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Topic: Canadian aspen forests and parklands

	Plantwatch - Plants
		Aspen poplar is the tree with the greatest geographic distribution in North America.
		Forest fire is an important element in the establishment and maintenance of aspen stands.
		Aspen poplar forests appear to be stable communities that dominate large areas of the landscape.
	plantwatch.sunsite.ualberta.ca /plants/asp_pop.php (2370 words)

	Manitoba - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Between the prairie and the mixed-wood forest are the parklands, where small prairie tracts are mingled with wooded areas containing aspen, birch, and poplar.
		Because poor, sandy soils were encountered in the forests to the east and north, the main thrust of settlement was westward and to the south.
		Canadian annexation of the northwestern territory was strenuously and violently opposed by the Métis, descendants of mixed indigenous and European ancestry.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761559392__1/Manitoba.html (7173 words)

	Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Heaths and Pasture are, respectively, low shrublands and grasslands where forest growth is hindered by human activity, not climate.
		Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests · Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests · Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests · Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests · Temperate coniferous forests · Boreal forests/taiga ·Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands ·
		Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands · Flooded grasslands and savannas · Montane grasslands and shrublands · Tundra ·Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub · Deserts and xeric shrublands · Mangrove
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands (227 words)

	AllRefer - Species: Bigtooth Aspen \| Populus grandidentata > Species:
		Aspen roots persist an undetermined length of time in the absence of canopy aspen, making it possible for aspen to regenerate in a stand in which aspen was not even represented in the prefire overstory [44].
		Although quaking aspen is the principal tree in aspen parklands [24], bigtooth aspen occurs in the prairie-forest edge in Minnesota [19].
		Aspen commonly occurs in areas that frequently burn, such as large uplands areas distant from water and upwind of natural fire breaks such as lakes [23].
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/plants/tree/popgra/all.html (5668 words)

	AllRefer - Species: Quaking Aspen \| Populus tremuloides > Fire effects
		Even when quaking aspen is not killed outright by fire, the bole may be sufficiently damaged to permit the entrance of wood-rotting fungi [94].
		Prescriptions: Aspen parkland and northern forest - Bailey [174,175] found that in Alberta, prescribed burning in quaking aspen forests and parklands in spring was usually not successful above relative humidity of 35 to 40 percent.
		Bailey and Anderson [173] reported that in central Alberta, quaking aspen forest in a grassland-shrub-quaking aspen forest mosaic was the most difficult of the three vegetation types to prescribe burn.
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/plants/tree/poptre/fire-effects.html (2200 words)

	Alberta - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The forested region of northern Alberta is drained by the Peace and Athabasca rivers, which form part of the Mackenzie River system and flow northward to the Arctic Ocean.
		South and east of the coniferous forests is a mixed-wood region, where aspen and poplar predominate but spruce and jack pine are also found.
		South of the mixed-wood region is the parkland belt, an area of tall grass with scattered groves of trees, mainly aspen and poplar.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /text_761552877___32/Alberta.html (1726 words)

	Canadian Aspen forests and parklands - Encyclopedia of Earth
		This ecoregion stretches in an arc from the Manitoba/North Dakota border in the east to central Alberta in the west with a disjunct occurrence in northwestern Alberta crossing the British Columbia border in the Peace River area.
		Porcupine Forest, Bronson Forest and Nisbet Forest in Saskatchewan
		The Canadian Aspen Forest and Parklands weave across four Canadian provinces and encompass eight terrestrial ecoregions: the Peace Lowland, Western Boreal, Boreal Transition, Interlake Plain, Aspen Parkland, and Southwest Manitoba Uplands.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Canadian_Aspen_forests_and_parklands (1157 words)

	Biogeography of Quaking Aspen
		Aspen prefer cool, relatively dry summers with lots of sun, and winters with abundant snow (precipitation from 15-40 inches/year) that recharges soil for growth during spring and early summer.
		Aspen are found on a broad array of soils, from shallow skeletal soils on bedrock to deep well-developed, nutrient rich soil (Alban 1991; Mueggler 1984).
		In the U.S., aspen comprise 25% of the commercial forests in Colorado and Utah (Jacobi 1998).
	bss.sfsu.edu /geog/bholzman/courses/fall99projects/aspen.htm (4359 words)

	Canada's Tree Regions (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The northern fridge of the boreal forest merges with the tundra.
		forest is an interior ‘wet belt’ rain forest region merging with the other three sub-forest regions species on the coast and lower elevations.
		Trembling aspen, balsam poplar, choke cherry and willows are dominant species with mixtures of white spruce, jack pine, tamarack, and white birch.
	www.evolutioncafe.net /a1.htm (1039 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Canadian Aspen forests and parklands (NA0802)
		Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Canadian Aspen forests and parklands (NA0802)
		The Canadian Aspen Forest and Parklands ecoregion is one of the largest boreal-grassland transitions in the world.
		The Canadian Aspen Forest and Parklands ecoregion contains many types of ecosystems, including: the Peace lowland, along the Peace River near the British Columbia border; western boreal forest; boreal/grassland transition; interlake plain; aspen parkland, and southwest Manitoba uplands.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/na/na0802.html (368 words)

