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Topic: Camera obscura

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	OCEAN PARK GAZETTE - Santa Monica News
		Before the invention of optics, the camera obscura was simply a dark room with a tiny hole in one side that acted as a lens to project an upside-down image of what's outside onto the wall opposite the pinhole.
		And, while a camera obscura might not be much of a turn-on for video-jaded, 21st-Century computer junkies, it was pretty exciting fare for a public that had just begun to get hooked on short fl-and-white movies in which anything that moved was breathtaking.
		Perhaps it's fitting the camera obscura is secreted in the Senior Center, where one simply has to be old enough to belong, and wise enough to remember when some things were marvels of their time.
	www.oceanparkgazette.org /2004/04mar/camobscura_mar2.htm (1428 words)

	About the Camera Obscura
		The camera obscura, literally "dark room", is a device that makes use of an optical phenomenon in which light rays reverse themselves when they pass through a small aperture.
		As camera obscura technology improved in the 16th century, camera obscuras became portable boxes which incorporated lenses and mirrors, so that the image was reflected onto a viewing surface which was visible outside the box.
		The camera obscura became the prototype for the modern day camera, invented in the first half of the 19th century, which uses light sensitive papers and films in order to preserve the image that is projected.
	www.cs-photo.com /obscura/about.php (577 words)

	Camera_obscura
		The principle of the camera obscura can be demonstrated with a rudimentary type, just a box (which may be room-size) with a hole in one side, (see Pinhole cameras for construction details).
		Some cameras obscura have been built as tourist attractions, often taking the form of a large chamber within a high building that can be darkened so that a 'live' panorama of the world outside is projected onto a horizontal surface through a rotating lens.
		A freestanding room-sized camera obscura used by the art department at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/camera_obscura.html (748 words)

	Amazing Camera Obscura - Home
		Camera Obscura: Being a darkened chamber with an aperture through which images of outside objects are projected onto a viewing surface.
		The pinhole camera obscura phenomenon was observed and recorded as long ago as the fifth century BC in China.
		Until the nineteenth century Camera Obscura were used mainly by scientists, artists or as playthings of the rich.
	amazingcameraobscura.co.uk (241 words)

	Camera Obscura - University of Pretoria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Part of the attraction is a camera obscura, which was completed in 1990 and is open to the public.
		One of the earliest references to the use of a lens in the camera obscura was made by Girolamo Cardano, a professor of mathematics in Milan in the 16th century.
		Despite its shortcomings, the camera obscura was used extensively from the fifteenth century onward by artists as an instrument to copy images on paper.
	www.up.ac.za /academic/discover/camera/obscura.htm (803 words)

	No. 124: Camera Obscura
		Of course no one put film in a camera obscura until the 19th century, but they were made with lenses as early as the 16th century.
		The name camera obscura was given by the astronomer Johann Kepler, who used a fairly complicated lens system to make solar observations with one in 1600.
		In the 17th century the camera obscura was highly refined as an aid to artists, and that's the period when we began to see remarkable improvements in the way painters handled perspective.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi124.htm (482 words)

	Camera Obscura
		The Camera Obscura is a 19th century optical device often used by artists to make quick sketches in the field.
		"Camera Obscura" means "dark room", and the use of a pinhole in a window blind to form an inverted image of an outside scene on an opposite wall of a dark room has been known since at least the time of the Arab scholar Ibn al Hait[h]em (or Alhazen, ca.
		The Camera Obscura below is is in the collection of historical apparatus of the National University of Ireland in Galway.
	physics.kenyon.edu /EarlyApparatus/Optics/Camera_Obscura/Camera_Obscura.html (249 words)

	National Museum Photography, Film & Television - Camera Obscura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For this purpose the most popular form was the reflex box camera obscura in which the lens formed an upright image on a sheet of translucent paper after reflection by an inclined mirror.
		At the beginning of the nineteenth century, when the first photographic experiments were taking place, the camera obscura had evolved into three distinct forms; One form was a darkened room with a lens and mirror in the roof, producing an image on a table within the room.
		It was this this type of camera obscura that eventually lead to the development of the photographic camera when it was used by the inventors of photography, Wedgwood, Niepce, Daguerre and Talbot.
	www.nmsi.ac.uk /nmpft/insight/downloads/cameraobscura.asp (595 words)

	A History of Photography, by Robert Leggat: CAMERA OBSCURA
		It is said that Roger Bacon invented the camera obscura just before the year 1300, but this has never been accepted by scholars; more plausible is the claim that he used one to observe solar eclipses.
		It is said that he made a huge "camera" in which he seated his guests, having arranged for a group of actors to perform outside so that the visitors could observe the images on the wall.
		Thus the camera obscura, as it came to be known, became a popular aid to sketching.
	www.rleggat.com /photohistory/history/cameraob.htm (843 words)

