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Topic: Calumet River

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	calumet - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		calumet [Fr.,=reed], name given by the French to the peace pipe used by the indigenous people of North America for smoking tobacco; it consisted of a long, feathered stem, with or without a pipe bowl.
		Calumets were particularly used at the conclusion of peace treaties and in ceremonies of adoption.
		Amphibians and reptiles of the Grand Calumet River basin.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-calumet.html (458 words)

	Conscious Choice: The Calumet Initiative
		However, the main reason this natural gem survived is that for decades, Calumet area residents and several organizations worked and fought hard to protect and preserve the pockets of habitat, especially in the 1980s, when they resisted efforts of the city to demolish the homes in Hegewisch and build Chicago’s third airport.
		Therefore, to meet their needs, and keep communication flowing, the first Calumet Research Summit was held in May 2000 to collect and synthesize as much of the existing information as possible, as well as encourage interdisciplinary thinking, provide a forum to share findings, and define opportunities for collaboration and priority setting.
		In February 2006, the Calumet Hydrologic Master Plan was released, describing the watershed boundaries, groundwater and surface water level monitoring and stage-discharge relationships, water control structure analysis, and identification of hydrologic connections between parcels.
	www.consciouschoice.com /2006/08/calumet0608.html (2909 words)

	Calumet River System
		The Calumet river system is a network of waterways, some human-made and others transformed by two centuries of human straightening, widening, dredging, channelizing, and damming, as well as by industrial pollution and landfilling of nearby marshes.
		In the 1960s, the Calumet River was so polluted that sludge worms could not survive, and in 1965 the O'Brien Lock and Dam began operating on the Calumet River at 130th Street to prevent polluted water from entering Lake Michigan.
		Efforts to restrict industrial waste disposal into area rivers and canals had been made from the 1920s onward, but not until the 1970s did these efforts begin to be effective in cleaning up waterways.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/203.html (856 words)

	Calumet Ecological Park Feasibility Study: Part I
		When the Calumet region was settled, the natural communities of the strandplain formed a transition from sand savanna and sand prairie associated with the dune region in the east to tallgrass prairie in the west (Labus and Whitman, 1997).
		The channel of the Calumet River was straightened around 1886 and the Grand Calumet River channel was diverted several hundred feet south of its former channel to accommodate industrial development near Gary Harbor.
		Euro-American settlers tended to avoid the Calumet area early in the nineteenth century settlement of the region, however, because the dune and swale terrain were considered wasteland and unusable.
	www.lincolnnet.net /environment/feasibility/calumet2.html (7039 words)

	Vivid Look into the Significant History of the Calumet River Region of Illinois and Indiana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In “Along the Calumet River -Images of America” we follow Cynthia Ogorek as she winds a path through the various stages of development in the Calumet River region.
		Calumet City, IL (PRWEB) May 18, 2006 -- The history of the 19th and 20th centuries in the Calumet region of Northwest Indiana and south Cook County, Illinois, is considerably under-reported.
		In the 1930s and 40s, for instance, the Calumet River valley was known as the “workshop of the world.” And those who weren’t working in the factories were producing food for the restaurants, hotels and households of Chicago and elsewhere in the nation.
	www.prweb.com /releases/2006/5/prweb386764.htm (732 words)

	Lake Calumet - National Heritage Area
		Although the upper Calumet River is heavily industrialized there remain many open spaces along the river, and the lower section is largely open space and undeveloped.
		The area north of the junction of the Grand Calumet and Little Calumet rivers is navigable and an important commercial and recreational waterway.
		Corridor F: Grand Calumet River Corridor (Indiana): is a 4,460 acre riverine corridor terminating on the east at the Marquette Lagoons in Gary's Marquette Park.
	illinois.sierraclub.org /calumet/park/index.html (1136 words)

	Southeast Environmental Task Force - Calumet River Corridor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Calumet River is largely responsible for the existence of much of southern metropolitan Chicago.
		The Calumet Area Land Use Plan (right), developed by the City of Chicago, was a major step toward acknowledging the coexistence of industry and open space.
		The Calumet River connects the Southeast Side to the south and west suburbs of Chicago via the Little Calumet and the Cal-Sag Channel, and to downtown Chicago via Lake Michigan.
	www.southeastenvironmental.org /rivercor.html (814 words)

