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Topic: Canal Zone

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	the panama canal panama
		The canal was completed in ten years at a cost of $352 million, four times the price of Suez, with 5,609 lives lost to disease and accidents.
		The canal and the military bases, it was agreed, would be handed over to Panama over a period of more than 20 years, culminating with the transfer of the waterway at noon on December 31, 1999.
		Canal traffic is expected to double in the next 50 years, and cargo tonnage is predicted to quadruple in that time.
	www.worldheadquarters.com /panama/destinations/panama_canal (1959 words)

	"The Panama Canal : A Brief History", paper by Tyler Jones
		Roosevelt visited the zone for the first time, and diseases that ran rampant through the canal zone began to be distinctly reduced in occurrence.
		The width of the canal was increased to 300 feet (from 200 feet), and the size of the locks to be used was increased by 15 feet (95 to 110 feet).
		The canal had to be dug out of the largest mountain in the path, which was one of the smallest mountain on the isthmus.
	www.june29.com /Tyler/nonfiction/pan2.html (3387 words)

	Panama Canal Zone on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The zone included the Panama Canal and an area extending 5 mi (8.1 km) on each side.
		Under the terms of a later treaty (1977), the zone was abolished in Oct., 1979, and returned to Panamanian rule; the canal itself was ceded to Panama in 1999.
		Paymasters assigned to Panama Canal construction the land divided; the world united.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/PanC1anZ1.asp (382 words)

	Panama & Canal Zone in Cyberspace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		December 31, 1999 marked the transfer of the Panama Canal from the United States to the Republic of Panama.
		We remember all those who built, maintained, and secured the Panama Canal so that the world could have a "shortcut".
		All of us that were so fortunate to be a part of this marvel, in whatever capacity, take great pride in what was accomplished.
	www.czbrats.com (109 words)

	ABC News: Rumsfeld Tours Panama Canal on Anniversary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Director of the Panama Canal Alberto Aleman Zubieta, left, gestures to U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld as he arrives at the Miraflores Visitors Center of the Panama Canal in Panama City, Panama Saturday, Nov. 13, 2004.
		Since taking charge, the Panamanians have reduced the number of accidents within the canal zone and sliced more than 6 hours from the average transit time for a ship passing through, from almost 33 hours to 26 hours, according to figures provided by officials.
		Because of the 50-mile-long canal's importance to world maritime traffic roughly 5 percent of the world's trade passes through the waterway military and security officials worry of the possibility that terrorists might try to attack.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=251804 (374 words)

	The Panama Canal
		The contract for the canals construction was signed on March 12th, 1881, and it was agreed the work would be carried out for 512 million French francs, but the contract was conditional in the sense it was not to become binding until two years had elapsed.
		If a replacement canal were to be constructed, the economic effect on the Republic of Panama would be a great concern as the present canal employs 14,000 people, of which 4,000 are Panamanians.
		The canal also relies on the overabundant rainfall of the area to compensate for the loss of the 52 million gallons of fresh water consumed during each crossing.
	www.eclipse.co.uk /~sl5763/panama.htm (3320 words)

	CNN In-Depth Specials - Panama Canal Handover - Troubled passageway
		Wyse's company settled on a canal with a pair of lakes and eight sets of locks, but it was grossly under-capitalized and would clearly never finish the job.
		As soon as he took office he called for the immediate transfer of the Canal Zone to Panamanian jurisdiction, but he was deposed 11 days later when he tried to change the National Guard's leadership.
		The first abolished the Canal Zone as of October 1, 1979, its jurisdiction reverting to Panama, and provided for the gradual transfer of canal operations to Panama by December 31, 1999.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/1999/panama.canal/stories/history (1636 words)