	Camera Obscura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Later the camera obscura was reduced in size until it became a small portable box.
		Later, he used a camera obscura to project an image of the sun directly upon an opposite wall.
		Aidan Campbell, a pop artist, as put forth the proposition that all great artists of the 17th century used a Camera Obscura, in secret, to trace reality onto the canvas and this is why their vivid representations are so perfect.
	www.geog.ucsb.edu /~jeff/115a/history/cameraobscura.html (307 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: The Camera Obscura
		The forerunner of the camera was the Camera Obscura, a dark chamber or room with a hole (later a lens) in one wall through which images of objects outside the room were projected on the opposite wall.
		The camera obscura is frequently associated with the works of Jan Vermeer a Dutch artist, born in 1632, and often called Vermeer van Delft to distinguish him from an earlier Jan Vermeer.
		The principles of the pinhole camera probably date back to the ancient Greeks, but by the 16th century specially constructed portable darkrooms (or camera obscuras which is derived from Italian meaning "room dark" or dark room) were in quite common use by landscape painters.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/CAMERA_OBSCURA.html (6727 words)

	camera obscura - Camera resources for artists
		Vermeer's Camera Literally 'darkened room' a Camera obscura is a box which has a lens at the front.
		Camera Obscura 40-41 Articles by Thomas DiPiero and Rajani Sudan, Molly Anne Rothenberg, Project MUSE - Camera Obscura Feminist perspectives on film, television and visual media.
		Camera Obscura Records To enter the lens of the Camera Obscura you will need to obtain a frames capable browser.
	www.artworksnj.org /camera/camera_obscura.html (774 words)

	Western Neighborhoods Project - Giant Camera
		Around the time that the Giant Camera had been remodeled, Floyd Jennings and Gene Turtle began experimenting with the concept of the camera obscura, including a portable version of the camera, which was documented in LIFE Magazine.
		The camera was not given a demolition notice, but an eviction notice instead, which was a bit of a catch-22 for the camera.
		In the face of this compelling evidence of the importance of the Giant Camera, an overwhelming and ongoing public outcry, and the rejection of the combined Sutro District nomination plan, plans to move or alter the Giant Camera were dropped at the end of 2000.
	www.outsidelands.org /giantcamera.php (1858 words)

	World's Largest Camera Obscura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Light from a brightly lit object outside of the Camera Obscura enters the aperture and is projected as an inverted image of the object on the opposite wall.
		The first recorded use of a Camera Obscura was during the tenth century, when it was used to view solar eclipses.
		During the 19th century, the Camera Obscura was used by artists to project images onto paper where they could be quickly and easily traced.
	www.discoverypark.com /cameraob.html (428 words)

	Camera Obscura
		Camera obscura means, literally, "dark chamber." Many artists used the camera obscura, even before the invention of photography, as an aid in drawing something realistically.
		In a camera obscura, the object is projected upside down on the wall that catches it (see drawing, above).
		The camera obscura at Davis works best if it is used with two blankets: one that covers all but the pinhole side and a folded one on the ground that the camera sits on top of, so that light rays don't get in from where it touches the ground and where we get in.
	www.arts.arizona.edu /are476/Davis/files/CamObs.htm (623 words)

	What is a camera obscura?
		The term "camera obscura" was first used by the German astronomer Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century.
		By the beginning of the 19th century the camera obscura was ready with little or no modification to accept a sheet of light sensitive material to become the photographic camera.
		Older camera obscuras are celebrated as cultural and historic treasures and new camera obscuras are being built around the world.
	brightbytes.com /cosite/what.html (644 words)

	Camera Obscura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Camera Obscura is a device that is used to project an image without the aid of a lens.
		There are many different views as to why Bacon invented the camera, the most recognized by scholars is the first use of the camera was to observe the sun and solar eclipses.
		The Camera Obscura works in a dark room or a box with a hole on one side of it.
	rpsec.usca.sc.edu /Planetarium/CameraOb.html (196 words)

	Camera Obscura: Under Achievers Please Try Harder - PopMatters Music Review
		Camera Obscura are a six-piece Scottish collective that falls somewhere between early Belle and Sebastian and modern-day Trembling Blue Stars.
		Unfortunately, Camera Obscura never quite reach these heights again throughout the course of the record, but there are still highlights aplenty amidst a couple of doses of filler.
		Not having heard the Scottish group's 2002 debut LP, Biggest, Bluest Hi-Fi, it's hard to say whether or not Camera Obscura are growing as a band enough to overcome some of the shortcomings in their work, but they seem like an intelligent lot, and the potential that these songs hint at is considerable.
	www.popmatters.com /music/reviews/c/cameraobscura-underachievers.shtml (637 words)