	The Calumet Region - Ecology
		It may be that contaminants discharged into the Calumet lake and river system are transported by the Calumet River into Lake Michigan, or the groundwater may discharge directly into Lake Michigan, both under relatively low flow conditions and flood conditions.
		The bi-state Calumet region is part of the Chicago/Calumet Lacustrine Plain ecological region which extends 112 kilometers from Winnetka, Illinois, to 13 miles northeast of the state line of Michigan in a crescent shape.
		Calumet Ecological Park Association (CEPA) and the Lake Calumet Study Committee have been urging the creation of a Calumet Ecological National Park for some time, including the Lake Calumet Area, with links by rivershed and lake corridors to the Indiana National Lakeshore and the Cal-Sag Channel to the Illinois and Michigan Canal.
	www.lincolnnet.net /reports/calumet/ecology.html (4345 words)

	Calumet Rivers/Cal-Sag Channel Paddling/Fishing Page
		The Calumet Rivers were created much later as the ice age ended and glacial melt reshaped the land.
		This is one of the worst polluted rivers in Illinois according to the IEPA.
		The Calumet Division of the Cook County Forest Preserve District has several facilities in the area.
	pages.ripco.net /~jwn/calumet.html (2851 words)

	Calumet City History
		CALUMET CITY - Years ago, some children who attended the former Sandridge Elementary School believed their classrooms were built on a Native American burial ground.
		The real Calumet City is a far cry from the John Belushi's cinematic home in "The Blues Brothers." The history of Calumet City is the story of pioneers and farmers who settled close enough to a port city for water transport and supplies, but distant enough to escape its congestion and problems.
		CALUMET CITY - Some churches in the south suburbs have been standing for 100 years, giving the residents they serve double reason to celebrate as they anticipate their town's centennial.
	www.lakenetnwi.org /member/cchs/calumethistory.htm (1044 words)

	Environmetnal History :: Early Calumet River
		By 1833, the Callimink River became the Calumet River.
		In 1856, the area where the Calumet River joined Lake Michigan was in a decline because of the closing of its lighthouse.
		The way he improved the river was by draining sloughs, deepening the river and building piers and docks.
	www.neiu.edu /~reseller/ehpg5erlycalrv.htm (625 words)

	Chicago River Paddling/Fishing
		The shifting of the Grand Calumet River mouth in 1804 eliminated that area as a portage, leaving the longer Green Bay, and St. Joe routes, or the shorter Chicago Portage.
		Stoney Creek was reversed and used as the Calumet Feeder Canal in 1848 due to a financial crisis on the IandM Canal.
		One area of the river that was interesting paddling thru was down near where the South Fork narrowed (on the map it's the area that is 19 feet deep).
	pages.ripco.net /~jwn/chicago.html (3230 words)

	Calumet Environmental Education Program
		At the mouth of the Calumet River there was a large sand bar (similar to the sand bar originally located at the mouth of the Chicago River) that created a bend in the river just before it emptied into Lake Michigan.
		The Calumet River would have to be widened, deepened, straightened, and a channel would have to be cut through the sand bar before the river could be used profitably.
		The Calumet region grew as newcomers were drawn to the area by the numerous jobs available in heavy industry and the jobs necessary to support the growing population of the area.
	www.fieldmuseum.org /ceep/infoHist_cultHist.html (2781 words)

	2000 ILLINOIS SPORT FISH CONSUMPTION ADVISORIES
		In addition to the consumption advisories for carp that were issued in 1999, this year’s recommendations cover fl bass, sunfish and yellow bass in the Calumet River, Little Calumet River and Cal-Sag Channel, and largemouth bass and sunfish in the Chicago River and its branches.
		The advisory for the Chicago River and its branches – north and south, North Shore Channel, and Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal –; recommends largemouth bass of all sizes be eaten no more than once a month and all sizes of sunfish be limited to no more than one meal a week.
		The limited consumption advisories for carp caught in the Chicago and Calumet river systems are due to contamination by PCBs and chlordane, a banned pesticide.
	www.idph.state.il.us /public/press00/fish2000.htm (912 words)

	Lake Calumet - Past & Future
		Known for their abundant wildlife, the Calumet marshes were the heart of one vast wet prairie system spanning roughly 22,500 acres in Illinois.
		In 1893, the commander of the Army Corps of Engineers indicated that, "keeping the Grand Calumet River channel clear was a fruitless exercise because it "filled up rapidly by slaughterhouse refuse and filth from manufacturing establishments and solid matter from the sewage poured into the dead stream.
		The scenery in the Calumet region is filled with opposing images of environmental neglect and survival.
	illinois.sierraclub.org /calumet/past/index.html (1537 words)

	Lighthouses of the Great Lakes
		Calumet Harbor is is part of the south side of the city of Chicago, and is the mouth of the Calumet River.
		Commercial vessels can access the Mississippi River, from Calumet Harbor, via the Cal-Sag Canal and the Illinois Waterway.
		The first Calumet Harbor Light was built 1906 on the new breakwater that was designed to provide a protected harbor.
	lighthouse.boatnerd.com /gallery/Michigan/CalumetHrbr.htm (154 words)

