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Topic: Calves

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	Bodybuilding.com - Calves Articles!
		Calves are one of the most stubborn muscle groups to develop.
		The calves are one of the densest muscles in the body and probably one of the hardest to develop for most people.
		Calves besides being one of the most neglected body parts in the gym are ones whose training is most misunderstood.
	www.bodybuilding.com /fun/bbinfo.php?page=Calves (2075 words)

	The Welfare of Calves in Veal Production: A Summary of the Scientific Evidence
		Unlike calves raised by the beef industry, who usually nurse from their mothers for about 6 months, calves raised for veal are removed from mothers immediately after birth.
		In a study comparing calves housed in stalls that restricted their movement to those with freedom of movement in pens (all were fed the same diet), Reece and Hotchkiss (1987) found that food refusals were common among those with restricted movement and uncommon among those with freedom of movement.
		of calves housed under different levels of confinement, in conjunction with a companion physiological study, suggests that thwarted motivation to perform certain behaviors prevented by the crate may be accompanied by physiological indications of chronic stress.
	www.farmsanctuary.org /newsletter/veal_production.htm (1645 words)

	Creep Feeding Beef Calves
		Calves gain about as fast as their genetic makeup will allow when there is an abundance of high quality forage and large quantities of milk available.
		When calves are on lush pasture and their dams are milking well, difficulty may be experienced in starting calves on creep.
		Calves born in the fall and early-spring recognize and utilize creep feed sooner than late-spring born calves simply because there is a lower abundance of quality forage and milk available.
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/beef/400-003/400-003.html (1896 words)

	FDA Responds to the Use of Illegal Hormone Implants In Veal Calves
		FDA defines veal calves to include any pre-ruminating calf, regardless of breed, intended to be, or having been, processed for veal.
		There are no FDA-approved growth-promoting hormone implants for veal calves, and the extra-label use of non-therapeutic new animal drugs such as these growth-promoting hormonal implants is illegal.
		Under the guidance being issued to the veal industry, calves that have been implanted with a hormone can be presented for slaughter 63 days after implantation if the implants were used in strict accordance with the label conditions established for adult cattle.
	www.fda.gov /bbs/topics/news/2004/NEW01046.html (409 words)

	Recommended Code of Practice for the care and handling of Veal Calves (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Calves should be housed in conditions conducive to comfort, health, growth, and good performance at all stages of their lives.
		Calves should be moved through facilities with patience and as quietly as possible to reduce stress and minimize the risk of injury.
		Calves can be handled in the same manner as mature cattle but the aim of the firearm should be squarely on the midline of the forehead slightly lower than in mature cattle (Figure 3).
	www.carc-crac.ca /english/codes_of_practice/vealcde.htm (8339 words)

	Feeding and Management of Young Dairy Calves
		Calves may be successfully weaned from milk or milk replacers at 3 to 6 weeks of age depending on breed and appetite.
		As calves increase in age and size, larger calves may be limited to about 4 to 6 pounds of grain per day and the smaller calves about 4 to 5 pounds per day in order to encourage consumption of roughage, especially hay (Table 4).
		Calves that select hay over grain should have hay restricted until they are consuming from one to two pounds of grain per day.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /DS117 (3978 words)

	Improving the Lives of Calves Raised for Veal
		Because male dairy calves are not used in milk production and few dairy farmers raise them for beef, most male calves are considered "surplus" and are abruptly separated from their mothers and the farm of their birth.
		In the White Clover project, calves on several farms are raised under three different experimental protocols: 1) with their mothers on pasture until they are sold, or 2) separated after the colostrum period and raised in social groups with other calves.
		Calves have a strong need to suck, and a frequent industry criticism of keeping calves in groups is that they suck on each other.
	www.awionline.org /pubs/Quarterly/03-52-4/524p12.htm (821 words)

	weaningcalves (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Weaned weight of the calves is affected by the daily gains of the calf and the age of the calf at weaning.
		Calves which are slow to come to feed may be showing early signs of shipping fever or pneumonia.
		Weaning is a stressful time period for calves. A successful weaning program which offers your calves a highly palatable, complete nutritional diet will get them off to the right start and put them on the road to 40-80 pounds of weight gain.
	www.feednfarm.com /weaningcalves.html (1014 words)

