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Sugar cane

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	Sugar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sugars are sweet to taste and are used in food and drink as a source of sweetness and energy making them important in biochemistry.
		While sugar cane could not be grown in northern Europe, sugar could be extracted from certain beets and these began to be widely cultivated around 1801, after the British control of the seas during the Napoleonic wars isolated mainland Europe from the Caribbean.
		Sugar mill construction is the missing link of the technological skills needed for the Industrial Revolution that is recognized as beginning in the first part of the 1600s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sugar (3904 words)

	Sugarcane - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sugar cane was grown extensively in the Caribbean and still is on some islands.
		Sugar cane is still a large part of the economy in Barbados, the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Grenada and other islands.
		Brazil is a major grower of sugar cane where it is used to produce sugar as well as to provide the alcohol used in making gasohol and biodiesel fuels.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /sugar_cane.htm (595 words)

	Sugar cane
		Sugar cane is the source of sugar in all tropical and subtropical countries of the world.
		Sugar cane plants are propagated by planting sections of the stem.
		Sugar cane for syrup is grown over a somewhat wider area in the United States than cane for sugar.
	www.almac.co.uk /personal/roberts/cane.html (1792 words)

	Ethnobotanical Leaflets
		Sugar cane is composed of six species of perennial grasses of the genus Saccharum L., in tribe Andropogoneae of the Gramineae.
		The cane is cut close to the ground because the lower stem has the highest sugar content and it aids in ratooning, the emergence of new crops from the stems and trash (leaves and tops) left behind (McIlroy 1963).
		Sugar cane was originally grown for the sole purpose of chewing in southeastern Asia and the Pacific.
	www.siu.edu /~ebl/leaflets/sugar.htm (2299 words)

	Australian Primary Industries - Sugar Cane
		Sugar is made from juice which the sugar cane plant makes and stores in its stalks, which are packed with tough fibres.
		As sugar cane growing spread further north, mills were built at Maryborough and Mackay in 1866, Bundaberg in 1872 and Cairns in 1882.
		Sugar cane is grown from setts (cuttings from mature cane stalks) which are planted by machines which form a furrow, cut the cane stalks into 40cm pieces, drop them into the furrows, add fertiliser, and cover them with soil.
	rochedalss.eq.edu.au /sugar.htm (1264 words)

	Processing of Jamaican sugar cane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		During the nineteenth century, the normal yield of sugar would be around 1 hogshead per acre of cane (1 hogshead was on average 16 cwt) hence 200 hogsheads would be expected.
		She indicated that the Hope Estate produced 320 hogshead of sugar annually and that because of the Hope River running through the property it was not as susceptible to drought as some of the other plantations.
		The processing of sugar cane is one of the vital industries of the country to the extent that small pieces of cane are often found in household refrigerators for chewing.
	wwwchem.uwimona.edu.jm:1104 /lectures/sugar.html (1713 words)

	Saccharum officinarum
		The pulped sugar cane is used to dress wounds, and the cane for splints for broken bones; the Malay women use it in childbirth.
		Cane is grown on volcanic soils of Hawaii, alluvial soils of Louisiana, muck soils of Florida, and on the bewildering variety of tropical soils in Puerto Rico.
		Manuring is indispensible as the crop is an exhausting one.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/duke_energy/Saccharum_officinarum.html (2489 words)

	SKIL - How Sugar Cane Is Made
		Sugar cane is harvested by chopping down the stems but leaving the roots so that it re-grows in time for the next crop.
		In many factories the cane is crushed in a series of large roller mills: similar to a mangle [wringer] which was used to squeeze the water out of clean washing a century ago.
		In the cane sugar factory the bagasse fuel is renewable and the gases it produces, essentially CO, are more than used up by the new cane growing.
	www.sucrose.com /lcane.html (694 words)

	Sugar Cane
		Sugar cane reached the Mediterranean countries in the eighth century A.D., and reached the
		The sugar cane plant is a coarse growing member of the grass family with juice or sap high in sugar content.
		It is neutralized with lime, which precipitates some of the colloids and other non sugars and also stops conversion of sucrose to reducing sugars.
	corascreations.com /sugarcane.html (1265 words)

