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Topic: Cancer immunotherapy

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Cytotoxic T cell

Regulatory T cell

Immune system

Humoral immunity

	Immunotherapy Cancer Treatment
		One immediate goal of research in cancer immunology is the development of methods to harness and enhance the body's natural tendency to defend itself against malignant tumors.
		Immunotherapy seems to offer great promise as a new dimension in cancer treatment, but it is still very much in its infancy.
		Immunotherapy of cancer began about one hundred years ago when Dr. William Coley, at the Sloan-Kettering Institute, showed that he could control the growth of come cancers and cure a few advanced cancers with injections of a mixed vaccine of streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria known as Coley's toxin.
	www.cancersupportivecare.com /immunotherapy.html (1257 words)

	CancerNetwork:
		Thus, BCG immunotherapy is remarkably effective in transitional-cell carcinoma of the prostatic urethra, producing a complete response rate similar to that reported in the bladder, but does not appear to reduce the occurrence of upper tract tumors.
		In patients given interleukin-2 immunotherapy, serum vitamin C levels were depressed to undetectable levels in 12 of 15 patients [38],and 60% of patients were found to be hypovitaminemic for vitamin A, 80% for beta-carotene, 90% for vitamin B6, and 45% for folate [39].
		Immunotherapy of superficial bladder cancer and CIS is clearly a valuable adjunct to local surgical resection, and has revolutionized the care of patients with this disease.
	www.cancernetwork.com /journals/oncology/o9510b.htm (7985 words)

	Cancernet - Common Immunotherapy Questions (FAQ)
		Immunotherapy is a broad term for treatment that uses the body's immune system, either directly or indirectly to fight cancer.
		Immunotherapy is designed to repair, stimulate, or enhance the immune system's natural anti-cancer function through the use of substances known as biological response modifiers.
		Immunotherapy often lessens side effects that are caused by conventional cancer treatments.
	www.cancernet.com /immunotherapy/questions.html (1148 words)

	Cancernet - Adenocarcinoma of the Lung with Multiple Brain Metastases
		Small volume cancers consist of two categories; (a) de novo cancers that are sub-clinical and (b) cancers reduced to small volume by treatment.
		Cancer immune surveillance is linked teleologically and physiologically to reproductive function, and hormones related to reproduction also influence immunity.
		The cancer victim and his or her advisors should decide which approaches are justified by science and economic realities.
	www.cancernet.com /immunotherapy/r_brm2.html (1765 words)

	ACS :: Immunotherapy
		Immunotherapy is treatment that uses certain parts of the immune system to fight disease, including cancer.
		Monoclonal antibody therapy is a passive immunotherapy because the antibodies are produced in large quantities outside the body (in the lab) rather than by your immune system...
		The vaccine increases the immune response against cancer...
	www.cancer.org /docroot/ETO/eto_1_3_Immunotherapy.asp (305 words)

	Age Influences Response to Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy
		Bladder cancer is a common cancer; approximately 55,000 new cases are diagnosed in the United States each year.
		Patients with superficial bladder cancer are routinely treated with surgical removal of the cancer and may also receive additional treatment to decrease the risk of cancer recurrence or progression to more invasive disease.
		This often consists of mitomycin C or Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). BCG, an immunotherapy agent, is derived from a weakened form of a bacterium related to bacteria that cause tuberculosis.
	patient.cancerconsultants.com /news.aspx?id=37334 (429 words)

	Cancer Vaccines And Immunotherapy: Online References For Health Concerns
		Cancer cells display abnormal proteins (antigens) on their surface, and the immune system can detect and destroy cancer cells because of these proteins (Knuth A et al 1991; Naftzger C et al 1991).
		Preoperative immunotherapy with interleukin-2 in pancreatic cancer patients achieved a positive effect on postoperative complications and increased two-year survival (33 percent in the treated group compared to 10 percent in the control group) (Angelini C et al 2006).
		Preventive cancer vaccines are being developed as a means of preventing cancers caused by chronic viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections that are associated with up to 20 percent of all cancer cases, including cervical and liver cancers (Bhopale GM et al 2004; Herrera LA et al 2005).
	www.lef.org /protocols/cancer/cancer_vaccines_01.htm (2536 words)

