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Topic: Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform

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	Save Ulster from Sodomy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Homosexual acts were decriminalised in England and Wales in 1967 under the Sexual Offences Act 1967.
		In 1974 the Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform (Northern Ireland) was established to campaign to have the act extended to Northern Ireland.
		The campaign was based on his belief that the Bible condemns homosexuality as a sin, which should therefore not be legally acceptable in a state founded on Christian principles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Save_Ulster_from_Sodomy (289 words)

	RTÉ Television
		He was working on restoring his new house on North Great George's street, on a campaign to save the street and maintain it to its original glory, on the case for Homosexual law reform, on the Hirschfield Centre and on his work as an English lecturer.
		Although he had an organising role in many committees and campaigns by the mid 1980's, it wasn't until his friend Mary Robinson asked for his assistance in her campaign to run for the Seanad that David became aware of the existence of the Trinity seats.
		His second campaign in 1982 was almost abandoned because Norris disappeared in the middle of it on a mission that concerned one of his great passions in life, James Joyce.
	www.rte.ie /tv/buried_alive/week5.html (2663 words)

	Gay rights - Wikipedia
		The movement seeks various changes in public perception as well as in law to provide the same rights to homosexuals as are provided to heterosexuals; some of these changes are controversial.
		Today, defending homosexuals against homophobia and gay-bashing and other forms of discrimination is a major element of American gay rights, often portrayed as intrinsic to human rights.
		Sodomy laws were repealed or overturned in most states of the United States in the late twentieth century, and all were ruled unconstitutional in the July 2003 ruling on Lawrence v.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /ga/Gay_liberation.html (890 words)

	Repeal/Reform Sec 377- Law reform as politics
		In this context the experience of law reform by the feminist movement in India as well as the experience of anti sodomy law reform in the USA and Sri Lanka will be examined to see what light they can shed on anti sodomy law reform in India.
		She gives the example of rape law reform and concludes that, ‘the campaign against rape is a classic example of the impact of public pressure on the judiciary.
		For a powerful analysis of the constitutive role that law plays in producing a regime in which gays and lesbians are ultimately encouraged to police themselves and the way in which sodomy laws function as symbolic statements and as threats of criminal punishment and disempower lesbians and gays in a range of contexts.
	www.lines-magazine.org /textfeb04/arvind.htm (3218 words)

	Why War? Keywords: Mary Robinson
		She campaigned on a wide range of causes, from women's right to sit on juries and the requirement that all women upon marriage resign from the civil service, to the right to contraception.
		Ironically, in one of her roles as president, the signing into laws of Bills passed by the Oireachtas [parliament] she was called upon to sign two very significant Bills that she had fought for throughout her political career.
		The woman, who had succeeded her as Reid Professor of Law in Trinity College Dublin, the woman she had succeeded as legal advisor to the Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform, was now the woman succeeding her as to become the eighth president of Ireland, Mary McAleese.
	www.why-war.com /encyclopedia/people/Mary_Robinson (3112 words)

	World History of Sodomy Laws
		These campaigns not only brought the debate about the legal and social constraints on human sexual behaviour into the public arena, but also, by showing that major shifts in public attitudes could be achieved in this way, they provided an inspiration and a model for those campaigning for lesbian and gay emancipation several decades later.
		This Convention does not refer explicitly to homosexuality, and at first the European Court considered that national laws prohibiting homosexual acts regardless of age, privacy or consent came within the scope of the exemption on grounds of the protection of public morals, and therefore did not breach Art.
		Homosexual Conduct" of the Texas State Criminal Code was contrary to the Federal Constitution's guarantees of privacy and equal treatment under the law.
	www.sodomylaws.org /history/history11.htm (4607 words)

	Thailand Law Source: Law and Society
		The discrepancy between the law and ministerial regulations on the books and behavior and practice on the ground is clearly evident in other areas such as gender roles and identity, religion, politics, labor relations and illegal migrant labor, and technology.
		In the past homosexuality was largely identified with the katoey, the feminine-identified male homosexual.
		As yet, there has not been an organized campaign to reform the law to accommodate to the reality of this growing homosexual subculture in Thailand that feels increasingly comfortable with its alternative sexual identity and way of life, however much this may deviate from traditional cultural norms.
	members.tripod.com /asialaw/articles/lawwilliam3.html (1207 words)

