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	Candaules
		Candaules was a king of the ancient Kingdom of Lydia from 735 BC to 718 BC.
		Candaules, King of Lydia, Shews his Wife by Stealth to Gyges, One of his Ministers, As She Goes to Bed by William Etty.
		The Queen prepared for Gyges to kill Candaules by the same manner in which she was shamed.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/LX/Candaules.html (481 words)

	Gyges and Candaules from Herodotus
		The first king of this dynasty was Agron, son of Ninus, grandson of Belus, and great-grandson of Alcaeus; Candaules, son of Myrsus, was the last.
		Now it happened that this Candaules was in love with his own wife; and not only so, but thought her the fairest woman in the whole world.
		All affairs of greatest moment were entrusted by Candaules to this person, and to him he was wont to extol the surpassing beauty of his wife.
	plato.acadiau.ca /courses/engl/lawson/1223c2/g_c.htm (982 words)

	Candaules - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His name is the origin of the term candaulism, for a sexual practice attributed to him by legend.
		Several stories of how the Heraclid dynasty of Candaules ended and the Mermnadae dynasty of Gyges began has been related by different authors throughout history, mostly in mythical tones.
		The earliest story, related by Herodotus in the fifth century BCE, has Candaules betrayed and executed by his wife in a cautionary tale against pride and possession.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Candaules (527 words)

	Sadyattes / Myrsilus / Candaules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Candaules is a religious title, probably signifying that the king was protected by a Lydian god, who may or may not be identical to the god known by the Greeks as Hermes.
		Probably, Sadyattes / Candaules / Myrsilus was unable to stand his ground, and was deposed by a military leader, Gyges.
		The fall of Sadyattes is the subject of one of the most famous Greek fairy tales, told by Herodotus of Halicarnassus.
	www.livius.org /men-mh/mermnads/sadyattes_i.html (236 words)

	Historical Causation in Herodotus
		Candaules, anxious that his servant Gyges should believe that Candaules' wife was the most beautiful woman in the world, arranged for him to see her undressing.
		Herodotus says of Candaules that he was destined to an ill end, and later, that crime of Gyges would be repaid in the fifth generation.
		While not articulated in the story of Gyges and Candaules, this theme is developed soon after in Solon's speech to King Croesus.
	www.tulane.edu /~august/thescla.htm (720 words)

	Brown Paper Tickets - A Very Brechty X-Mas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Daniel Gerould's "Candaules, Commissioner" is a darkly comic absurd take on the Gyges myth, in which a kingdom is usurped by the use of a golden, magical ring.
		In this modernization, Candaules is an official in a land where the war has been going on for so long that the war orphans have started to have children.
		One day, Candaules gets a telegram saying he should "show your wife's private parts to the natives," and the scheme to do just that leads to chaos and revolution.
	www.brownpapertickets.com /event/8441 (312 words)

	Candaules - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
		"Candaules" es un título religioso que significa probablemente que el rey estaba protegido por un dios lidio, quien puede que sea (y puede que no) el mismo dios conocido como Hermes por los griegos.
		Según Heródoto, Candaules era un hombre muy enamorado de su esposa, sentía verdadera pasión por ella.
		Un día, Candaules empezó a alabar las virtudes de su mujer ante Giges y al final, creyendo que Giges pensaba que exageraba, le propuso visitar el dormitorio de su mujer antes de que ésta se acostara para que pudiera verla desnuda, y juzgar así por sus propios ojos lo que Giges escuchaba de su rey.
	es.wikipedia.org /wiki/Candaules (622 words)

	CANDAULES - Story
		Their rule endured for two and twenty generations of men, a space of five hundred and five years; during the whole of which period, from Agron to Candaules, the crown descended in the direct line from father to son.
		All was then prepared for the attack, and when night fell, Gyges, seeing that he had no retreat or escape, but must absolutely either slay Candaules, or himself be slain, followed his mistress into the sleeping-room.
		Thus did the wife and kingdom of Candaules pass into the possession of Gyges, of whom Archilochus the Parian, who lived about the same time, made mention in a poem written in iambic trimeter verse.
	users.pandora.be /Candaules/story.htm (982 words)

	David Carpenter - Hoovering to Byzantium
		Candaules, King of Lydia, has conceived an immoderate heat for his queen.
		He agrees to serve the queen, murders Candaules, and rules by her side in Lydia.
		He has to confront his best friend, the Candaules figure, and humiliate him so severely that the two can never be friends again.
	www.dccarpenter.com /hoovering.htm (6406 words)