	Calumet River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The name "Calumet" refers to the calumet, an elaborate pipe that served as a universal sign of peace among the Illiniwek, and which was presented to Pere Marquette in 1673.
		The Grand Calumet River, originating in the east end of Gary, Indiana, flows 13 miles (21 km) through the cities of Gary, East Chicago and Hammond.
		The Little Calumet River flows through or borders the towns of Blue Island, Illinois, Dixmoor, Phoenix, Riverdale, Harvey, Calumet City, Lansing, Dolton, South Holland in Illinois and Hammond, Munster, IndianaMunster]], Griffith, Highland, East Gary in Indiana.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Calumet_River (1314 words)

	Blitz Trip - Little Calumet River
		Tom liked the fact that the river was mostly wooded, but in a populated area.
		Obstacles encountered include deadfall and construction deposits in the river at the METRA tracks about ¼ mile north of Sibley Blvd. The constriction caused by the construction deposits resulted in an area of rapid current under the tracks; the waters over the rest of the stretch were very placid.
		The biggest surprise was the rocky bottomed river for the last three miles which holds great promise for the return of aquatic species if the sewage treatment and stormwater discharges into the river could ever be cleaned up.
	www.openlands.org /watertrails.asp?pgid=329 (828 words)

	Chicago Skyway Bridge over the Calumet River, 1984
		In contrast to most of the bridges along the Calumet River, the Chicago Skyway Bridge is not movable.
		The bridge is seen here in the foreground, looking north up the Calumet River to the two railroad lift bridges.
		The toll road includes a bridge which soars 125 feet over the Calumet River, making it possible for ships and land traffic to flow over the river without interruption.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/10798.html (158 words)

	Southeast Environmental Task Force - Open Space Enhancement
		The Calumet Region in the City of Chicago presently contains approximately 4,800 acres of open lands, including 700 acres of Lake Calumet itself (including approximately three miles of shoreline currently closed to public access); approximately 20 miles of waterways including the Calumet, Little, and Grand Calumet Rivers; Wolf Lake; and, various smaller lakes and ponds.
		In response to the City's Calumet Area Land Use Plan SETF gathered partners to form the Lake Calumet Vision Committee in March, 2003.
		The marsh is the future home of the Ford Calumet Environmental Center, slated to bring over 100,000 visitors per year to the region.
	www.southeastenvironmental.org /open.html (763 words)

	Calumet Harbor Lighthouse, Indiana at Lighthousefriends.com
		However, ship captains heading for the Chicago River were confused by the new light, and due to numerous protests, the light was extinguished on July 28, 1855.
		A lifesaving station was located on the Calumet River, and one of the station’s lookout towers was positioned near the pierhead lighthouse.
		The mouth of the Calumet River and the surrounding land all lie within the state of Illinois, however due to the length of the breakwater, the breakwater lighthouse was actually just east of the Illinois-Indiana State Line, which runs north-south.
	www.lighthousefriends.com /light.asp?ID=845 (1392 words)

	Calumet Environmental Education Program
		Draining the region was a river described by one early geographer as a "curious and interesting stream" and called by various names.
		For the Calumet area, that panorama was a diverse mosaic of landscapes.
		The full extent of the biological importance of the Calumet was demonstrated beyond a doubt when scientists of all flavors, from mycologists and protozoologists to mammalogists gathered in the summer of 2002 to identify all the organisms they could find in one 24-hour period.
	www.fieldmuseum.org /ceep/infoSci_lifeTimes.html (2274 words)

	Polluting Companies Agree to Restore Indiana Waterway
		The Grand Calumet River, Indiana Harbor Canal and Indiana Harbor are part of the Lake Michigan ecosystem, and the riverside and upland habitats associated with these waters, including lands within the boundaries of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore are also affected by the contamination.
		The Grand Calumet River, originating in the east end of Gary, Indiana, flows 13 miles (21 kilometers) through the industrialized cities of Gary, East Chicago and Hammond.
		The Grand Calumet River and Indiana Harbor and Canal contain five to 10 million cubic yards (3.9 to 7.7 million cubic meters) of contaminated sediment up to 20 feet (6 m) deep.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/aug2004/2004-08-23-03.asp (1112 words)

	Reader Views - Book reviews, by readers, for readers
		Ogorek begins her account of the Calumet River before bridges spanned the water.
		The river’s waters were redirected into ditches and channels and harbors as even shipyards prospered.
		Ogorek’s book is part of the “Images of America” series and an important documentation of the history and development of the Calumet River.
	www.readerviews.com /ReviewOgorekAlongCalumet.html (546 words)

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