking basal callosities; flatter, less convex; eyes small, interocualr space subequal to 1/2 width of head…..
		Elytra shining, rather strongly, closely punctate; umbones distinct with depression between them and basomedial callosities; yellow with fl markings: usually suture irregularly vittate to apical declivity, often with postbasal, midelytral, and preapical fasciae.
	www.ag.auburn.edu /aaes/communications/beetles/capraita.htm (899 words)

	Evolution Research - Personal Posts: Re: The evolution of adaptations (Waddington) (2)
		For this reason the proposed mechanism will continue to be described as a 'localized area of equilibrium at the apex of an homeostatic hierarchy' (rather than, for example, any assignation along the lines of 'organs, tissues, and cells' to progressively lower levels within the hierarchy).
		Today's extract from "The evolution of adaptations" is slightly shorter than yesterday's: the emphasis this time is on Waddington's description of the process whereby the callosities of ostriches become hereditary (rather than the intellectual strategy whereby the 'incredible' was reduced to the 'credible').
		Now, one of the main characteristics of animal development is that it tends to be canalized or buffered, so that the optimum end result is produced even if there are minor variations from the normal conditions while the process is going on [11].
	evomech3.blogspot.com /2006/03/re-evolution-of-adaptation_114253392078365146.html (1484 words)

	[No title]
		Callosities are found on the rostrum in front of the blowholes (called ‘the bonnet’), near the blowholes, above the eyes, on the sides of the head, on the chin, and on the lower lips.
		The callosities appear light-colored because of the light-colored whale lice that live on them.
		Due to the separation of the two blow holes, right whales can be identified from a distance by their V-shaped blow.
	www.ifaw.org /ifaw/general/default.aspx?oid=112349 (422 words)

	right whales
		They are dark gray or fl and have "bumps" called callosities, on their head.
		The callosities appear white due to the presence of cyamids, or whale lice, that often congregate on the callosities.
		When right whales breathe they produce a V-shaped blow that is often as high as 15 feet and is visible from a great distance.
	www.kayakamelia.com /pages/critterrtwhales.html (502 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)