	Nutritional Scours in Milk-fed Calves: Causes and Treatment
		Without the protective acidic environment in the abomasum, calves would quickly become infected when they first suckle from the cow's udder, which is usually contaminated with some faeces, or from other pathogens they may consume in the process of eating or chewing on things in the calf shed or paddock.
		Provided the calves are not otherwise stressed, their faeces generally returns to normal within a day or so and the animals are otherwise unaffected.
		Calves drinking milk diluted with a bicarbonate-based fluid replacer have to secrete additional acid into their abomasum to neutralise that electrolyte before they can acidify the milk.
	www.dpi.vic.gov.au /dpi/nreninf.nsf/LinkView/D27D0C2A28D5E0F8CA256BCF000BBFEA323F5CFE0267D9674A256DEA00273B5A (2626 words)

	Training American Bison (Bison bison) Calves
		Now that the calves had learned that standing still caused a whistle to be blown and then a treat to be thrown, it was time to expand their learning.
		Calves were individually separated from the group in their home pen and brought to the working facility.
		Habituated calves walked quietly, without hesitation, milling or fence running, and with no injuries, while all of the untrained calves ran in circles in their pen, ran from their home pen to the working area, and one calf received a bloody nose after running into a fence.
	www.grandin.com /references/bison.calves.html (3051 words)

	Preventing enteric disease in calves
		The disease occurs in calves from birth to two weeks old and may cause death so quickly that bloody diarrhea is never observed.
		Calves may be vaccinated at birth, but many believe vaccination with this product under four months of age is blocked by maternal immunity sufficiently such that an additional vaccination is necessary after four months of age.
		Too often, disease problems in calves are caused by their birth in a mud/manure lot where their mothers' teats become coated with pathogens for which the calf isn't yet prepared.
	beef-mag.com /mag/beef_preventing_enteric_disease (1161 words)

	Wheat Pasture Intake by Early-Weaned Calves
		However, in a later trial conducted with calves from the same herd, performance of calves introduced to wheat pasture at heavier weights was similar to that of the lighter calves previously reported (Purvis et al., 1997).
		Calves assigned to 15- or 35-d drylot periods are referred to as LIGHT and HEAVY groups, respectively, reflecting their relative weights when introduced to wheat pasture.
		Calves were vaccinated with a killed 7-way clostridial vaccine and intra-nasal IBR/PI vaccine at weaning, followed by a modified live respiratory vaccine (Vira-Shield 4) at approximately 120 d of age.
	www.ansi.okstate.edu /research/1998rr/38.html (1512 words)

	Selling calves by video auction
		He told us these were the type of calves many of his buyers like - mountain cattle that have a lot of muscling and very little fat, in good physical condition from all their travel and climbing.
		He says calves growing up in these conditions are healthier (good strong lungs) and have more growth potential because they have the frame but not the fat and can gain weight swiftly.
		The groups of calves were being sold about one lot per minute and it was interesting to see the various types of cattle and the country in which they grow up.
	beef-mag.com /mag/beef_selling_calves_video (694 words)

	Raising Newborn Calves, EC 1418
		These calves are exposed to diseases and are under stress from being moved to and from the sale or auction.
		Calves are fairly adaptable to a variety of management practices, however, successful calf feeding programs should be as consistent as possible day to day.
		Calves should consume some high protein hay for at least a week before they are weaned.
	extension.oregonstate.edu /catalog/html/ec/ec1418 (2461 words)

	P1554 Health Programs and Health Management for Beef Calves
		Penning calves with their dams in a weaning pasture for a few days and then removing the cows rather than moving the calves to an unfamiliar location helps minimize stress.
		Calves may be slow to start on feed but should be worked up to 4 to 5 pounds of concentrate feed per day for the duration of this period.
		If a banding technique is used to castrate bull calves, it is advisable to administer a tetanus toxoid vaccine at initial processing and a booster of the same at the time of banding 2 to 3 weeks later.
	msucares.com /pubs/publications/p1554.html (2261 words)