	The Scientist : Where next for Cancer Immunotherapy?
		Although cancer is commonly considered as a disease that must be "cured," for many patients it may be more realistic to view cancer as a chronic condition that must be managed.
		Whether or not one accepts that cancer is normally suppressed by continuous immunosurveillance, experimental and clinical evidence clearly supports the idea that we should be able to mobilize the immune system for meaningful, even dramatic therapeutic benefit.
		Targeting the still elusive population of cancer stem cells using mABs - for both leukemias and solid tumors - is another exceedingly promising avenue that should be considered for new antibody and T cell-based immune therapies.
	www.the-scientist.com /2006/1/1/47/1 (3028 words)

	Leukemia & Lymphoma Society - Disease Information - Immunotherapy
		Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses elements of the immune system to fight a disease.
		Immunotherapy is an attempt to use immune cells or antibodies to recognize those antigens and attack them to kill the cancer cell.
		Many of the cancer vaccines being developed are intended to start a specific reaction to an antigen and focus the body response toward the tumor.
	www.leukemia-lymphoma.org /all_page?item_id=18551 (2260 words)

	Immunotherapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		BCG immunotherapy for early stage (non-invasive) bladder cancer utilizes instillation of attenuated live bacteria into the bladder, and is effective in preventing recurrence in up to 2/3 of cases.
		Topical immunotherapy utilizes an immune enhancement cream (imiquimod) which is an interferon producer causing the patients own killer T cells to destroy warts, actinic keratoses, basal cell cancer, squamous cell cancer, cutaneous lymphoma, and superficial malignant melanoma.
		Immunotherapy is typically individually tailored and administered by an allergist (allergologist), although standardized immunotherapy serums and injection schedules are available in some healthcare systems and can be prescribed by family physicians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Immunotherapy (873 words)

	Cancer Immunotherapy
		There is considerable evidence that cancer patients have T cells that are capable of attacking their tumor cells.
		In fact, it may be that the appearance of cancer is a failure of immune surveillance: the ability of one's own immune system to destroy cancer cells as soon as they appear.
		The antigens are found in normal – as well as cancerous – cells of that tissue (e.g., tyrosinase in melanocytes, prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP] in prostate cells).
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/CancerImmunotherapy.html (1861 words)

	Cancer Decisions - Free Newsletter - May 2, 2002
		The American Cancer Society maintained a list of "unproven methods of cancer management," and immune methods were among those this organization deemed unorthodox and therefore suspect.
		Patients who were treated in the Gaslight Era with a form of immunotherapy fared as well as those who are treated in modern times with conventional methods.
		Nowadays, Coley is honored as the godfather of immunotherapy.
	www.cancerdecisions.com /050202.html (1128 words)

	Cancer Immunity 6 Suppl 1:14 (2006)
		The identification of the molecular nature of cancer associated antigens has enabled the evaluation of active immunization (cancer vaccine) approaches to the treatment of humans with metastatic disease.
		Thus, although cancer vaccines hold considerable promise for the development of effective cancer immunotherapy, modifications of current approaches are desperately needed.
		Cancer regression and autoimmunity induced by cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 blockade in patients with metastatic melanoma.
	www.cancerimmunity.org /v6suppl1p14/051028_abs.htm (570 words)

	Confirmation of Effectiveness of Immunotherapy - National Cancer Institute
		A team of researchers, led by Steven A. Rosenberg, M.D., at the National Cancer Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health, have found that patients with advanced melanoma who had not responded to previous therapies experienced a significant reduction in the size of their cancers as a result of receiving a new immunotherapy.
		This immunotherapy consisted of a combination of chemotherapy and reintroduction of their own (autologous) activated lymphocytes.
		Cancer regression and autoimmunity in patients after clonal repopulation with antitumor lymphocytes.
	www.cancer.gov /newscenter/pressreleases/melanomaAutologus (735 words)

	Institute International Cancer Immunotherapy Symposia Series
		These annual meetings, developed by CRI and organized in conjunction with the Academy of Cancer Immunology, focus attention on progress in the two central approaches of cancer immunology -- cancer vaccines and antibody-based therapies.
		The first meeting, Frontiers of Immunology and Cancer Immunology, was held in 1993 and was dedicated to William B. Coley, commemorating his first clinical use of bacterial vaccines to treat cancer.
		Since then, the symposia series has attracted leading immunologists in the cancer vaccine and antibody fields, providing them with a comprehensive view of the potential and problems in the development of cancer immunotherapies.
	www.cancerresearch.org /crisymposium.html (180 words)