	2000 Presidential Candidates Positions on Sodomy Laws
		Gore, Lieberman and Cheney all failed to speak on those sodomy law votes, as recorded in the Congressional Record, so we can’t be sure what motivated their votes, but at least Gore showed improvement on his sodomy law votes from 1981 to 1990.
		Reform Party candidate Pat Buchanan has made numerous and unrelenting attacks on gay people, including this quote from a column in Wall Street Journal, 1/21/93: "Gay rights activists seek to substitute, for laws rooted in Judeo-Christian morality, laws rooted in the secular humanist belief that all consensual sexual acts are morally equal.
		In the 2000 campaign he has made statements in support of civil unions such as created in Vermont, but has no position on sodomy laws on his campaign web site or within the Green Party platform.
	www.sodomylaws.org /usa/usnews16.htm (580 words)

	News from Agape Press
		That change is being trumpeted by homosexual "couples" and those who live together as a triumph for their cause -- but that's not quite true, says a spokesman for one pro-family organization.
		The Human Rights Campaign, the largest pro-homosexual lobby in the United States, is among the groups touting the pension reform and claims a major role in its inclusion of key provisions that benefit the "gay, lesbian, bisexual, trans-sexual" (GLBT) community.
		The CFI spokesman says the new law is an unfortunate acknowledgment that, with a drop in the number of traditional marriages taking place, there is no longer a broad expectation for retirement funds to go to marriage spouses of those who have died.
	headlines.agapepress.org /archive/8/232006a.asp (545 words)

	NYU School of Law - Global Public Service Law Project, LL.M. in Public Service Law
		In 1999-2000 she was a Fellow with the Public Interest Law Initiative in Transitional Societies at Columbia University, and Alternative Report Coordinator for the NGO Coordinating Committee for the Special Session on Women of the General Assembly of the UN.
		She was also involved in a successful campaign to decriminalize consensual homosexual relations in Romania, and more recently she worked with UNAIDS to help develop institutional mechanisms for combating discrimination.
		Currently, he is clinical law professor at the University of Palermo, where he has been involved in impact litigation in the areas of discrimination, and consumer and environmental protection.
	www.law.nyu.edu /programs/globalpublicservice/llm/scholars/2003.html (2184 words)

	Online NewsHour: The Battle Over Same-Sex Marriage -- Unions in Other Nations
		As the United States grapples with the debate over whether gay marriage should be legalized, some countries are in the process of reshaping their laws on the controversial subject, while others have had civil union and marriage laws in place for several years.
		A 1998 law created "registered partnerships" that were open to gay and straight couples and granted health and pension benefits, as well as inheritance and adoption rights, among other allowances.
		While the marriage law initially only allowed couples from countries where gay marriage was legal to marry in Belgium, this stipulation was lifted in February 2004, allowing non-Belgian couples to marry as long as one partner lives in or is a regular visitor to the country.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/law/gay_marriage/unions.html (1455 words)

	Mary Robinson Summary
		She entered the campaign months before the voting, something very unusual in the election to the primarily honorific post, and was not given a serious chance at success by most knowledgeable observers.
		From this body she campaigned on a wide range of liberal issues, including the right of women to sit on juries, the then requirement that all women upon marriage resign from the civil service, and the right to the legal availability of contraception.
		So unpopular was her campaign among fellow politicians that when she introduced the first bill proposing to liberalise the law on contraception into the senate, no other member would agree to 'second' the initiative and so it could not be further discussed.
	www.bookrags.com /Mary_Robinson (4786 words)

	College Application Essays with EssayEdge
		Even though we lost the election, the campaign was an invaluable lesson in creating an effective political message, managing hundreds of volunteers, working in coalition with other campaigns, designing advertising, and fundraising.
		Law school would provide me with the technical skills and professional influence to be more effective in confronting right-wing litigation and initiatives and in designing and advocating for progressive social policy.
		After law school, I envision working for a non-profit organization such as the ACLU Reproductive Freedom Project, or working in government drafting and analyzing reproductive health policy and legislation.
	www.gradschools.com /info/cyberedit/lo_law_4.html (1915 words)