	EMERGENCY CALVES RESCUE
		The male calves, too sick to be raised for meat, were on a calf dealer's truck - bound for slaughter, just hours after being born.
		The dealer was taking certain calves to calf ranches to be raised, and others (the sicker, smaller ones) to be slaughtered.
		These calves are taken from their mothers immediately after birth, and in intensive dairy production areas of the U.S., the newborns are picked up by "calf jockeys" who drive their trucks from dairy to dairy collecting the calves.
	www.farmsanctuary.org /actionalerts/CA_calves07/alert_calves07_2.htm (748 words)

	Medicated milk replacers can cause illegal residues in veal calves - September 1, 2004
		The Department of Agriculture's Food Safety and Inspection Service defines bob veal calves as those a few days to three weeks of age, weighing up to 150 pounds, and which are on milk or milk-based diets.
		Most of these calves are bull calves from dairy farms.
		Use of nonmedicated calf milk replacers is recommended for all calves that will be sold off the farm at an early age, and for bob veal calves being held for sale by producers.
	www.avma.org /onlnews/javma/sep04/040901b.asp (361 words)

	Muscle Focus
		Calves: there is no other bodypart in which genetics plays such an enormous role.
		Bodybuilders throughout the years have experimented with numerous methods to induce growth in the calves, from jump-roping to wearing crazy shoes to ultra-high reps. Not one, however, has come up with a routine or technique that consistently produces results for the average person.
		Your calves are going to be locked up in rigor mortis, and you'll be walking around on your tippy-toes.
	members.fortunecity.com /bodybuilding_online/calf.htm (979 words)

	Dairy Bull Calves -- Where Do They Go? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Most bull calves born on dairy farms are considered by-products and a commodity to send off the farm as soon as possible.
		Special-fed veal: These calves are fed a milk-basedliquid diet throughout the feeding period of 16 to 20 weeks with finished weights of 400 to 475 pounds.
		Fed dairy-beef steers: Calves are fed milk or milk replacer, grain and limited forage and processed at weights of 1,150 to 1,400 pounds (12 to 15 months of age).
	www.dqacenter.org /quest/96/oct965.htm (1126 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Exercise Guides Database.
		If your feet were to slip off the rack and you don't have the handles locked you can be injured.
		You can also focus on the inner or outer calves by pointing your toes in or out instead of keeping them straight.
		Squeeze your calves, then return to the starting position, stretching as far down as possible.
	www.bodybuilding.com /fun/exercises.php?MainMuscle=Calves (843 words)

	UM Extension: Dairy
		Research Using Standard Diets for Dairy Heifer Calves Results in Very Good Performance to Two Months of Age
		Feeding Strategies for Post-Weaned Dairy Heifers, 2 to 6 months of age (pdf)
		Housing For Newborn to 6 month Old Calves
	www.extension.umn.edu /dairy/management/calves.htm (211 words)

	Sarpy Sam's Ranch Pictures :: Calves
		A horde of calves waiting for their moms to finish eating.
		The calves enjoying a dry spot to lay during a break in the storm.
		Some of the calves on the heifers running and playing while we are feeding hay.
	www.sarpysam.net /gallery/Calves (291 words)

	Progressive Farmer\|Horses & Farm Animals\|Saving Baby Calves
		After the first cows have calved for 10 days, the expecting cows are moved to a new pasture.
		As another group of cows calves, the pregnant cows are again moved to a fresh pasture.
		The key, she says, is to make sure the youngest calves are at least 30 days old before they are exposed to older calves.
	www.progressivefarmer.com /farmer/animals/article/0,24672,1110902,00.html (616 words)

