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Topic: Canals of the United Kingdom

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	Canal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Canals are so deeply identified with Venice that many canal cities have been nicknamed "the Venice of..." The city is built on marshy islands, with wooden piles supporting the buildings, so that here it is not so much the waterways which are man-made, as the land.
		In Europe and then in the young United States, inland canals preceded the development of railroads during the earliest phase of the Industrial Revolution; some canals were later drained and used as railroad rights-of-way.
		Canals have found another use in the 21ǂst century, as wayleaves for fibre optic telecommunications networks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canal (454 words)

	Great Canals of the World.
		The length of the canal is 61 miles, the terminus in the Baltic Sea being at the harbor of Kiel.
		In this manner chain towage is operated on the summit-level pond of the St. Quentin Canal, on that of the canal connecting the Marne with the Rhine, in the tunnel of Ham, situated on a branch of the canalized Marne; and on the middle scarp in the Douai passage.
		The canals from Brussels to Willebroek, from Louvain to the Rupel, from Ghent to Terneuzen, from Ghent to Bruges, from Brussels to Charleroi, and from Maestricht to Boise le Duc, the canalized Sambre, the greater part of the coal canals, and numerous canals of minor importance were constructed before 1830.
	www.history.rochester.edu /canal/bib/whitford/old1906/vol2/part5.htm (15533 words)

	Canals
		The Lancaster Canal was built early on in the canal revolution but with a break between the northern section from Preston up to beyond Lancaster and the southern section from Wigan to near Chorley.
		The canal was engineered by John Rennie, and the bridges and aqueducts are built on his usual massive classical scale.
		Although the canal is fairly short it goes through some enchanting countryside in the very Heart of England, cutting through the Forest of Arden with its ancient oaks, and falling gently across quiet rolling countryside and watermeadows to the Avon and Stratford.
	www.fatbadgers.co.uk /Britain/Canals.htm (4847 words)

	Waterways in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Waterways in the United Kingdom is a link page for any river, canal, firth or estuary in the United Kingdom.
		See Rivers of the United Kingdom for a list of the rivers of United Kingdom organised geographically.
		See List of canals in the United Kingdom for a list of the canals of United Kingdom organised alphabetically by country, and lists of abandoned and future canal routes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Waterways_in_the_United_Kingdom (200 words)

	Caledonian Canal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Caledonian Canal in Scotland connects the Scottish east coast at Inverness with the west coast at Corpach near Fort William.
		There are 29 locks (including eight at Neptune's Staircase), four aqueducts and 10 bridges in the course of the canal.
		The canal was designed by engineer Thomas Telford and built between 1803 and 1822, but was never a great commercial success.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Caledonian_Canal (225 words)

	Lapal Canal Trust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is generally accepted that although there were a few earlier canals, the Duke of Bridgewater's canal from his mines at Worsley to Manchester, engineered by perhaps the greatest of canal engineers, James Brindley, was the beginning of the canal age.
		The Birmingham Canal was built initially to Wednesbury, to bring coal from the Black Country to the burgeoning industries of Birmingham, and was eventually opened to the nearby town (now city) of Wolverhampton, and made a connection with the Staffordshire and Worcester at Aldersley Junction.
		Trade along the canal was reduced when, in 1858, Thomas Telford's Netherton Tunnel with a towpath either side, space for boats to pass in either direction and gas lighting superseded the Dudley Tunnel and thus the economic necessity for the No.2 line.
	www.lapal.org /history.htm (1045 words)

	Canal - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Irrigation canals are man-made waterways for the delivery of water and preceded the use of transportation canals used by barges or narrowboats on smaller canals, and by ships on ship canals that connect to the ocean.
		Ancient canals in the West were dwarfed by the Grand Canal of China, the longest canal built in ancient times.
		Canals are so deeply identified with Venice that all cities that have canals used as waterways have been called "the Venice of..."
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Canal (421 words)

	glue-it.com The home of model making (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The canals in the United Kingdom form an interconnecting network of some 2500 miles.
		The first British canal was the Manchester to Bridgewater canal constructed between 1761 and 1776 built to carry coal from the Duke of Bridgewater's collieries to Manchester.
		The cottages and buildings along the canals are interesting in their own right and may be a nice place to look for inspiration for that next model house.
	www.glue-it.com /boats/general-information/glossary/c/canals.html (171 words)

	Lichfield Aqueduct - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lichfield Aqueduct is an aqueduct that carries the Lichfield Canal over the M6 Toll Motorway, just to the north of Lichfield and Birmingham, England.
		Restoration was threatened by the construction of the M6 Toll motorway around the north of Birmingham, which cut across the canal's route.
		Funds were raised to build an aqueduct to carry the canal over the motorway (the aqueduct has been finished but the canal has yet to reach it, giving it an odd appearance).
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lichfield_Aqueduct (156 words)