	Votelaw -- Law and Politics
		At the intersection of law and politics: Campaign finance, redistricting, election law and administration, and politicians in legal trouble.
		The website of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law had a copy of a 10 October letter from Executive Director Barbara Arnwine asking members of Congress to kill the bill.
		Election reform has been moving fitfully through Congress since the Bush v Gore mess was resolved in the courts.
	votelaw.blogspot.com /2002_10_06_votelaw_archive.html (908 words)

	GayLawNet - New South Wales Attorney General's Discussion Paper
		In this regard, the law does not treat a homosexual advance if you find one was made by the deceased as an act of provocation to any lesser or greater degree than if he had made a comparable sexual advance upon a woman.
		The law of self-defence is not restricted to the offence of murder.
		Section 23(3) negatives the rule of law that there must be reasonable proportion between the act and the conduct alleged to have provoked the accused, that the act must have been sudden or that the act was done with the intent to kill or inflict grievous bodily harm.
	www.gaylawnet.com /info/panic.html (8405 words)

	OutSmart - This Issue
		Ireland inherited the British laws against homosexuality, which were first put into the criminal courts when Henry VIII took over jurisdiction from the ecclesiastical courts, with the punishment for the crime being death.
		This English law did not extend into Ireland until a Bishop James Aperton decided to exploit antigay sentiment, and successfully campaigned to have the law extended into Ireland.
		The wretched law stayed on the books for centuries, the punishment being reduced to life imprisonment in 1861 (which, in modified form, was the law under which Oscar Wilde was sentenced).
	www.outsmartmagazine.com /issue/i04-01/irish.html (1503 words)

	Knitting Circle Homosexual Law Reform Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It called for reform of the law and was signed by 33 distinguished people including Lord Atlee, A. Ayer, Bertrand Russell, and Angus Wilson.
		Andrew Hallidie Smith circulated the pamphlet Homosexuals and the Law, which was mainly drafted by Peter Wildeblood, to MPs in preparation for their first debate on the Wolfenden Report in November 1958.
		The most dramatic period of the history of the HLRS was during the campaign which led to the passing of the 1967 Sexual Offences Act.
	www.knittingcircle.org.uk /hlrs.html (831 words)

	History of Ireland - Irish Nationalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A campaign under lawyer and politician Daniel O'Connell led to the conceding of Catholic Emancipation in 1829, thus allowing Catholics to sit in parliament.
		In particular, both the law and social tradition provided for subdivision of land, with all sons inheriting equal shares in a farm, meaning that farms became so small that only one crop, potatoes, could be grown in sufficient amounts to feed a family.
		The actual division was over the role of the Crown in the Treaty settlement; in particular an Oath of Allegiance 'to the Irish Free State by law established' which promised fidelity to King George V as part of the Treaty settlement.
	www.irish-nationalism.net /forum/showthread.php?t=827 (3977 words)

	Buying (Anti) Family Law - A Booming Business in America
		Campaign contributions drive all legislation, and the Divorce Industry has certainly "taken good care of their friends" within the Federal and State Legislatures that continue to implement laws at are "Industry Friendly."
		This one reform in Family Law will "on day-1 of implementation" eliminate the vast majority of contentious divorces, and will in fact, lead to a reduction in divorces as "Presumption of Shared-Parenting" eliminates the many "financial incentives" which are so much a part of the lure built-in to the vile system of the Divorce Industry.
		Glenn L. Eckles is a Family Law Reform Activist, and Former resident of Maryland, where his children are systematically denied their fathers.
	fathersforvirginia.org /articles2005/buyingfamilylaw.htm (1731 words)