	Croesus, Greek Mythology Link - www.maicar.com
		For it happened that Candaules, being unable to control his idée fixe, and knowing that men trust their ears less than their eyes, not only told his favourite bodyguard Gyges about her beauty, but also wished him to watch the queen naked from a hiding place.
		This is why Gyges plotted against his master, and following the queen's instructions, he came out from the same hiding place, and slew the king as he slept with the dagger that she had given him for that same purpose.
		Agron 2, Alcaeus 6, Alyattes, Ardys, Astyages, Atys 3, Belus 3, Cambyses, Candaules, Croesus, Cyrus, Dascylus, Dercetis 1, Gaia, Gyges, Heracles 1, Lydus, Mandane, Manes, Myrsus, Ninus, Omphale, Sadyattes, Semiramis, Zeus.
	homepage.mac.com /cparada/GML/Croesus.html (5506 words)

	LoveMe - 129 Records to Date
		It began when the vainglorious king of Lydia, Candaules, believing his wife to be the most beautiful woman in the world, boasts of her sex appeal to one of his bodyguards, a man named Gyges.
		But though shamed, she did not cry out or let it be seen that she had perceived anything, for she meant to punish Candaules." She prepared those of her household that was most faithful, and summoned Gyges.
		You must either kill Candaules and take me and the throne of Lydia for your own, or be killed yourself now without more ado; that will prevent you from obeying all Candaules' commands in the future and seeing what you should not see.
	smol.ro /loveme/variety.html (1891 words)

	Wikinfo \| Labrys (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The kings of Lydia who succeeded her carried this as one of their sacred insignia of office, and passed it down from father to son until Candaules.
		Candaules, however, disdained it and gave it to one of his companions to carry.
		When Gyges rebelled and was making war upon Candaules, Arselis came with a force from Mylasa to the assistance of Gyges, slew Candaules and his companion, and took the axe to Caria with the other spoils of war.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Labrys (753 words)

	Candaules, his wife, and Gyges
		Candaules, king of Sardes (the Greeks call him Myrsilus), was descended from Alcaeus, son of Heracles.
		Kill Candaules and seize the throne, with me as your wife; or die yourself on the spot, so that never again may your blind obedience to the king tempt you to see what you have no right to see.
		Then, when Candaules was asleep, he crept from behind the door and struck.
	www.livius.org /he-hg/herodotus/hist14.html (885 words)

	Brown Classical Journal
		According to Herodotus’ story, Candaules fell in love with his own wife, and he frequently bragged to Gyges that she was the most beautiful of all women.
		She told him that he must kill Candaules, marry her, and become King of Lydia; otherwise Gyges himself would be quickly executed.
		If Candaules (Sadyattes) was an ineffectual general, then a coup initiated by an ambitious commander better able to respond to the Cimmerian threat would probably have been successful, especially if the queen was his ally.
	www.brown.edu /Departments/Classics/bcj/16-03.html (2926 words)

	Tate Britain \| Past Exhibitions \| Exposed: The Victorian Nude
		Later, Serena becomes lost and is captured by savages, who strip her naked and tie her to an altar as a human sacrifice; she is rescued by Sir Calepine: 'Serena found of Salvages / By Calepine is freed'.
		CANDAULES, described in the histories written by Herodotus (480-425 BC), was King of Lydia and married to the beautiful Nyssia.
		Candaules was so proud of her beauty that he arranged for his favourite officer, Gyges, to see her naked.
	www.tate.org.uk /britain/exhibitions/vicnude/char1.htm (2472 words)

	Amazon.ca: King Candaules: Books: Theophile Gautier,Paul Avril,Anatole France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		A beautiful edition (illustrated by Paul Avril) of Gautier’s story of Candaules and Gyges from Herodotus (the long introduction by Anatole France is almost as much fun as this semi-erotic heroic fantasy novelette).
		Queen Nyssia, the wife of King Candaules was said to be the most beautiful creature ever to inhabit the earth.
		But because the rules concerning veils are even more severe for queens and such, the King was unable to enjoy the envy of others.
	www.amazon.ca /King-Candaules-Theophile-Gautier/dp/1589633466 (321 words)

	Gérôme, King Candaules (Le Roi Candaule) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Set in the ancient Near East, in Lydia, the scene unfolds in the bedchamber of the Lydian king, Candaules.
		While his wife, Queen Rodolphe, slowly undresses, Candaules's favorite lieutenant Gyges watches from the shadowy doorway, having been invited to do so by Candaules, who vainly wished to flaunt his wife's beauty.
		Rodolphe was enraged and, at her request, Gyges later assassinated the king and assumed the Lydian throne himself.
	www.daheshmuseum.org /collection/popup/gerome_king.html (275 words)

	Alexander the Great - Sources
		Snakes were coiled round the greater number of the trees, and each of them was as big as a ferret with us; the apes upon the trees were larger than bears with us; and there were a number of animals of different kinds; and the mountains were the caves and paths of ibexes.
		Then Candaules said to me, “Antigonus, this place is the temple and dwellingplace of the gods, and many times they appear in these spots.
		And Candaules entreated his mother that gifts and offerings should be given to this ambassador as befitted the greatness of his knowledge.
	websfor.org /alexander/romance/syrian6b.asp (5228 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 594 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		In Plato the story, in the form of the well-known fable of the ring of Gyges, serves the purpose of moral allegory.
		Plutarch, following in one place the story of Herodotus, speaks in another of Gyges as making war against Candaules with the help of some Carian auxiliaries.
		158.) Candaules is mentioned by Pliny in two passages as having given Bularchus, the painter, a large sum of money (" pari rependit auro ") for a picture representing a battle of the Magnetes.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0603.html (942 words)