	Sugar Cane (washingtonpost.com)
		A principal source of sucrose, sugar cane is a perennial grass that is believed to have originated in either Southeast Asia or the South Pacific.
		In the production of crystallized sugar, mature canes anywhere from four to 10 feet in length are field-cut and trucked to processing plants, where steam turbines squeeze the crop for its juice.
		Canes are past their prime when the flesh is dry and brown or red.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A53983-2004Aug10.html (654 words)

	Ethnobotanical Leaflets
		The solid waste that is left after extraction of the sugar is known as pulp or sugarcane bagasse, which is dried and used as a fuel (Harris and Staples, 1998).
		Sugar is not only a well known home food additive, but also plays a large role in industrial fermentation.
		Sugar is a raw material used in the fermentation of ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, glycerin, citric acid, and levulinic acid.
	www.siu.edu /~ebl/leaflets/cane.htm (1089 words)

	SKIL - Learn How Sugar Is Made
		The remaining 30% is produced from sugar beet, a root crop resembling a large parsnip grown mostly in the temperate zones of the north.
		Raw sugar is made where the sugar cane grows and white sugar is made from the raw sugar in the country where it is needed.
		Sugar cane is a genus of tropical grasses which requires strong sunlight and abundant water for satisfactory growth.
	www.sucrose.com /learn.html (808 words)

	SKIL - History of Sugar
		It is thought that cane sugar was first used by man in Polynesia from where it spread to India.
		The secret of cane sugar, as with many other of man's discoveries, was kept a closely guarded secret whilst the finished product was exported for a rich profit.
		Sugar beet was first identified as a source of sugar in 1747.
	www.sucrose.com /lhist.html (685 words)

	HISTORY OF SUGAR LAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		But it wasn’t long before sugar cane became the area’s primary cash crop and the land, rich in sugar cane, was appropriately renamed Sugar Land.
		In 1843, the sugar industry began in the form of a mill to process the sugar cane.
		Sugar Land Independent School District eventually became part of Fort Bend ISD, an outstanding school system that today is a major attraction for Sugar Land families.
	www.sugarmillinfo.com /Directory.htm (1309 words)

	Sugar Cane Transport
		Sugar cane is one of the bulkiest of crops.
		Although cane needed to be towed long distances, the river offered the potential for tugs with a draft of 7 feet of water compared with the shallow boats employed on the Clarence.
		Although cane tramways were initially constructed by estates, it was the central mill which was to use the technology to the greatest extent, and thereby achieve the efficiency of cane transport to achieve the economies of scale possible from larger mill capacity.
	www.lrrsa.org.au /LRR_SGRb.htm (6778 words)

	Sugar History
		So valuable was sugar for the economy that the law allowed compulsory purchase of land for it, and water could be taken from whatever source; workers were also bound to the industry by law and were free from arrest during the season when the refineries were working." says Smith's "A History of Sicily.
		"Sugar and spices played an important part in food in the Middle Ages....as early as the reign of Henry II sugar also was being imported to serve the purpose of sweetening.....by 1264 the price had dropped to 2s./lb....and by 1334 it could be bought for 7d.
		Ordinary sugar was available in varying degrees of fineness, although most of it came in the form of 'loaves', which varied in size from about 1 lb.
	www.maggierose.20megsfree.com /sugar.html (5533 words)

	Philippines Sugar Cane industry
		Sugar cane is a massive, bamboo-like grass of genus "Saccharum", tribe "Andropogonaeae", and family "Poaceae".
		Sugar cane is a delicate plant, and there was always a need for plenty of fertilizer, irrigation, and a workforce that would work long hard hours of backbreaking labor without complaint - or without choice, as in the case of slaves.
		However, there were many flaws in the sugar system, not the least of which were the extremely inequitable land distribution inherent in a sharecropping system and the dependence on the kindness of strangers (in the form of the Yank's continued subsidization of sugar via the quota system).
	www.apmforum.com /columns/orientseas17.htm (2599 words)

