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Topic: Camelid

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Camel

Lama glama

Lama pacos

Water Buffalo

Beringia

Bering Land Bridge

Native american

Gobi Desert

Ice age

Proterozoic

10000 BC

Lactate dehydrogenase

Llama

Camel

	Trade and Environment Case
		It focuses on the introduction of sheep into the altiplano herding economy, replacing camelids, and is situated at the crossroads of trade, culture, development, and environment.
		Camelids differ from sheep in two ways that make them the appropriate livestock for the altiplano environment.
		The altiplano region has a comparative advantage in the camelid herding industry, The market for specialty fiber is not saturated as the sheep wool market is. The result of a quota on sheep wool exports would be increased competitiveness.
	www.american.edu /TED/camelid.htm (2059 words)

	Camelid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Camelids tend to be large and are strictly herbivorous.
		Camelids are unusual in that their modern distribution is almost a mirror-image of their origin.
		Camelids first appeared very early in the evolution of the even-toed ungulates, around 45 million years ago during the late Eocene, in present-day North America.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Camelid (406 words)

	Origin of SA Camelids
		Instead determination of early camelid domestication at Telarmachay is based upon an increase in the frequency of both camelid and neonatal camelid remains, together with changes in dental morphology.
		Research on camelid behavior has produced contradictory hypotheses concerning llama and alpaca origins, Krumbiegel (1944, 1952) and Steinbacher (1953) argue that the alpaca is the domestic vicuña based on unique shared behavioral traits that are said to differ from those observed in the guanaco and llama.
		In the case of the wild camelids, we need to be sure that we are protecting all genetic variants of each species, and not just increasing the numbers of potentially genetically impoverished subgroups.
	www.rmla.com /origin_of_sa_camelids.htm (4362 words)

	UMass Camelid Studies Program
		Goals of the Camelid Studies Program are to expose undergraduate and graduate students, owners, and practicing veterinarians to the latest techniques in camelid medicine, surgery, reproduction, and management.
		The camelid barn at the University farm is used to house the program’s teaching, research, and breeding herd.
		use of camelid white blood cells to manufacture disease specific immunoglobulins for the treatment of animal and human bacterial, viral, and neoplastic diseases.
	www.umass.edu /vasci/faculty/purdy/CamelidStudiesProgram.htm (406 words)

	CAMELID NUTRITION
		During times of drought, camelids are able to adapt to their environment by reducing intake and decrease transit time of digesta (you do not see this type adaptation in domestic ruminants).
		Camelids have a relatively low protein requirement as they are capable of recycling nitrogen like the ruminant.
		I preface this current presentation on camelid nutrition by explaining to the reader that I have no formal training in nutrition, that I have nothing in the line of camelid nutrition to sell, and that I am open minded as to what might yet be revealed for the nutritional betterment of our buddies.
	www.rmla.com /camelid_nutrition.htm (7319 words)

	Camelid Working Group Status Report - Sept. 2, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Camelids are raised here primarily as fiber producing livestock, breeding stock, pack animals, livestock guardians, and companion animals.
		Camelids are frequently transported for breeding purposes, as a result of ownership change, to and from sales or auctions and to attend shows or other group events.
		Camelid show associations and registries are discussing how they might implement national animal identification requirements and establish protocols that would enable them to record and report necessary information.
	www.lamaregistry.com /cwg040902.htm (1526 words)

	Right Under Our Noses, Alpaca and Llama, Cathy Spalding
		To bring this into further focus, combining the herds of our entire national camelid population results in still fewer animals than there are cattle in most individual counties in the state of Ohio, alone.
		It is important to note that maintaining a resident herd allows veterinary students ongoing work with camelids throughout the years of their veterinary education.
		Without a resident herd, there is often just a short exposure to camelids during a two-week rotation in their senior year.
	www.gentlespiritllamas.com /html/articles/noses/noses1.htm (551 words)

	WSU Week Online
		Tibary is one of the world’s few and highly regarded camelid reproduction specialists, based at WSU’s College of Veterinary Medicine since August 1998.
		Camelid reproduction is particularly tricky because their physiology is completely different from other species, Tibary says.
		Camelids are induced ovulators, which means females don’t ovulate unless they are bred.
	www.wsu.edu /nis/tibary.html (902 words)

	Llamas: Alpacas, Camel, Camelid
		Camelid wool is different than sheep wool in a number of ways.
		Camels and camelids have two toed feet, with a toenail sticking out of the end of each toe.
		Camelids can survive on what would be considered something close to a desert for a sheep.
	www.planet-pets.com /llama1.htm (348 words)

