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Rediscovering Biology - About the Series Alan Dickman, PhD, is the biology curriculum director and an associate professor of biology at the University of Oregon. John Postlethwait, PhD, is a professor of biology in the Institute of Neuroscience at the University of Oregon. As a graduate student at the University of New Hampshire she was a teaching assistant for marine ecology, honors biology, economic botany, and as a lab coordinator for plant biology. www.learner.org /channel/courses/biology/about/credits.html   (2209 words)

SIVB Terminology Listing Cell strain: A cell strain is derived either from a primary culture or a cell line by the selection or cloning of cells having specific properties or markers. Micronucleated cell: A cell which has been mitotically arrested and in which small groups of chromosomes function as foci for the reassembly of the nuclear membrane thus forming micronuclei the maximum of which could be equal to the total number of chromosomes. Recon: The viable cell reconstructed by the fusion of a karyoplast with a cytoplast. www.sivb.org /edu_terminology.asp   (4179 words)

Plant Cell Biology Laboratory The goal is to genetically modify a plant cell or tissue in vitro, such as transformation with the gene gun or Agrobacterium and then regenerate an entire plant with the new gene trait. Callus - A proliferating mass of undifferentiated plant cells; this type of cells can be produced by plants as a result of a wound. Untransformed cells and tissues are killed while the cells carrying the desired gene grow and regenerate into plants. www.ca.uky.edu /pcbl/home/whatspge.html   (892 words)

NUI Maynooth > Department of Biology > root) culture, callus, cell suspension and protoplast culture, anther and free pollen culture, and plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and adventitious shoot initiation. Innate immunity, Generation of B and T cell responses and generating receptor diversity, the major histocompatibility complex, antigen processing and presentation, T and B cell activation and maturation, Immune effector mechanisms (Complement, cytokines), Immune regulation, Migration and Inflammation, Hypersensitivity, Autoimmunity. Cell biological research tools in the study of the molecular pathogenesis of these genetic muscle disorders are described. biology.nuim.ie /coursesbiologicalsciences03.shtml   (994 words)

Callus (cell biology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A plant cell callus consists of somatic undifferentiated cells from an adult subject plant. A callus is not necessarily genetically homogeneous because a callus is often made from structural tissue, not individual cells. Plant cell calluses may be made to differentiate into the specialized tissues of a whole plant, with the addition of a number of hormones or enzymes. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Callus_(cell_biology)   (249 words)

callus - HighBeam Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) Heterosis and combining ability for callus growth rate in rice. Combining ability analysis of in vitro callus formation and plant regeneration in red clover. An improved media system for high regeneration rates from barley immature embryo-derived callus cultures of commercial cultivars. www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-x-callus.html   (210 words)

PROTOPLAST PRODUCTION This activity allows students to strip away the cell walls of plant cells (using enzymes) and then observe the resulting spherical protoplasts (plant cells minus the cell wall). In the case of plants, removal of the cell wall is a first and crucial step required before introduction of DNA directly through the plasma membrane. Protoplasts have also been isolated from suspension cultures (single cells floating and growing in solution), callus cultures (a callus is undifferentiated tissue), embryos, shoots and seedlings. www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEPC/WWC/1993/protoplast.html   (1974 words)

Bone Biology, Skeletal Reconstruction, Aging and Osteoporosis Normal bone marrow is populated by undifferentiated stem cells, which are recruited throughout life in the processes of bone growth, repair, and remodeling. These cells are critical to bone formation, both for maintaining a healthy skeleton and for healing skeletal injuries or defects. This distraction results in a prolonged proliferation of osteoblastic progenitors in the callus (the growth phase of bone formation) generating new bone tissue in the area where the bone is pulled apart. www.lerner.ccf.org /bme/muschler/lab   (748 words)

Foot Callus -- Recommendations and Resources   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) Alexis Callus was President of the Junior College Student Council in 1996 and led the student protests in aim of safeguarding student stipends. A callus is not necessarily genetically homogeneous because a callus is often made from structural tissue, not individual cells. Plant cell calluses may be made to differentiate into the specialized tissues of a whole plant, with the addition of a number of hormones or enzymes. www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/56/foot-callus.html   (1076 words)

Rediscovering Biology - Online Textbook: Unit 13 Genetically Modified Organisms Another method is to culture plants from totipotent cells found in plant meristems. When hormones in the culture medium are adjusted, the callus will sprout shoots and roots and eventually develop into a plantlet that can be transplanted to soil. Some projectiles penetrate the nuclei of cells, where occasionally the introduced DNA integrates into the DNA of the plant genome. www.learner.org /channel/courses/biology/textbook/gmo/gmo_6.html   (569 words)

