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Topic: Canadian War Memorials

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	War Artists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Canada's first official war art program, known as the Canadian War Memorials Fund, was established by Lords Beaverbrook (Max AITKEN) and Rothermere under the aegis of the Canadian War Records Office of the Canadian Army during WWI.
		The whole experience of painting the landscape in France and Flanders, of viewing the war scenes produced by British modernists, and of having some involvement with major art critics, patrons, and gallery officials, was a crucial factor in elevating the art of the Ontario Group of Seven and its followers to national status.
		On a smaller scale than the Canadian War Memorials Fund - only 32 artists were given war artist commissions - the record nevertheless included Canadian activities in N Africa, off the Alaskan coast at Kiska, in the N Atlantic and the Pacific, as well as in Canada, Britain and Europe.
	www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0008436 (764 words)

	War Artists from the First World War: The Canadian War Memorials Fund
		The Canadian War Records Office (CWRO) was established by Beaverbrook in London as a way of documenting Canadian activities during the war and bringing those activities to the attention of the Canadian and British public.
		Primarily the CWRO’s purpose was to garner support for the war and to encourage volunteers to join the Canadian forces.
		The creation of CWMF was not the beginning of war artistry as many artists from the fighting armies sketched for reconnaissance purposes or just to while away the time.
	www.archives.gov.on.ca /english/exhibits/war_artists/fund.htm (805 words)

	Memorials to Canadians' Achievements & Sacrifices - Veterans Affairs Canada
		Canada remembers her war dead in the hearts and minds of her people, in the places where they lived and served, in cemeteries and on memorials where they are buried or commemorated.
		The memorials were constructed on principal battlefields and in the geographical areas of importance in wartime.
		In May 2000, the remains of an unidentified Canadian soldier who died in the First World War were repatriated from France and with great ceremony were buried in a special tomb in front of the National War Memorial in Ottawa.
	www.vac-acc.gc.ca /general/sub.cfm?source=memorials (468 words)

	War Artists from the First World War: The Burlington House Exhibit
		The Canadian War Memorials Fund fonds (C 334) held by the Archives of Ontario consists of an incomplete set of prints (one of each of a limited number printed) that were in the Canadian War Memorials Exhibition held on the 4th of January at Burlington House, Piccadilly, London in 1919.
		Lieutenant de Witt (6th Canadian Siege Battery) was one of the official war artists attached to the Canadian War Records Office as were Lieutenants Barraud and Russell; the artist Caroline Armington was born in Brampton, Ontario and had been resident in Paris since 1900 remaining in France until her death in 1939.
		But there is no doubt that the work of the Canadian artists such as Jackson with 35 oil panels and Varley's large canvases were well received and their standing as artists increased both within Britain and in Canada as a result of their efforts.
	www.archives.gov.on.ca /english/exhibits/war_artists/burlington.htm (1125 words)

	Learn more about World War I in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Britain's declaration of war against Germany (August 4) was officially the result not of her understandings with France and Russia (Britain was technically allied to neither power), but of Germany's invasion of Belgium, whose independence Britain had guaranteed to uphold (1839), and which stood astride the planned German route for invasion of Russia's ally France.
		Although the First World War led to the development of air forces, tanks, and new tactics (like the Rolling barrage and Crossfire), much of the action took place in the trenches, where thousands died for each square metre of land gained.
		The First World War also saw the use of chemical warfare, and aerial bombardment, both of which had been outlawed under the 1909 Hague Convention.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /w/wo/world_war_i.html (3799 words)

	Juno Beach Centre -
		Canadian War Museum - The Canadian War Museum in Ottawa is "dedicated to both education and remembrance." The Gallery Tour takes you through the Colonial Period, the Victorian Era, the First and Second World Wars, right up to modern-day Canadian peacekeeping missions.
		Commonwealth War Graves Commission - The British Commonwealth War Graves Commission, established by Royal Charter in 1917, marks and maintains the graves of the members of the forces of the Commonwealth who were killed in the two world wars, builds memorials to those who have no known grave, and maintains records and registers.
		Memorial Pegasus - Inaugurated on 4th June 2000 by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, the Memorial Pegasus is dedicated to the men of the 6th Airborne Division and their heroic actions during the Battle of Normandy 1944.
	www.junobeach.org /Centre/english/Links/links.html (1987 words)