	Recommended Practices
		It is intended as an educational foundation for recommended camelid care and, as such, to provide the basis for continuity and consistency in that care.
		Each camelid caregiver will have his or her practices to assure animal well-being, based on knowledge of the herd individuals, as well as sound husbandry.
		Camelids must never be used for human activities that will inevitably lead to the animal’s trauma and/or death, such as being hunted, used for roping practice, or used as live prey for “ranch” predators.
	www.camelidcare.info /Practices2005FINAL.htm (2846 words)

	Newswise
		And even those trained in large animals may not have encountered camelids, he says, which are very different beasts from their ruminant relatives (cud-chewing creatures with hooves including cattle, goats, sheep and deer).
		Instruction in advanced camelid management will be offered each term, which, in addition to biology and health care, will cover particulars such as fiber harvest techniques and sales.
		Although llamas are mostly used as pack animals in their native Andean stomping grounds of South America, alpacas are primarily valued for their “wool.” Once woven into robes for Inca royalty, the fiber is harvested once a year and is highly sought after in niche markets in the United States and Europe.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/515582 (750 words)

	UNIDO - Trade Capacity Building: Case Studies: Peru
		Almost 80% of the countryÂ’s camelids (comprising llamas and vicuÃ±as) are owned by small herders, the remainder by private companies.
		Many camelid herders are also artisans, who transform both the fibre and the skins.
		Camelid herders are forming groups and sharing their new knowledge with other micro and small enterprises and individual herders.
	www.unido.org /en/doc/27726 (422 words)

	Evans Camelid S/G/L (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Evans Camelid S/G/L is a quality blend of pellets, crimped oats, flaked corn, and extruded nuggets lightly wrapped in molasses and vegetable oil.
		Designed to meet the high demands of cria growth and female gestation and lactation, Evans Camelid S/G/L provides the proper balance of protein, energy, vitamins and minerals for the professional breeding operation.
		Evans Camelid Supplements are formulated to complement grass hay and pasture that tests 10% to 14% protein and 55% to 60% TDN with a potassium level of less than 2.5%.
	www.kentfeeds.com /camelidsgl.html (85 words)

	Pilchuck Veterinary Hospital llama and alpaca page
		Llamas and alpacas are relatives of camels (camelid family).
		Members of the camelid family (camels, llamas, alpacas) are sometimes described as ‘modified’ ruminants because they have three stomachs instead of four.
		They are actually fed and treated very similarly to other ruminants, and are more efficient at using their feed than the rest of the suborder.
	www.pilchuckvet.com /animals/llamas_alpacas.htm (485 words)

	Llamas of Alohallama Forest Ranch: Code of Conduct for the Transfer of Camelids
		To ensure that purchasers/receivers obtain full and appropriate advice on choosing the right camelid for the purpose for which the camelid is being obtained.
		(c) To explain that any male camelid which has been bottle-fed/hand-reared should be castrated at the appropriate age, but that castration might not prevent such problems, as it may not change the character of an animal which has been subjected to such handling.
		To advise purchasers/receivers of a maiden female that female camelids should not be intentionally mated until they have attained at least 60% of their adult weight or be at least eighteen months of age.
	www.alohallama.com /code_of_conduct.htm (712 words)

	Camelid ID News Release
		Camelid Working Group News Release USDA to Roll Out Official NAIS Animal Identification Numbers Later in 2005 Before the end of 2005, livestock producers should be able to obtain animal identification devices bearing official USDA animal identification numbers (AIN) for use in the National Animal Identification System (NAIS).
		The Camelid Working Group (CWG) is charged with helping develop the NAIS for camelids and has not yet submitted official recommendations to USDA regarding ID for use in camelids.
		The camelid ID plan is still under development by the CWG, but input from the llama and alpaca community is needed so a plan can be developed that meets the needs of the camelid industry while satisfying USDA requirements.
	www.scla.us /camelid_id_news_release.html (703 words)

	Alpaca and Llama Training with Respect and Results - CAMELIDynamics
		By 1983, she had begun her lifelong journey to teach others how to handle camelids with respect and results.
		So a halter that is designed to fit high up on the nose bone and stay high up on the nose bone is the only halter your llama or alpaca wants to wear.
		Cammillus, NY "I've just finished reading your Camelid Companion book for about the third time in a week and wanted to contact you to tell you how much I've enjoyed and learned from it.
	www.camelidynamics.com (715 words)

	The Camelid Companion
		The Camelid Companion is the definitive guide to training, handling and managing llamas and alpacas.
		You will learn how to be the kind of person a camelid loves to be around while still accomplishing your management job safely and efficiently.
		Whether you have two llamas or 200 alpacas, The Camelid Companion is for you.
	www.camelidynamics.com /camelidcompanion.html (217 words)