Plant Biotechnology: Controlling Tissue Differentiation Differentiated cells in a plant usually do not divide, but can be experimentally induced to divide and to de-differentiate by extracting tissue pieces (explants) and placing them under sterile conditions on an appropriate culture medium that contains the necessary nutrients and additives (see recipe provided). By manipulating the proportions of these two hormones, callus tissue can be induced to produce shoots, roots or both, resulting in a regenerated plant. It has been found that if the cytokinin-to-auxin ratio is maintained high, certain cells are produced in the callus that give rise to buds, stems, and leaves. www.accessexcellence.org /AE/AEPC/WWC/1994/plant_biotechnology.html   (655 words)

The Hydra Library: I-M Keppel, E. and Schaller, H. A 33 kDa protein with sequence homology to the 'laminin binding protein' is associated with the cytoskeleton in hydra and in mammalian cells. Lyons, K. Collar cells in planula and adult tentacle ectoderm of the solitary coral Balanophyllia regia (Anthozoa Eupsammiidae). Nerve cell differentiation in nerve-free tissue of epithelial hydra from precursor cells introduced by grafting. www.biology.pomona.edu /martinez/I-M.html   (14170 words)

This week in PNAS Early Edition When sound enters the cochlea, the hair cells oscillate along their length at the stimulus frequency. The position of the cilia is thus biased in the mutant cells. Experiments on hair cells from these mice showed that the frequency-following response was normal, and no alteration in hearing was found. www.pnas.org /misc/highlights.shtml   (1144 words)

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 modulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor by osteoblasts -- ... VEGF expression by osteoblasts and osteoblast-like cells is a Fetal rat calvarial (FRC) cells were cultured from FRC explants by a modification of the procedure described by Freshney (13). Uninfected control cells demonstrated a pattern of VEGF mRNA expression similar to that identified in earlier experiments, with a peak increase at 3 h and lower (but above baseline) levels at 6 and 24 h. ajpcell.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/4/C628   (5206 words)

Genome Biology | Full text | The Janus kinases (Jaks)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) In contrast, the expression of Jak3 is more restricted; it is predominantly expressed in hematopoietic cells and is highly regulated with cell development and activation [6,19,20]. At the cellular level, Jaks can be found in the cytosol when they are experimentally expressed in the absence of cytokine receptors, but, because of their intimate association with cytokine receptors, they ordinarily localize to endosomes and the plasma membrane, along with their cognate receptors [21,22]. In human cells transformed with T-cell leukemia virus-1, Jak3 and Stat5 are constitutively activated [49]. genomebiology.com /2004/5/12/253   (4208 words)

Stem cells But if they specialize into a specific cell line - then isn't that sentence wrong as the divided stem cells are no longer stem cells. Thus, the indefinite growth of stem cells possibly happens to generate the pool of stem cells only. In Plant Cell Culture, it is what we call as "callus" or something like that (don't have idea the right spell). www.biology-online.org /biology-forum/about8124.html   (254 words)

The Cell Online: Chapter 1 - Intro The first cell is thought to have arisen at least 3.8 billion years ago as a result of enclosure of self-replicating RNA in a phospholipid membrane. Yeasts: As the simplest eukaryotic cells, yeasts are an important model for studying various aspects of eukaryotic cell biology. Light Microscopy: A variety of methods are used to visualize cells and subcellular structures and to determine the intracellular localization of specific molecules using the light microscope. www.sinauer.com /cooper/4e/chapter01.html   (558 words)

BIOLOGY 3301 CELL PHYSIOLOGY   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) This course focuses on the hands-on knowledge of animal and plant tissue culture for biomedical and biotechnology research. In addition to basic cell propagation techniques, selected methods in genetic engineering and cell imaging will be discussed. Neuronal cells (role of substrate and cell adhesion) www.uta.edu /biology/syllabi_fa03/3310002.htm   (1019 words)

Trends in Plant Cell Cycle Research -- Inzé et al. 11 (6): 991 -- THE PLANT CELL in the meristems and the subsequent elongation of cells. from a mitotic to a meiotic cell fate. Genschik, P., Criqui, M.C., Parmentier, Y., Derevier, A., and Fleck, J. (1998) Cell cycle-dependent proteolysis in plants: Identification of the destruction box pathway and metaphase arrest produced by the protease inhibitor MG132. www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/6/991   (2142 words)

Role of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in somatic embryogenesis on cultured zygotic embryos of Arabidopsis: ... Role of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in somatic embryogenesis on cultured zygotic embryos of Arabidopsis: cell expansion, cell cycling, and morphogenesis during continuous exposure of embryos to 2,4-D -- Raghavan 91 (11): 1743 -- American Journal of Botany Role of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in somatic embryogenesis on cultured zygotic embryos of Arabidopsis: cell expansion, cell cycling, and morphogenesis during continuous exposure of embryos to 2,4-D the shoot apical meristem and cells in the axils of cotyledons www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/abstract/91/11/1743   (368 words)