	The Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Page - CancerIndex
		Immune Therapy For Cancer (University of Washington Medical Center) This site includes an introduction to immunotherapy and details of an FDA approved Phase I clinical trial for the treatment of Stage III or IV breast or ovarian cancer using a cancer vaccine targeting HER-2.
		Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology - National Cancer Institute (USA) The Laboratory is located at the NCI in Bethesda and is part of the Division of Basic Sciences.
		National Cancer Institute - Experimental Immunology Branch (USA) EIB consists of 11 research laboratories involved in basic research in immunology plus a centralized flow cytometry facility, it is part of the NCI Division of Basic Sciences.
	www.cancerindex.org /clinks4i.htm (624 words)

	Cancer immunotherapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cancer Immunotherapy is the use of the immune system to reject cancer.
		In the case of cancer tumors, the microenvironment is immunosuppressive, allowing even those tumors that present unusual antigens to survive and flourish in spite of the immune response generated by the cancer patient, against his or her own tumor tissue.
		Topical immunotherapy utilizes an immune enhancement cream (imiquimod) which is an interferon producer causing the patient's own killer T cells to destroy warts, actinic keratoses, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and Superficial spreading melanoma.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cancer_immunotherapy (1841 words)

	Lymphoma Information Network - Immunotherapy
		The aim of cancer immunology is to develop new approaches to fighting cancer by enhancing the body's natural immune defense system.
		One method that has been used to make a cancer vaccine: researchers harvested patients immune cells - such as dendritic cells - from their own blood, primed them to trigger an attack on tumor cells, and then returned them to the patients.
		T-Cell Immunotherapy is a new and exciting area just going into trials after about ten years of study and research.
	www.lymphomainfo.net /therapy/immunotherapy (496 words)

	Immunotherapy in the Treatment of an Adenoma Prostate and Prostate Cancers
		Immunotherapy based on the molecular biology of Genetics and immunology is novel treatment option especially for advanced prostate cancers.
		So, the prostate problems particularly prostate cancer remains a difficult clinical problem regardless of intensive scientific research works and billions of dollars spent every year in the research and development of novel therapy strategies for their effective control and treatment.
		Dendritic cell-based xenoantigen vaccination for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
	www.anticancer.net /resan/prostate.html (4849 words)

	Immunotherapy - Cancer - Carolinas HealthCare System
		The Immunotherapy Program at Blumenthal Cancer Center consists of skilled healthcare professionals who are dedicated to the care of patients receiving immunotherapy for melanoma, kidney and other types of cancer.
		Immunotherapy is an innovative and exciting approach for treating cancer.
		The Quest Program is a cancer wellness program developed to assist in recovering from cancer through exercise, education and relaxation techniques.
	www.carolinas.org /services/cancer/programs/Immuno.cfm (313 words)

	QIMR Website - Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory
		Cancer is the second leading cause of deaths in the Western World.
		The general course of disease and treatment is dependent on the cancer: the organs involved, the potential for spread (metastasis), the time course of growth, and the susceptibility to surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or (for some haematological malignancies) cellular therapies.
		Both prostate cancer trial II and the glioblastoma trial use irradiated, autologous tumour cells as the source of antigen.
	www.qimr.edu.au /research/labs/chriss/index.html (1266 words)

	Immunotherapy - Treatment - Cancer Care - James P. Wilmot Cancer Center - Rochester, NY - Western NY
		Immunotherapy agents are typically injected, sometimes as an initial vaccination under the skin with booster vaccinations and sometimes in an intravenous line just as chemotherapy is given.
		Although immunotherapy shows great promise for the future, it has a small role in treating the most common types of cancer today.
		Several immunotherapies for use against specific cancers have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and many other immunotherapies are being tested through Phase I, II, and III clinical trials.
	www.stronghealth.com /services/cancer/treatment/immunotherapy.cfm (719 words)

	Message Board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		I have also read that immunotherapy is to be the wave of the future for treating all types of cancer either in conjunction with chemotherapy or alone.
		Colon cancer immunotherapy trials are in their early stages but it is possible to get this treatment now depending on where you live.
		I too had colon cancer, diagnosed in 2000, and unfortunately the operation to remove it didn't do the trick, because it had already spread to the liver, altho we didn't know it at the time.
	www.cancercompass.com /message-board/message/all,2201,1.htm (1110 words)

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