	The Case of the 1997-98 El Nino (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		At present, the Panama Canal is administered by the Panamanians, and it is incumbent on the Authority of the Panama Canal (in Spanish, Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, ACP) to effectively continue to comply with the tasks for which it was built.
		The Canal watershed is defined as the geographic area, the surface, and the underground waters which flow toward the Canal and are spilled into it or its tributary lakes.
		Some Canal economists were afraid that the programmed increase in tolls by the PCC for January 1998 would have a negative impact on the international marine community and would affect the volume of traffic through the Panama Canal.
	www.esig.ucar.edu /un/panama_canal.html (4592 words)

	Rio Chagres, Panama - the only river in the world that empties into two oceans.
		Here, the waters of the Chagres are controlled to maintain appropriate levels in the canal lakes, to fill the locks and to generate the electricity that operates the canal.
		The Panama Canal was started by the French in 1880 who eventually abandoned the project leaving in its wake an almost bankrupt French nation and thousands of deaths from tropical diseases, mainly malaria and yellow fever.
		One of the main reminders of the French role in the construction of the canal is the scattered remains of their equipment and a train still submerged beneath the waters of Gatun Lake.
	www.great-adventures.com /destinations/panama/riochagres.html (1421 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Panama / Appendix B
		The Republic of Panama shall be responsible for providing, in all areas comprising the former Canal Zone, services of a general jurisdictional nature such as customs and immigration, postal services, courts and licensing, in accordance with this Treaty and related agreements.
		Article V Principle of Non-Intervention Employees of the Panama Canal Commission, their dependents and designated contractors of the Panama Canal Commission, who are nationals of the United States of America, shall respect the laws of the Republic of Panama and shall abstain from any activity incompatible with the spirit of this Treaty.
		In the event Canal operating revenues in any year do not produce a surplus sufficient to cover this payment, the unpaid balance shall be paid from operating surpluses in future years in a manner to be mutually agreed.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/panama/pa_appnb.html (5919 words)

	AbfiMagazine.com - History - Panama Canal Zone
		By a treaty of 1903 a strip of land in the center of the country Panama was granted to the United States of America for the purposes of construction, maintenance and protection of the canal.
		This canal was built through the isthmus of Panama during the years 1905 - 1915.
		The total length of the canal is about 80 kilometers and has a width of at least 70 meters.
	www.abfimagazine.com /history/data/panamacanalzone.htm (152 words)

	Panama Canal Map - Panama Jones & Panama Discovery Tours
		Because the Panama Canal Commission recognizes and emphasizes the requirement for good maintenance, regular overhauls of miter gates, chambers, culverts and valves are scheduled to keep the Locks in top operating conditon.
		The Panama Canal is 50 miles long from deep water in the Atlantic to deep water in the Pacific.
		During the Canal construction period it was called Culebra Cut, but was renamed for Col. David DuBose Gaillard, the engineer who was in charge of this section of the Canal work.
	www.panamacanal.com /map.htm (1697 words)

	Canal de Panama
		In 1534 a Spanish official suggested a route for the Canal, which was in fact close to that of the present waterway.
		The Panama Canal was built in two stages: the work carried out by the French company headed by De Lesseps from 1881 to 1888 was the first; then the Americans completed the construction between 1904 and 1914.
		The Canal also relies on the abundant rainfall of the area to compensate for the 52 million gallons of fresh water consumed during each crossing.
	www.bocasdeltoro.com /canaldepan.htm (1307 words)

	Panama Canal Panamanian Tours Travel History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The canal operated in both 2001 and 2002 with only 17 accidents per year in a total of more than 26,000 transits—the best safety record in its history.
		The canal may no longer be as strategically vital as it was when it first opened.
		But the canal is still an impressive testament to the politicians who conceived it, to the engineers and laborers who built it, and to the Panamanians who run it today.
	www.redfrogbeachclub.com /news_smithsonian.html (368 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Convention Between the US And Panama (Panama Canal), 1903
		No part of the work on said Canal or the Panama railroad or on any auxiliary works relating thereto and authorized by the terms of this treaty shall be prevented, delayed or impeded by or pending such proceedings to ascertain such damages.
		If any such articles are disposed of for use outside of the zone and auxiliary lands granted to the United States and within the territory of the Republic, they shall be subject to the same import or other duties as like articles imported under the laws of the Republic of Panama.
		The Canal, when constructed, and the entrances thereto shall be neutral in perpetuity, and shall be opened upon the terms provided for by Section I of Article three of, and in conformity with all the stipulations of, the treaty entered into by the Governments of the United States and Great Britain on November 18, 1901.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/mod/1903panama.html (1239 words)