	Civilization.ca - Media (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Canvas of War: Masterpieces from the Canadian War Museum is the most significant exhibition ever mounted from the Canadian War Museum's extensive but little-known war art collection.
		The Canadian War Memorials Fund led to the founding of the Canadian War Records programme during the Second World War.
		Canvas of War: Masterpieces from the Canadian War Museum will be on display in The Gallery at the Canadian Museum of Civilization until January 7, 2001.
	www.vmnf.civilization.ca /media/show_pr_e.asp?ID=211 (756 words)

	Mnemographia Canadensis - Works Cited
		The Gay]Grey Moose: Essays on the Ecologies and Mythologies of Canadian Poetry, 1690-1990.
		Gloomy Memories in the Highlands of Scotland: Versus Mrs.
		Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Sunny Memories in (England) a Foreign Land; or a Faithful Picture of the Extirpation of the Celtic Race from the Highlands of Scotland.
	www.canadianpoetry.ca /architexts/mnemographia_canadensis/works_cited.htm (5773 words)

	Canadian First World War Memorials in Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Canadians who served abroad in the First World War numbered 619,636 and, of these, 66,655 gave their lives.
		Their names are inscribed on memorials in Canada and Europe, including 11,285 on the Vimy Memorial, and 6,994 on the Commonwealth Memorial at the Menin Gate in Ypres.
		Two of these, Vimy and Beaumont Hamel, were also used by the Imperial (now Commonwealth) War Graves Commission to commemorate the names of those whom the fortunes of war denied a known and honoured grave.
	www.cdli.ca /beaumont/europe.htm (199 words)

	Remembrance websites - Australian Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health
		The Australian War Memorial was envisaged from its inception as being far more than a shrine; it is a museum, housing an outstanding and diverse collection of material relating to the Australian experience of war; and a research centre holding official and unofficial diaries, documents and papers.
		It is one of the principle War Memorials in New Zealand.
		Its principle objective is to perpetuate the memory, courage and comradeship of those, on all sides, who served their country in France and Flanders.
	www.acpmh.unimelb.edu.au /sitesToVisit/remembrance.html (527 words)

	Art Gallery of Nova Scotia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Always a Canadian at heart, Beaverbrook's genuine nationalist fervour contributed to his decision in 1916 to initiate and take personal responsibility for a project to record the war from Canada's point of view.
		A single event, the horrific German gas attack on the Canadians during the Second Battle of Ypres in April and May 1915, convinced him that the war should also be documented by art.
		Walker and Brown of the Canadian War Artists Advisory Committee also included two other aspects of the conflict in the artistic record of the war: women and the home front.
	www.agns.gov.ns.ca /exhibitions/2caw.htm (2284 words)

	Canvas of War: Masterpieces from the Canadian War Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Canvas of War: Masterpieces from the Canadian War Museum is the largest exhibition ever mounted from the Museum’s extensive war art collection.
		While many of the artists were sent to the French and Belgian front lines to sketch Canadians in battle, others painted scenes of the home front to give a full picture of the war effort.
		Canvas of War: Masterpieces from the Canadian War Museum has been organized and circulated by the Canadian War Museum and the Canadian Museum of Civilization.
	www.wag.mb.ca /whatson/exhibition/CanvasOfWar.htm (667 words)

	Bulletin 6, Orpen Portraits in the Canadian War Memorials Collection by Robert F. Wodehouse Curator of War Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The choice by Lord Beaverbrook of Major William Orpen, Army Service Corps, to paint these portraits for his scheme for the Canadian War Memorials was an obvious one, as even before 1914 Orpen was one of the leading artists of his day.
		The portraits of the six generals comprise a group of some historical importance, for it marks the first time that all four divisions in the field together with the Canadian Corps itself were commanded by native-born Canadians, Three of them, Burstall, Loomis and Watson, came from the province of Quebec, either Quebec city or Sherbrooke.
		After the war, he became senior ADC to Lord Byng and a succession of Governors General and was a well-known figure in Ottawa until his retirement from the army.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /bulletin/num6/wodehouse1.html (1064 words)