	Hertford Union Canal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1.5km) of canal in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in East London.
		Like its 1766 predecessor, the Limehouse Cut, the Hertford Union Canal was intended to provide a straight short-cut between the River Thames and the River Lea Navigation, utilising a short stretch of the Regent's Canal.
		Promoted by Sir George Duckett and authorised by an Act of Parliament in 1824, it opened in 1830 and was for some years known as Duckett's Canal.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hertford_Union_Canal (159 words)

	Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Most canals have towpaths but a lot of rivers have no path at all or have paths which are severed in places.
		If a canal passes through two or more areas, then it will be listed under both areas in the area index.
		Canals and Waterways: Roots and Routes is written and researched by Peter Hardcastle phardcastle@canalroutes.org.
	www.canals.btinternet.co.uk (794 words)

	James Brindley
		He is famous for his canal building and the construction of the first major English canal.
		After work on the surveying and construction of various canals he became responsible for the construction of the Bridgewater canal which was completed in 1765.
		Brindleyplace in Birmingham is dedicated to his memory and his contribution to the canal network in the city.
	www.birminghamuk.com /jamesbrindley.htm (249 words)

	Tennessee, state, United States. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		When, after the war, North Carolina ceded its western lands to the federal government, the E Tennessee settlers, incensed at being transferred without their consent, formed a short-lived independent government (1784–88) under Sevier (see Franklin, State of).
		The cession was reenacted in 1789, and in 1790 the federal government created the Territory of the United States South of the River Ohio (Southwest Territory), with William Blount as governor.
		Although slaves were numerous in W Tennessee, and to a lesser extent in Middle Tennessee, and free fls were subjected to a series of discriminatory regulations, the state was pro-Union; it voted in the presidential election of 1860 for its own John Bell, candidate of the moderate Constitutional Union party.
	www.bartleby.com /65/te/Tenn.html (2324 words)

	Birmingham and Worcester Canal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The canal was surveyed by Josiah Clowes and John Snape.
		Until 1814, direct connection to the Birmingham Canal Navigations was prevented by the Worcester Bar, a physical barrier at Gas Street Basin, Birmingham designed so that the Birmingham Canal Navigations would not lose water to the Birmingham and Worcester.
		There are 58 locks in total on the canal, including the 30 Tardebigge, one of the largest canal locks in Europe.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Transport-in-Birmingham-England/Birmingham-and-Worcester-Canal.html (269 words)

	Articles - Canals of the United Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		As the Industrial Revolution took hold, the canals enjoyed great success, thriving in the late 18th and early 19th centuries before railways replaced them as the major goods transportation method in the latter part of the 19th century.
		However, in the latter half of the 20th century the canals saw a rise in popularity through their use by holidaymakers, who often rented a 'narrowboat'; and roamed the canals visiting places they passed through.
		In May 2005 The Times reported that British Waterways was hoping to quadruple the amount of cargo carried on Britain's canal network to 6 million tonnes by 2010 by transporting large amounts of waste to disposal facilities.
	www.foreverd.com /articles/Canals_of_the_United_Kingdom (687 words)

	UK Canal Boating with Black Prince Narrowboat Holidays
		The variety is endless, city, town, village and country, wide canal, and narrow canal.
		Canal holidays are fun - whether with family or friends, you can choose an easy relaxing route or a holiday of adventure and exploration.
		In the days before motorways and railways, they were the main method of transport, with whole families living in boats while earning their living.
	www.black-prince.com (440 words)

	The Kennet and Avon Canal Trust, Devizes Wharf, Couch Lane, Devizes, Wiltshire, England - Working to Protect Enhance ...
		It was formed to restore the, then closed, Kennet and Avon Canal from Reading to Bristol as a "through" navigation and as a public amenity.
		Successful fund raising, campaigning and volunteer-work were rewarded when Her Majesty the Queen reopened the canal in 1990.
		To promote the Canal as a magnificent national amenity that is freely available for the enjoyment of all.
	www.katrust.org (301 words)

	Society Fresh : Article 'Stort Navigation' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		An Act in 1767 provided these changes, together with the construction of a new stretch of canal, the Limehouse Cut to bypass the tight bends of Bow Creek near the River Thames, and this was opened in 1770 and widened in 1777.
		The Lee Navigation bought the Stort Navigation in 1911, and instituted further improvements, including reconstruction of the locks between Enfield and Hertford, the width being increased from 13 feet 3 inches (4.04 metres) to 16 feet (4.88 metres): by the 1930s, 130-ton barges could reach Enfield, and 100-ton barges Ware and Hertford.
		Present status Oxford_Canal_at_Hillmorton.jpg The near However, in the latter half of the twentieth century, the canals saw a rise in popularity through their use by holidaymakers, who often rented a 'narrowboat' and roamed the canals visiting places they passed through.
	www.society-fresh.net /DisplayArticle409122.html (782 words)