	Texas anti-sodomy laws Lawrence v. Texas
		The state of Texas argued that the law is constitutional because it: "furthers the state’s longstanding moral disapproval of homosexual conduct and the deterrence of such immoral sexual activity.
		Texas case is [to combat] laws that act as legal obstacles to homosexuals right now, such as the Defense of Marriage Act, 'Don't ask, don't tell' and laws that prevent [their] adoption of children.
		These laws are an affront to equality, invade the most private sphere of adult life and harm gay people in many ways....These laws are widely used to justify discrimination against gay people in everyday life.
	www.religioustolerance.org /hom_laws4.htm (2330 words)

	Internet Resource Guide:Family Law Resources
		Pathways for Children: A review of children’s representation in family law (Family Law Council): commentary, analysis and background in particular on the rights and capacities of children to have their say in family law proceedings, released on 18 November 2004
		Reforms to the family law system (Media release, Prime Minister, 29 July 2004): proposes the establishment of Family Relationship Centres, rather than a Families Tribunal, as previously proposed by the Standing Committee on Family and Community Affairs.
		Law reform by frozen chook: family law reform for the new millennium?
	www.aph.gov.au /library/intguide/law/famlaw.htm (1672 words)

	Gay and Lesbian Humanist – Unfinished Business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is 40 years this month, December, since I became secretary of the Homosexual Law Reform Society and of the Albany Trust (a charity set up alongside the HLRS to carry out research, education and counselling).
		I hoped that law reform would be the prelude to much more balanced sex education generally and greater social integration for gay men and women.
		They were unfriendly even to the emergence of such a respectable, middle-of-the-road representative organisation as the Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE), and positively hostile to the exuberant flamboyance of the Gay Liberation Front when it erupted in the early 1970s.
	www.galha.org /glh/222/campaigning.html (815 words)

	The Marriage Law Project at The Catholic University of America
		An Oregon gay-rights group filed an election law complaint Monday against certain practices in the initiative petition drive to place a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage on the November ballot.
		As it turns out, 1989 - the year in which gay-marriage campaigners filed their first legal challenge to the existing marriage laws - is something of a tipping point in marriage statistics as well.
		Maybe American homosexuals, unlike their Dutch brothers and sisters, are eager to march down the isle in record numbers.
	marriagelaw.cua.edu /News/news2004/062904.cfm (2939 words)

	The New York Law Journal - Conversation With Ivan Dominguez
		It's really taking the research skills I learned in law school and as a commercial litigator and transferring it to the public interest arena.
		Through the reform Jewish youth movement, I had an opportunity to plan conclaves on cult awareness.
		We armed the kids with knowledge by talking about the various ways they could be drawn into cults, and we focused on keeping close to the ones you love.
	www.law.com /jsp/nylj/PubArticleNY.jsp?id=1112864713272 (718 words)

	Ian Paisley Summary
		Even though no IRA threat materialised in Belfast, and despite it becoming clear that the IRA's activities during the Border Campaign were to be limited to the border areas, Ulster Protestant Action remained in being, (the UPA was to later become the Protestant Unionist Party in 1966).
		Paisley's campaign sought to prevent the extension to Northern Ireland of the Sexual Offences Act 1967 which had decriminalised homosexual acts between males over 21 years of age in England and Wales.
		The campaign failed when legislation was passed in 1982 as a result of the previous year's ruling by the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Dudgeon v.
	www.bookrags.com /Ian_Paisley (5578 words)

	Homosexual Law Reform Retrospective - Resources - Lesbian & Gay Archives of New Zealand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Male homosexuality in New Zealand was decriminalised when the Homosexual Law Reform Act was passed in 1986.
		Issue No. 10 (June 1996) was the 10th Anniversary of Law Reform Commemorative Issue.
		Key Events in the Homosexual Law Reform Campaign and Events Leading Up to Reform
	www.laganz.org.nz /resources/lawreform.html (109 words)

	Hidden identity \| Phillip Adams \| The Australian
		Though White made no secret of his homosexuality – living in holy unwedlock with Manoly Lascaris – he rarely advertised it in his fiction.
		Poofter-bashing was just one of the techniques then employed by the Australian constabulary, or “lily law” as gay men describe them.
		I know this from asking them to campaign for homosexual law reform in the 1970s – following legislative changes in the UK.
	www.theaustralian.news.com.au /story/0,20867,20815676-12272,00.html (859 words)

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