	Conservation Ecology: Monitoring current status of and trends in boreal forest land use in Russian Karelia
		We characterize the boreal forest landscape in the region and assess the impacts of past and potential management actions through a mapping and modeling study that synthesizes methods from landscape ecology, remote sensing, and simulation modeling.
		The percent of old forest overall and in the RMZ under the various management scenarios at 10, 50, and 100 yr are summarized in Table 2.
		From these initial relatively small and isolated young forest patches, we expect mean patch size first to increase as the blocks begin to coalesce and then start to decrease at the threshold at which the last small, isolated old forest fragments in the regularly managed zone, e.g., tree islands surrounded by mire, start to disappear.
	www.ecologyandsociety.org /vol7/iss2/art8/inline.html (9624 words)

	ECS: Aspen Parklands Subsection: Minnesota DNR
		This subsection is part of a low, level lake plain (Glacial Lake Agassiz) occupied by extensive forested peatlands to the east and tallgrass prairie to the west.
		The Aspen Parklands Subsection in Minnesota is the southern end of the parkland landscape, which is more extensive to the north and west in the Canadian provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta.
		Presettlement vegetation consisted of a combination of aspen savanna, tallgrass prairie, wet prairie, and dry gravel prairie (on gravelly beach ridges).
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /ecs/223Na/index.html (630 words)

	BirdWeb - Ecoregion Detail
		A transition zone at the lower edge has steppe vegetation on dry slopes and fingers of ponderosa pines extending along drainage courses, and is succeeded in the foothills by open ponderosa pine forest with an understory of grasses and shrubs.
		Bogs, fens, and forested wetlands ("spruce bottoms") are among the wetland types.
		Ponderosa pine forests have been logged selectively, resulting in the removal of a large proportion of mature trees.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/birding_sites_list.aspx?id=6&emphasis=site (723 words)

	The Case of the Disappearing Ducks - National Wildlife Magazine
		Butterworth's perplexity stems from a troubling decline in several species of scaup and scoters--diving ducks that nest in the boreal forest in the summer and were once extremely abundant.
		Although largely unknown outside of northern latitudes, the wetland-stippled network of spruce and aspen that comprises the boreal forest is the world's largest terrestrial ecosystem.
		The boreal forest is also a hotbed of waterfowl brooding activity, running a close second to the prairie pothole region of the northern Great Plains for the title of the continent's biggest duck factory.
	www.nwf.org /nationalwildlife/article.cfm?articleId=470 (2157 words)

	Saskatchewan Canada recreation family vacation travel tourism attractions
		The Province of Saskatchewan is situated in the Canadian West.
		Half the province is covered by forest, one-third is improved farmland in the southern Great Plains and parklands, and one-eighth is fresh water, mostly in northern region.
		Hike through a forest on a misty morning, horseback ride across the open range, spend a quiet day at the beach or even fly over picturesque lakes to renowned fishing camps.
	www.recreationsaskatchewan.com (371 words)

	Acadia National Park - Management Documents - UPGRADE WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM AT SEAWALL CAMPGROUND (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although several species of wildlife, particularly those associated with forests and meadows, may reside in or near the project area, the actions evaluated in this EA would be undertaken in previously disturbed areas adjacent to Seawall Campground and Seawall Road, which are subject to high visitor and vehicular traffic.
		Approximately 0.3 acre of additional meadow may succeed into forested habitat representing a small percentage of meadow and early successional habitat that currently exists in and adjacent to project area (approximately 13 acres).
		Forest fires and maintenance practices, including maintenance of clearings and road edges, have affected meadows and early successional habitats most dramatically by NPS personnel.
	www.nps.gov /acad/swleach.htm (10146 words)

	Paleocommunities of the Colorado Plateau (Site not responding. Last check: )
		From Pleistocene to modern, note the great contraction of alpine tundra and spruce-fir boreal forests in the southern Rockies, and the elimination of pluvial lakes that once filled large areas in the Great Basin region west of the Plateau.
		Areas that are today extensive ponderosa parklands and woodlands were thickly-forested with a mixed assortment of different conifers well into the early Holocene.
		In what must be considered a remarkably short time ecologically, ponderosa pine has expanded its range from the Mexican highlands to the Canadian border, and is now the dominant large conifer of the Colorado Plateau.
	www.cpluhna.nau.edu /Biota/paleocommunities.htm (2458 words)

	EPA : Global Warming : Impacts Bibliography
		Predicting the impact of climate change on the spatial pattern of freshwater fish yield capability in eastern Canadian lakes.
		Potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of forest defoliators under climate change.
		Forest defoliators and climatic change: potential changes in spatial distribution of outbreaks of western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae).
	yosemite.epa.gov /OAR/globalwarming.nsf/webprintview/ImpactsImpactsBibliography.html (2293 words)

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