	Calm Calves Have Improved Immunological Response (Site not responding. Last check: )
		OVERTON – Calm-natured calves appear to have a better response to vaccination at weaning than temperamental calves, according to scientists with the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station.
		The calves were grouped based on their "exit velocity," the speed at which they exit a handling chute, and "pen scores," where visual observations about the animal's response to confinement and humans are recorded.
		After the booster shot on the 42nd day, the peak immunological response was delayed in the temperamental calves compared to the calm calves.
	www.csrees.usda.gov /newsroom/lgunews/animals/news007.html (632 words)

	Cow-Calf Corner - Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University (Site not responding. Last check: )
		F was longer for calves with added insulation and those exposed to heat lamps than for the calves in the warm water and warm water plus ethanol treatments (90 and 92 vs 59 and 63, respectively).
		During recovery, the calves rewarmed with the added insulation and heat lamps produced more heat metabolically than the calves rewarmed in warm water.
		Total heat production during recovery was nearly twice as great for the calves with added insulation, exposed to the heat lamps than for calves in warm water and in warm water plus an oral drench of ethanol, respectively.
	www.ansi.okstate.edu /exten/cc-corner/archivehypo.htm (327 words)

	USATODAY.com - USDA to kill 450 calves in mad cow scare (Site not responding. Last check: )
		WASHINGTON (AP) — U.S. agriculture officials have decided to kill 450 calves in a Washington state herd that includes an offspring of the cow diagnosed with mad cow disease.
		Officials decided to kill all month-old calves in the Sunnyside, Wash., herd because they cannot determine which one was born to the infected cow.
		The meat from the calves will not enter the food supply, nor will it be rendered for use in other animal feed or other products, DeHaven said.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2004-01-05-mad-cow-calves_x.htm (477 words)

	Making money on 2001 calves Part 2
		Given the marketing events of the last nine months, marketing your 2001 calves during the current turn-around phase of the cattle cycle has to be the ultimate challenge.
		I prepared an economic analysis in which heavyweight 2001 calves were weaned and sent directly to a growing and finishing lot.
		If these summer-born calves were kept past weaning (mid-January 2002), wintered, and then run on grass in summer 2002, I project a substantial reduction in total herd profits compared to selling at weaning.
	www.beef-mag.com /mag/beef_making_money_calves/index.html (694 words)

	www.milkproduction.com Dystocia calves
		The calves were grouped depending on the amount of assistance the dam received at delivery: Group 1 = no assistance; Group 2 = one person assistance required, not mechanical; Group 3 = two or more people required to assist, and/or mechanical or surgical intervention.
		Group 1 calves had 8 percent deaths; Group 2 calves had 8.5 percent mortality.
		If you are not caring for newborn calves set up a reliable way to find out if a calf had an assisted delivery (dystocia calf).
	www.milkproduction.com /Library/Articles/Dystocia_calves.htm (708 words)

	Labels Changed on Hormone Implants to Indicate That They Are Not Permitted for Use in Veal Calves
		A new warning statement has been added to the labels of all growth-promoting hormones reminding producers and veterinarians that their use in veal calves is illegal.
		While growth-promoting hormones are approved for use in ruminating cattle, they have never been approved for use in non-ruminating veal calves.
		Effectiveness and animal safety in veal calves have not been established.” These statements appear in the “Indications” section and are in addition to the following statements that are also included in the Warning Section: “A withdrawal period has not been established in pre-ruminating calves.
	www.fda.gov /cvm/CVM_Updates/veallabel.htm (332 words)

	PETA Media Center > Factsheets > Veal: A Byproduct of the Cruel Dairy Industry
		Their female calves are slaughtered immediately or used to replace their mothers in the dairy herd, and many male calves suffer a fate that is completely different but no less cruel—one of confinement, darkness, malnutrition, and slaughter.
		Without human intervention, calves suckle from their mothers for nearly a year.(1) One veterinary study revealed that “during natural weaning there is never complete and abrupt abandonment of the calf by the cow.
		Veal calves are forced to spend their short lives in individual crates that are no more than 30 inches wide and 72 inches long.(6) These crates are designed to prohibit exercise and normal muscle growth in order to produce tender “gourmet” veal.
	www.peta.org /mc/factsheet_display.asp?ID=102 (827 words)

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