	Right Under Our Noses, Alpaca and Llama, Cathy Spalding
		We, as collective members of the camelid community, have been more than generous in our support and donations to research around the country and likewise, to the International Camelid Institute.
		From a slightly different perspective, it has come as quite a shock to many that with all of the most generous donations made to research and the ICI that there could possibly be any financial crisis for the continued existence of the research/teaching herd.
		The International Camelid Institute (ICI) was initiated to bridge the gap between available scientific camelid information and the people who need access to that information.
	www.gentlespiritllamas.com /html/articles/noses/noses2.htm (629 words)

	Pet Questions and Answers- Intelipet Veterinary Advice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Camelid Veterinary Services, Rare Suri Alpacas and Pacuna(TM) was started 9 years ago providing veterinary services to area llama and alpaca farms.
		Toni Cotton, DVM is one of this countries leading camelid experts having given lectures and seminars nationally and internationally.
		With this experience she and her husband, Gary Cotton, DVM have assembled one of the finest small breeding herds of rare Peruvian Suris in the country.
	www.intelipet.com /NewFiles/camelid.html (203 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Camelids were an extremely important resource in the puna of the Andes, and played a major role in the life of the people.
		By the end of the Preceramic Period, the percentage of camelid bones found at base camps had risen from 70% to about 97%.
		Camelid meat clearly became the main source of protein for humans, camelid bones were in use as tools, and these animals are the most commonly depicted figure in preceramic rock art The vicuna, a deer-sized relative of the llama, is the probably the most important of the camelids in the puna during this time.
	www.stanford.edu /~johnrick/preceram/camelids.html (403 words)

	Camelid Mucoutaneous Fibropapillomas: Clinicopathologic Findings and Association with Papillomavirus -- Schulman et al. ...
		camelid lesions for that time period is not known.
		All the camelid tumors were on the head.
		of the five camelids had recurrence and spread of the tumor.
	www.vetpathology.org /cgi/content/full/40/1/103 (1459 words)

	Camelid Herd Health by Dr. Meredyth Jones, Food Animal Resident - Article Preview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vaccinations--Vaccines are available to camelid herd owners to help prevent tetanus and Cl. Perfringens Type C and D. Parasite Control--Deworming should be done twice a year. Various products are available. Dosage and frequency will depend on the product selected.
		Fighting Teeth--The fourth upper incisor and upper and lower canines, used by males for fighting, need to be trimmed at three years of age and then every two to four years after. Using a standing sedation, the teeth can be sawed off at the gumline by your veterinarian.
		For more information on camelid herd health, consult your veterinarian or contact Dr. Jones at the CVHS Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital by calling (405) 744-6656.
	www.cvm.okstate.edu /applets/iNP/view_printer.asp?ID=90 (261 words)

	Camelid Care
		It was challenging to consider and include camelid living conditions for every corner of North America and practices that can be applied in the wide variety of situations in which llamas and alpacas live!
		Excellent suggestions from veterinary, nutrition, humane agency and camelid breeder experts led to fine tuning that has resulted in these nationally applicable documents.
		Agreement on detail was slow to come, but there has been almost universal expression of the need for such documents and broadly representative approval of their content.
	www.camelidcare.info (316 words)

	(Type a title for your page here)
		The entire document is available as a PDF file on the Internet through: http://www.nass.usda.gov/nh/ =========================================================== Camelid and Cervidae Farms 1997 Census of Agriculture January 11, 2001 This information is being published at the request of grower associations representing farms raising Camelid (llamas and alpacas) and Cervidae animals (deer, elk, etc.).
		We have not made any attempt to estimate for those who did not report Camelid or Cervidae inventory or sales in the Ag Census.
		Camelid There were 148 Camelid (llamas and alpacas) farms in New England on December 31, 1997, with total inventory of 1,888 head.
	www.nass.usda.gov /nh/llamasdeer2.htm (666 words)

	Best Age to Castrate a Male Camelid - Camelidynamics Guild
		I think waiting until a male is 18 months to 2 years old is the best however if the male is becoming aggressive or there are other pressing issues I think it can be done earlier.
		Just read the post on best age to casterate a male camelid which prompted a couple of questions.
		I think that the when and how soon issue of castrating alpacas is a balancing act between behavior, management and practicality.
	www.camelidynamics.com /guildForum/showthread.php?p=375 (644 words)

	Camelid Identification Working Group (CWG) - Surveys
		The USDA has expressed a willingness to consider incorporating currently used methods of permanent identification into the NAIS if that is appropriate and/or feasible.
		The USDA has requested that each working group select ONE method of permanent identification to be applied at a single location on the animal for identification of their species for use in the NAIS.
		According to ARI and ILR records, a majority of microchips currently present in alpacas and llamas are located at the base of an ear or the base of the tail.
	www.camelidid.org /results.html (669 words)

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