	Five years after handover, Panama Canal making money, looking to expand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		On Friday, five years to the day after Panama took control of the canal, the country is looking forward, not back, proudly noting that the canal has doubled its income, lowered its accident rate and is considering its most ambitious expansion plan ever.
		Ten percent of the world's ships are unable to pass through the narrow waterway, and the canal says the expansion would help it remain one of the fastest and easiest shipping routes between the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
		The treaties gave Panama 360,240 acres of real estate that made up the Canal Zone, a fenced-in U.S. civilian and military enclave that was a sort of miniature, tropical United States.
	www.sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/news/archive/2004/12/30/financial1404EST0124.DTL (763 words)

	Home of the Panama Canal Cyber Museum Dedication
		My goal is to bring a little happiness to my fellow Zonians through images from home in the Canal Zone.
		As our parents before, and we ourselves, have lived, benefited and accepted the administrations of the government of the Panama Canal Zone, we became "de facto" citizens of that government – we have become "Zonians".
		That government is no longer viable, and the Canal Zone no longer exits.
	www.czimages.com (498 words)

	World Oil Transit "Chokepoints" Country Analysis Brief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Concerns/Background: The Panama Canal extends approximately 50 miles from Panama City on the Pacific Ocean to Colon on the Caribbean Sea.
		Most of the traffic through the Panama Canal moves between the east coast of the United States and Asia, while movements between Europe and the west coast of the United States and Canada comprise the second major trade route at the waterway.
		The Trans-Panama pipeline (Petroterminal de Panama, S.A.) is located outside the former Canal Zone near the Costa Rican border, and runs from the port of Charco Azul on the Pacific Coast (near Puerto Armuelles, southwest of David) to the port of Chiriqui Grande, Bocas del Toro on the Caribbean.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/choke.html (2723 words)

	Panama Country Analysis Brief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The United States is the largest user of the Canal in terms of cargo tonnage, as either port of origin or destination, although Asian countries are beginning to close the gap.
		On September 7, 1977, a new Panama Canal Treaty was signed by President Torrijos of Panama and President Carter of the United States, which transferred full control of the Canal to Panama on December 31, 1999.
		Under this Treaty, the Panama Canal Company, the Canal Zone, and its government were disenfranchised on October 1, 1979, and replaced by the Panama Canal Commission that operated the Canal during the 20-year transition period that began with the Treaty.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/panama.html (2570 words)

	Panama
		It is marked by a chain of mountains in the west, moderate hills in the interior, and a low range on the east coast.
		For canal rights in perpetuity, the U.S. paid Panama $10 million and agreed to pay $250,000 each year, which was increased to $430,000 in 1933 and to $1,930,000 in 1955.
		The Panama Canal - Holiday Returns After a century of operation, the U.S. is returning the Panama Canal to its...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0107870.html (790 words)

	The Panama Canal Society of Florida
		This Web Page is dedicated to the thousands of members of the Panama Canal Society who have banded together, starting in 1932, to remember the great days of working on the Panama Canal and living, and learning in the Canal Zone and the Republic of Panama.
		Since the beginning of construction of the Canal in 1904, tens of thousands of Americans dedicated themselves to building, operating, and defending the Panama Canal as well as providing the government, hospitals, schools and services required to support that population.
		The Panama Canal ceased to be an American Enterprise on December 31, 1999, ending a long and proud history of service to world commerce.
	www.pancanalsociety.org (299 words)