	Military History - Resource Centre - Operation Dialogue
		A section of the Canadian War Museum An exhibition of masterpeices inspired by wars.
		A paper of the Canadian War Museum on the sculptures on the Vimy Memorial in Northern France that commemorates the sacrifice of Canadian soldiers to gain control of a ridge that overlooked the whole region.
		Canadian D-Day veterans photographed in Normandy, during the fiftieth anniversary of D-Day.
	www.operation-dialogue.com /e/rc/h_military.html (857 words)

	Aftermath: Newsclips - Art of War, grim, moving
		Certainly not Canada’s war artists, who were hired by the Canadian War Memorials Fund, founded by newspaper baron Lord Beaverbrook, and sent to the French and Belgian front lines to sketch Canadians in battle.
		As a second-generation Canadian — my parents immigrated from war-starved Holland in the 1950s — I was struck by the sacrifice and courage of Canadian soldiers, sailors and airmen, and the horrors they faced.
		Admission is free for veterans for the duration of the show, and for military personnel and their families from June 28 to July 1.
	www.aftermathww1.com /artofwar.asp (354 words)

	canadian memorial war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Tomb of the Unknown Soldier - Canadian War Memorial
		Depicts the complete history of Canada's Air Forces from World War I onward, and is dedicated to the memory of Canadian airmen and airwomen who paid...
		Dedicated to promoting the health and well-being of Canadian veterans and providing programs and services to those veterans, civilians and their...
	memorial.worth4.info /canadian-memorial-war (573 words)

	Important Moments in the History of Canadian Visual Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		War art is first publicly shown at the Canadian War Memorials Exhibition.
		Canadian Forum is first published, with plans to cover the visual arts.
		Carr becomes the first Canadian woman artist to achieve national recognition when her work is included in Marius Barbeau and Eric Brown's exhibition of Canadian West Coast Art, Native and Modern, in the National Gallery.
	www.ouc.bc.ca /fiar/1918_45.html (1909 words)

	Remembering Canada's Great War Artists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		It was the first conflict in which Canadian servicemen fought under the Canadian Ensign and not the Union Jack.
		Under the aegis of the Canadian War Memorials Fund, a private enterprise founded in 1916 by Lord Beaverbrook, they finally received commissions to record their war experiences on canvas.
		Before the war, Canadian art reflected Canada in the throes of becoming a domesticated, civilized, colonized nation.
	www.mcmichael.com /press/press-battle_lines.htm (766 words)

	Canadian War Memorials Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This gallery features a selection of 19 images of Canadian War Memorials that I photographed in trips across Canada in 1988 - 1990.
		Note that there is are separate galleries for the cities of Toronto, Ottawa and Montreal, and the province of Ontario.
		Humour aside, the galleries on Canadian war veterans and their memorials is an attempt to provoke an interest in our country's history.
	www.harrypalmergallery.ab.ca /galwarcan/galwarcan.html (94 words)

	Canada and North America (British Empire & Commonwealth Land Forces)
		War of 1812: taking advantage of British embroilment in the war against Napoleon, the United States declared war and invaded Canada; the war was a stalemate
		First World War: British declaration of war on Germany automatically involved Canada and the rest of the Empire; the Canadian war effort won Canada a greater degree of autonomy from Britain and a modest role in the peace process, but resulting Franco-English tensions in Canada produced a country reluctant to take on international responsibilities
		Canadian Forces Museums, by DND Directorate of History and Heritage.
	www.regiments.org /nations/namerica/canada.htm (1910 words)