	Lydian Period in Anatolia and Asia Minor
		We know a little about the first kings of Heraclid dynasty, but at the time of the first Olympic games in 776 BCE, Alyattes was the king of Lydia.
		The last king of Heraclid dynasty as known in Greek was Mursylos, and in Lydian language was Candaules whose name comes from a Lydian god and means "dog-strangler".
		Indeed, excavations have provided the remains of a feast in honor of the god "Candaules", and the skeletons of many puppies sacrificed to this god were found in 30 clay urns.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/lydian_period.htm (1631 words)

	greek_erotic_literature.htm
		Candaules used to brag about the beauty of his wife to Gyges.
		Candaules hatches a plot whereby Gyges can hide in Candaules, room and watch as Candaules, wife gets undressed for bed and then leave as she turns to go to bed.
		Then Candaules, when night came, led Gyges to his bedroom, and a moment after the queen followed.
	www.lclark.edu /~ndsmith/greek_erotic_literature.htm (1458 words)

	Classics Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		There are the stories of marvellous desert winds told by the hero, Almásy (Ralph Fiennes), to the wife of one of his fellow explorers, Katharine Clifton (Kristin Scott Thomas).
		Then there is the story of the Lydian king Candaules' showing off his wife's beauty to his lieutenant Gyges (1.8-13), echoing the adulterous affair between Almásy and Katharine.
		On the face of it, a clear analogy is drawn between Candaules and Geoffrey Clifton (Colin Firth).
	www.ucd.ie /cai/classics-ireland/98/Harrison98.html (3861 words)

	examsourceanal
		The references to the "crime of his ancestor" and what follows are to the story of Candaules and Gyges, told earlier by Herodotus in his account of the transfer of power from the Heraclid to the Mermnad dynasty.
		Briefly, the "crime" was that Gyges, a bodyguard of Candaules, had been ordered to look at Candaules' wife, the queen, naked.
		The queen discovered what was going on, and ordered Gyges to kill Candaules and become ruler of Lydia, or face death.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/clubmed/examsourceanal.html (1257 words)

	Herodotus - The Histories - Page 9
		The sovereingty of Lydia, which had belonged to the Heraclides, passed into the family of Croesus, who were called the Mermnadae, in the manner which I will now relate.
		The first king of this dynasty was Agron, son of Ninus, grandson of Belas, and great-grandson of Alcaeus; Candaules, son of Myrsus, was the last.
		The Heraclides, descended from Heracles and the slave-girl of Jardanus, having been entrusted by these princes with the mangagement of affairs, obtained the kingdom by an oracle.
	www.galileolibrary.com /ebooks/eu04/herodotus_page_9.htm (197 words)

	Herodotus: Histories (excerpts)
		[1.8] Now it happened that this Candaules was in love with his own wife; and not only so, but thought her the fairest woman in the whole world.
		At length, one day, Candaules, who was fated to end ill, thus addressed his follower: "I see thou dost not credit what I tell thee of my lady's loveliness; but come now, since men's ears are less credulous than their eyes, contrive some means whereby thou mayst behold her naked."
		[1.12] All was then prepared for the attack, and when night fell, Gyges, seeing that he had no retreat or escape, but must absolutely either slay Candaules, or himself be slain, followed his mistress into the sleeping-room.
	praxeology.net /hero.htm (3023 words)

	herodotus484: Prologues, Croesus of Lydia and Cyrus of Persia P. 3
		Barbarians it is a shame even for a man to be seen naked.
		Candaules in all things, see that which thou shouldest not.
		fate of Candaules, and had risen in arms, a treaty was made between
	herodotus484.livejournal.com /961.html (1366 words)

	Amazon.ca: In Praise of the Stepmother : A Novel: Books: Mario Vargas Llosa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The focus of Candaules' kingdom is Lucrecia's "croup", which is reinforced by a full-page colour reproduction of Jacob Jordaens' painting, Candaules, King of Lydia, showing his wife to Prime Minister Gyges (1648).
		Jordaens' picture is meant to speak a thousand words for Vargas Llosa: the brightest light focuses on the wife's naked flanks, elongated back, and enlarged "croup" surrounded by folds of flesh, drapery, and baroque wooden furniture.
		In the centre of the floor between the Queen's bare foot and her slippers is a chamber pot, a leveling reminder of baser needs associated with the erotic amplitude of her buttocks.
	www.amazon.ca /Praise-Stepmother-Mario-Vargas-Llosa/dp/0312421303 (1797 words)

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