	Untitled
		The Canal Zone was a very special place in the world, and I would like to preserve some of these unique "zonian" recipes.
		It is from © Ann Marti's kitchen in the Canal Zone. It was a family favorite. Mom never made enough of it as far as Ted, Doug, and Jo were concerned. It went well with any meal. This recipe is guaranteed to bring only good memories of the Canal Zone.
		Included here is an old family recipe for the hearty dish--compliments of Ann Suescum, past president and present adviser of the Canal Zone Medical Wives, who earlier this summer was instrumental in recreating a social event in a construcion-day atmosphere at the Governor's house, complete with dinner and fashion of those hisoric days.
	www.geocities.com /zonianbhs66/czrecipes.html (1866 words)

	Canal Zone Birth Certificate, Death Record, Marriage license and other vital records
		This page explains how to obtain copies of Canal Zone vital records, such as Canal Zone birth certificates, Canal Zone death records, Canal Zone marriage licenses & Canal Zone divorce decrees.
		See the guidelines for general information on how to order Canal Zone vital records.
		Check the related links for additional vital records and genealogical information on Canal Zone.
	www.vitalrec.com /cz.html (301 words)

	The Panama Railroad News
		The terms of the concession agreement are the following; The Panama Canal Railway Co. will pay 5% of total income to the government until the total amount invested in the project (a minimum of $30 million) is recouped, and from then on 10% of the total income will be conceded.
		Ciudad Panama - Colon: Built by the United States Government in the Canal Zone to the 1524mm gauge (which it shares with Finland and Russia) the 77km Ferrocarril de Panama or Panama Railroad has been effectively out of use since the landing of US troops in 1989.
		The Kansas City Southern Railroad is negotiating a concession to rebuild and operate the Panama Canal Railroad.
	www.trainweb.org /panama/news.html (3502 words)

	The American Experience/TR's Legacy/Panama
		His plan called for a sea-level canal to be dug along the path of the Panama Railroad.
		Some fifty miles in length, the canal would be less than half as long as the Suez.
		Europeans had dreamed of a Central American canal as early as the 16th century; President Ulysses S. Grant sent seven expeditions to study the feasibility of such a work.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/tr/panama.html (1660 words)

	Robert Bryan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Canal Zone was a narrow strip of land ten miles wide and 51 miles long that lay on either side of the Panama Canal.
		Since the Carter-Torrijos treaty of 1977, the Canal Zone became a memory and now only exists in the hearts and minds of those who dwelled there.
		Even though the Zone is gone, Panama will always be home to me. The song, "Last Man Out" encompasses the emotions of those who built, worked and finally turned over the Canal.
	www.czmusic.com (958 words)

	The Panama Canal
		Mahan had predicted that "the canal will become a strategic center of the most vital importance," and Teddy agreed.
		"The canal," Roosevelt said, "was by far the most important action I took in foreign affairs during the time I was President.
		In 1878 Ferdinand de Lesseps, the French engineer who built the Suez Canal, began to dig a canal across the Isthmus of Panama, which was then part of Colombia.
	www.smplanet.com /imperialism/joining.html (612 words)

	Panama Canal Zone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Panama plans 2 new cruise ports for canal zone.
		As Panama Receives Canal, Canal Zone Properties are Poised for Commercial and Economic Development.
		Families have deep roots in Panama Canal Zone.
	www.infoplease.com /ce5/CE039303.html (283 words)

	Dino's Panama Photos - Pictures of Panama and Canal Zone
		Photos taken of Panama and the Canal Zone during the 1950's and 1960's.
		Miraflores Locks, Panama Canal and the PCC Fire Division.
		Canal Zone Memories by Marvin D. Metheny II - BHS Class of 1961
	www.chagres.com (2308 words)

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