	Camera Obscura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The earliest cameras obscura used only a pinhole, so that the location of the back wall was not critical.
		John H. Hammond "The Camera Obscura" (Adam Hilger, Bristol; 1981) - a nice little book on the history and existing camera obscura for public viewing in about 1980.
		Book three of the series "Amateur Telescope Making" (1956) has a couple of pages on what they call a camera oabcura, (which is sort of a large view camera) but describes the use of a simple meniscus lens with a stop in front of it (described as a rear landscape lens).
	www.opticsnotes.com /sciopticsfaq/obscura.htm (465 words)

	Camera Obscura Experiment I - The Great Moorman Experiment I
		A benefit incorporating the Polaroid Camera Model 80A into a "Camera Obscura" Experiment is increased precision in determining the aim of Mary Moorman when taking the Moorman #5 photo.
		Placing the camera in the vicinity of the "supposed" position of Mary Moorman, then adding the frosted acetate overlay to the open back of the Polaroid camera one can immediately see if the line of sight corresponds to and aligns too objects within the Moorman #5 photo.
		The camera is placed almost at the same place where the first attempt was done a few months ago.
	www.copweb.be /labo/co2/co2.htm (1217 words)

	The Sky in a Room
		This experiment is suitable also to explain the concept of "camera obscura" and how man has gone from the camera obscura to the photographic camera.
		The camera obscura is simply a dark room, which can have dimension ranging from a few centimeters to many meters.
		In fact, the photographic camera can be considered a camera obscura with a film: a surface sensible to the light, able to record it.
	www.funsci.com /fun3_en/sky/sky.htm (1940 words)

	Camera Obscura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		"The camera obscura was invented by Leonardo da Vinci in the sixteenth century.
		It moves me to tears." As the camera swings around to capture the view across the street from the Cliff House, Warren tells his viewers, "This is the old Playland at the Beach.
		Though located at the Cliff House, the camera obscura was a Playland attraction until they tore the place down in 1972.
	www.sonic.net /~playland/dave.html (1516 words)

	Camera Obscura: Biggest Bluest Hi-Fi - PopMatters Music Review
		Camera Obscura shares the same finger-snapping, guitar-twanging, indie-pop cleverness that makes Belle and Sebastian so loved.
		Camera Obscura is the kind of band that so often grace lovers' mix tapes because they speak without need for ambivalent metaphor or constrained emotion.
		They're a deceptively simple backing band, but right when you think the music is pedestrian, along comes a guitar solo like the one in "Shine Like a New Pin", and you realize that Camera Obscura are more than the sum of their parts.
	www.popmatters.com /music/reviews/c/cameraobscura-biggest.shtml (677 words)

	National Register Landmark 01000522: Camera Obscura in San Francisco
		This dark room, or camera obscura in Latin, illustrates the physics and origin of the modern photographic camera.
		This phenomenon was observed as early as the 5th century BCE in China and was studied by Aristotle, the Arabian scholar Alhazen of Basra, and Leonardo da Vinci among others, particularly as a technique for viewing solar eclipses.
		The complexity of the camera obscura remained at the level of a pin prick in a darkened tent until the 16th century when lenses and mirrors were introduced.
	www.noehill.com /sf/landmarks/nat2001000522.asp (242 words)

	Camera Obscura
		Camera Obscura is not pulling any punches: they're out to rock you so hard you fall onto the dance floor.
		Like a dance party during a tornado watch, Camera Obscura throws caution and moderation out the window in favor of thrilling, adventurous sound combinations.
		Camera Obscura formed in '98 in San Diego, incorporating members of The Shortwave Channel, The Interstate Ten, and Spanakorzo.
	www.epitonic.com /artists/cameraobscura.html (284 words)

	No. 1772: Camera Obscura
		Of course no one put film in a camera until the nineteenth century, but cameras had lenses as early as the sixteenth century.
		The camera itself had been highly sophisticated for two hundred years and just waiting for someone to find a way to record a picture automatically.
		The pinhole camera and camera obscura principle illustrated in 1925, in The Boy Scientist.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi1772.htm (550 words)

	www.myspace.com/cameraobscuraband
		Welcome to Camera Obscura's official myspace which is maintained by the band, well, some of them, most of the band have better things to do, however I have adopted it as my new time-wasting hobby.
		Imagine racing through the streets of Tokyo late at night, a 24 stop-over, the air is warm on your face and the lights of this city remind you that you are alive.
		There is only one divine commandment in the churches of Bloombergshire, 'Thou shall convert your neighbors wife, neighbor's male or female relations, ox, and donkey, or anything that has ears to Camera Obscura music.' If not, thou shall be thrown to the firey pit of american idol.
	myspace.com /cameraobscuraband (1313 words)

	Dirkon - The Paper Camera [pinhole.cz]
		The Dirkon paper camera with its Dirkkor pinhole lens.
		For the patient among you, here are the instructions for making the Dirkon camera which you can download in Adobe PDF format.
		The camera must be cut out of stiffer paper than ordinary office paper (or thin card).
	www.pinhole.cz /en/pinholecameras/dirkon_01.html (583 words)

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