	Gloucestershire War Memorials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		War Memorials, covering both World Wars and earlier and later conflicts, can be found throughout Gloucestershire.
		The memorials also sometimes record the names of those from outside the area.
		At King's Stanley for example, the memorial includes men who fought for the Canadian and New Zealand armed forces in the First World War.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /flight/warmemorial.html (136 words)

	Ernest Fosbery
		Ernest George Fosbery well-known Canadian portrait painter and a former president of the Royal Canadian Academy, died yesterday in Cowansville, Québec.
		He served with the Canadian Grenadier Guards during the First World War, was wounded and mentioned in dispatches.
		Fosbery became an associate of the Royal Canadian Academy in 1912, a member in 1929, and was elected the academy’s president in 1943, 1944, 1945 and 1946.
	members.tripod.com /~FOSBERY/Ernest.html (712 words)

	Grief and Loss Resource Centre
		Memorial For the Captain and Crew of the Bonnie Lou II: Commemorates the March 1988 loss of the "Bonnie Lou II" out of Sambro, Nova Scotia.
		Other Memorial Pages Of Note: A site to honour the memories, grief and loss of the victims of air, land, space and marine tragedies; victims of AIDS and famine/disease; etc.
		War Memorials: To honour and remember those who served and sacrificed their lives and the innocent victims of war's cruelty including The Holocaust and Peacekeepers.
	www.rockies.net /~spirit/grief/grief.html (500 words)

	canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Veterans Affairs Canada Recognizing and honouring the sacrifices of Canada's veterans and all Canadian citizens during war.
		War Memorials The pages linked here honour those who sacrificed their lives serving their countries and humanity during war and in peace - especially in peacekeeping.
		It is intended to be a place to honour the memories, the sacrifices, and the loss.
	www.pitt.edu /~pugachev/greatwar/canada.htm (324 words)

	[No title]
		This page is dedicated to the fascinating art and artists of World War I as well as the art and artists who have been inspired by the multiple holocausts of this global conflict.
		A wonderful on-line exhibition of a previously little known Canadian female artist who toured the western front just after the end of hostilities painting what she saw.
		This is not surprising since the British War Memorials Committee intended that his painting would be the centerpiece for a proposed 'Hall of Remembrance'.
	www.angelfire.com /ca/hmhsllandoverycastle/worldwar1.html (567 words)

	The Canadian Virtual War Memorial - Veterans Affairs Canada
		The purpose of the Canadian Virtual War Memorial is to recognize and keep alive the memory of the achievements and sacrifices made by those who served Canada in the defence of freedom and so have contributed to the development of Canada as a nation.
		If you are seeking a list of the names of those who died on a specific date(s), or who have served with a specific unit, please use our Advanced Search.
		Funds to employ young Canadians on this project were provided by Canada's Digital Collections program, Industry Canada.
	www.vac-acc.gc.ca /general/sub.cfm?source=collections/virtualmem (419 words)

	1914-18 war - Art of the First World War - 47 - Paul Nash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Produced for the Canadian War Memorial, this painting is reminiscent of the work of Vallotton, in spite of the difference in the two painters' ages, training and experience of the war.
		In this commemorative picture, Nash combines figurative elements - mainly tree trunks, barbed wire and the dark entrance to a dugout - with geometrical elements - now curved, like craters and smoke etc., now angular, like the explosion, parapets and wooden frames.
		However, faced with a monumental format, Nash introduces a further element, with the brutality of his earthy colours, the muddy grey-browns, the red of the barbed wire and the whitish lights, forming sharp contrasts against the backdrop of an opaque sky.
	www.art-ww1.com /gb/texte/047text.html (158 words)

	The Canadian War Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The project to paint Canada in the First World War is called the Canadian War Memorials Programme.
		Of the Canadians artists who were commissioned to paint for Canada, two happened to be enlisted in the army, A.Y. Jackson and Frederick H. Varley, later members of the Group of Seven.
		In the Second World War, Canadian artists were exclusively called upon and commissioned to paint for The Canadian War Records Programme.
	www.virtualmuseum.ca /Exhibitions/Canadiana/Enhigh/content/institut/7/mushome.htm (201 words)

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