	World War 1 and 2 - Basingstoke Canal
		The Basingstoke Canal is one of the waterways in the United Kingdom.
		The tunnel is partially collapsed and is inhabited by a protected bat colony, for this reason it is unlikely that the tunnel will ever be restored.
		The Victorian London and South Western Railway runs parallel to the canal along much of its length and was partially responsible for it falling into disuse.
	www.worldwardiary.com /history/Basingstoke_Canal (151 words)

	International Travel News: Self-navigated narrowboat adventure on Shropshire Union & Llangollen canals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		After the Romans departed, canals did not become important until centuries later when came a demand to move huge quantities of heavy stone for building castles and churches.
		The canals had to be hand dug and the men who worked them were called "navvies." They worked according to instructions from an engineer, and during the time from George III to Queen Victoria some 4,000 miles of canals emerged, transforming Britain from an agricultural society to one based on manufactured goods.
		Average canal speed is only three to four miles per hour, but a speeding 4-mph boat can really wreak havoc on a boat tied up to shore.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3648/is_9_24/ai_57639920 (1634 words)

	Final report on the canals and inland navigations of Ireland from the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into and to ...
		Final report on the canals and inland navigations of Ireland from the Royal Commission appointed to enquire into and to report on the canals and inland navigations of the United Kingdom
		There were 837 miles of canals and waterways in Ireland of which 430 were canals, 268 inland navigations, the remainder being waterways without locks.
		The possibility of a large increase of waterborne traffic was therefore small and a large expenditure on improvements would not be justified.
	www.bopcris.ac.uk /bopall/ref7210.html (491 words)

	Canal - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Image:Canal du midi toulouse.jpg Canals are man-made waterways, usually connecting existing lakes, rivers, or oceans.
		Canals are so deeply identified with Venice that many cities that have canals used as waterways have been called "the Venice of..."
		A movement that began in Great Britain and France to use the picturesque early industrial canals for pleasure boats has spurred rehabilitation of stretches of historic canals.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Canal (401 words)

	Quality Narrowboats on the Grand Union Canal: canal holiday boat hire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Whether you're looking for a family holiday with a difference or just want to unwind and take life at a more tranquil pace, each boat in our narrowboat fleet provides a level of comfort and convenience that is normally associated with privately owned craft.
		If you haven't tried a canal holiday before please be assured that you will find a warm welcome with us.
		You will be accompanied as you set off to ensure that you are comfortable with handling the boat, and then met at the first lock and introduced to the mysteries of locking (it really isn't difficult!).
	www.canals.co.uk (288 words)

	Manchester UK
		It was born of the Industrial Revolution when it came to the forefront of world textile manufacture and production, a position it held until the 1960s.
		It is a vibrant dynamic city, one of the largest metropolitan conurbations in the United Kingdom, proud of its history and heritage, its culture and its entrepreneurial spirit.
		For 11 million people living within 50 miles of the City of Manchester, it is the place where they come to work, or to shop or to visit the many attractions and entertainments which only a large dynamic city such as this could hope to offer.
	www.manchester2002-uk.com (310 words)

	Birmingham Canals \| Birmingham \| Travel Story and Pictures from United Kingdom
		Several centuries ago, the main means of transportation in the United Kingdom was canals.
		They were developed and used just as we develop and use highways, and the network of canals still exists to a large extent.
		This might be true for the length of all canals combined and the fact that Birmingham is much bigger than the famous canal city, but Birmingham certainly does not have anything close to the romantic feel of Venice.
	www.traveladventures.org /continents/europe/birminghamcanals.shtml (365 words)

	Chemical quality of rivers and canals: by country: Social Trends 34
		Rivers and canals in the United Kingdom are generally in a favourable condition, and both chemical and biological quality have improved in recent years.
		In particular, the chemical quality of rivers in England improved markedly between 1990 and 2002, with 93 per cent of river length classified as being in good or fair condition by the later date.
		This was, however, still the lowest such percentage for any of the constituent parts of the United Kingdom: Wales had the highest proportion of rivers in good or fair condition in 2002, at 98 per cent.
	www.statistics.gov.uk /STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=7277&More=Y (253 words)

	Chemical quality of rivers and canals: by country, 1990-2001: Social Trends 33
		Rivers and canals in the United Kingdom are generally of a good quality, and both chemical and biological quality has improved in recent years.
		In particular, the chemical quality of rivers in England improved markedly between 1990 and 2001, although by the latter date England still had the lowest percentage of river length in a good or fair condition of any of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom.
		River water quality is a headline indicator of sustainable development, and improvements in water quality since 1990 are thought to be largely attributable to the impact of the investment programme of the water industry and pollution control measures.
	www.statistics.gov.uk /STATBASE/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=6456&More=Y (242 words)

	Waterways Interactive the online directory of canal and river services
		Waterways Interactive is a one stop, searchable, reference of the navigable waterways (canals rivers and drains) of England and Wales.
		It is designed to appeal to boaters, walkers, cyclists and other waterway enthusiasts interested in planning a trip along our beautiful network of canals and rivers.
		The aims of the BCF are Fellowship, Worship and Witness.
	www.waterwaysinteractive.com (761 words)

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