Efficient Plant Regeneration from Rice Protoplasts Through Somatic Embryogenesis - Nature Biotechnology   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) The protoplast origin of the regenerated plants is unequivocally demonstrated by the inability of contaminating intact cells to divide. Ho, W.J. and Vasil, I.K. Somatic embryogenesis in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) I. The morphology of callus formation and the ontogeny of somatic embryos. Gray, D.J., Conger, B.V., and Hanning, G.E. Somatic embryogenesis in suspension and suspension-derived callus cultures of Dactylis glomerata. www.nature.com /nbt/journal/v4/n12/abs/nbt1286-1087.html   (560 words)

Cell Wall Alterations in the Arabidopsis emb30 Mutant -- Shevell et al. 12 (11): 2047 -- THE PLANT CELL Cell Wall Alterations in the Arabidopsis emb30 Mutant -- Shevell et al. The fate of a cell in plants is largely defined by its position. of sugar beet callus is correlated with an increase in acetylation www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/12/11/2047   (6177 words)

Cytodifferentiation and transformation of embryogenic callus lines derived from anther culture of wheat -- Brisibe et ... Cells were subcultured weekly onto fresh selection medium. Different types of embryogenic structures initiated in anther culture of wheat: polyembroids (a), compact and hard callus tissues containing many small, prominent embryo-like structures (b), and pale yellow, soft and friable callus tissues (c). Assessment of cell viability in whisker-treated (—) and micoprojectile bombarded cells (----) of wheat. jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/51/343/187   (4092 words)

Orderly arrangement of ribosomes in the embryogenic callus tissue of Corylus avellana L -- Vujicic et al. 69 (3): 686 ... Orderly arrangement of ribosomes in the embryogenic callus tissue of Corylus avellana L -- Vujicic et al. Orderly arrangement of ribosomes in the embryogenic callus tissue of Corylus avellana L ultrastructure in the course of callus growth and embryoid formation. www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/69/3/686   (187 words)

callus - OneLook Dictionary Search callus : Compact Oxford English Dictionary [home, info] Phrases that include callus: definitive callus, permanent callus, temporary callus, medullary callus, alexis callus, more... Words similar to callus: callosity, callused, calluses, callusing, tyloma, more... www.onelook.com /?w=callus&ls=a   (323 words)

Biology News Net: September 2005 Archives   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21) New research published this week in Molecular Cell from the laboratory of Rockefeller University's Michael O'Donnell, a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, now shows that one of these proteins, the beta sliding clamp, serves as a toolbelt from which the correct proteins are retrieved to enable DNA replication in the face of DNA damage. Bacteria-eating cells that generally fight infection may cause dementia in HIV patients, University of Florida and University of California at San Francisco researchers have found. Strikingly, their study shows that, in Drosophila embryos, mir-1 expression is not required for mesodermal cell fate decisions or cell proliferation during embryogenesis, but rather, that it appears to act to reinforce and maintain cell identity during times of rapid growth. www.biologynews.net /archives/2005/09/index.html?page=3   (2688 words)

Films for the Humanities and Sciences - Plant Biology A laboratory demonstration of plant cloning, including cell extraction, callus growth, and hormone treatment, is presented as well. Fourteen tutorials are grouped around four themes-ecology, growth and development, reproduction, and systematics and evolution-that will provide students with a gre... Films Media Group, Films for the Humanities and Sciences, Cambridge Educational, Meridian Education, Shopware and their respective logos are trademarks of Films Media Group, a PRIMEDIA company. www.films.com /id/10882/Plant_Biology.htm   (334 words)

Institute for Cellular Engineering This study demonstrated that biolistics offers a viable and reproducible method to transiently transform Taxus cell cultures with a variety of reporter genes driven by several different plant-specific promoters. canadensis, respectively), a parameter combination of three bombardments per callus with 1 μg of plasmid and 60 mg/ml of 1 μm gold microcarriers per individual bombardment at a 1100 psi rupture disc pressure was optimal in transiently expressing the firefly luciferase gene under control of the constitutive 35S promoter. This optimized particle bombardment-mediated transformation system was also able to demonstrate transient expression of the dsRed and GUS reporter genes under the control of different promoters (maize ubiquitin promoter and double 35S). www.umass.edu /ice/conference2006/abstracts/taxuscellculture.html   (252 words)

Physico-chemical characteristics of cell walls from Arabidopsis thaliana microcalli showing different adhesion ... The cell adhesion of microcalli was determined by the ‘vortex-induced Cell wall degrading enzyme activities at the cell surface and in the culture medium of dividing, expanding and stationary microcalli (4, 8, and 14 d, respectively);± indicate SD (n=3) Structural models of primary cell walls in flowering plants: consistency of molecular structure with the physical properties of the walls during growth. jxb.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/55/405/2087   (5184 words)

Lucas Involvement of abscisic acid-dependent and -independent pathways in the up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activity during NaCl stress in cotton callus tissue. Antioxidant response to NaCl-tolerant cotton cell lines grown in the presence of paraquat, butathione sulfoximine, and exogenous glutathione. The effects of NaCl on antioxidant enzyme activities in callus tissue of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cotton cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Plant Cell Reports. www.lsus.edu /sc/bios/lucas.htm   (526 words)

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