	Sugar Cane - Southern Matters
		Cane mills mean a simpler time to me. They bring forth images of friends and families working cooperatively in community-oriented, low-impact subsistence farming.
		At the same time, his mother had her own struggles, but took the time to go to a cane grinding, an oasis of plenty and pleasure in the Depression, though not a cure for pellagra, which hit many rural folks, including Della's sister Belle, then.
		We have been with Elma over to her house 3 nights this week to the cane grinding sure was large crowd their.
	www.southernmatters.com /sugarcane (1566 words)

	sugar cane crusher, sugarcane production plant, sugar and jaggery plant, sugarcane crusher, india
		Cane passes and is crushed first between top roller and bagasse roller.Two rollers are adjustable.Fine circular Vee grooves provided on the rollers causes heavy extraction of juice and breakage of cane fibres giving fine bagasse.
		This is a batch type machine which separates sugar and molasses by centrifugal action.Liquid molasses pass through very small holes of the screen fixed on periphery,while sugar crystals bigger than the holes of the screen,cannot pass through it.Hence sugar is retained inside the screen.
		These sugar is retained inside the screen.These sugar crystals are washed by water or steam sprinkling.Sugar is then dried under the sun and molasses is reboiled for jaggery making.
	www.amproexports.com /sugar-jaggery.html (543 words)

	sugar cane in barbados -- sugar cane in barbados (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sugar cane is still a large part of the economy in Barbados, the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe...
		The land is fertile and well cultivated (sugar cane is the main crop).The coral structure of the island acts as a natural filter, and the water of Barbados is among the purest in the world...
		sugar, cocoa, and bananas, 66%; Martiniqueóbananas, coffee, cocoa, and sugar, 70%, and Barbadosósugar cane, 77%.
	www.findbarbados.com /sugarcaneinbarbados (3985 words)

	Sugar Cane, Pineapple, Coffee & Morinda
		Because of cheaper labor in other regions of the world, the Hawaiian sugar cane industry is slowly being replaced with other profitable agricultural (fruit) crops and the tourist industry.
		Cane fields are often burned prior to harvesting the stems.
		The thick, brown, sugary syrup produced during the separation of sugar crystals from the ground-up cane is called molasses.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /ecoph15.htm (2057 words)

	EFFECT ON PRODUCTION OF SUGAR CANE AND ON SOIL FERTILITY OF
		The advantages of trash burning are to destroy some harmful diseases and insects in the cane field, to provide some small amounts of potassium and phosphate for cane growing and to make the ratoon preparation easier after harvesting.
		Yields of the whole plant and of the cane stalk were closely related to the growth rate and were increased by N fertilization and by mulching with the dead leaves.
		On one day before the end of the experiment, five cane plants were chosen at random in each plot and analysed for: (i) Brix using a hand refractometer (Atago-Japan); and (ii) major nutrients (by standard methods).
	www.cipav.org.co /lrrd/lrrd7/2/9.htm (1474 words)

	Meagher: Sugarcane IPM
		Table 1 shows cane yield (tons cane/acre), sugar yield (tons sugar/acre) and sugar recovery rate for the areas that commercially produce sugarcane.
		Reduction in borer populations due to insecticide applications not always translated to an increase in sugar yield or quality, prompting a call for a better understanding of the relationship between sugarcane borer biology and the use of insecticides.
		Varietal resistance in sugar cane to stalk moth borers, pp.
	ipmworld.umn.edu /chapters/meagher.htm (2779 words)

	cane sugar on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Franciscotame Catillo harvests sugar cane in a field near Mariel, Cuba.
		Women harvest sugar cane at Souillac, Mauritius, 1992.
		Lorry drivers buy sugar cane to chew while they wait for the ferry to cross the Padma (Ganges) river.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-canesuga.asp (419 words)

	Chao Tom recipe \| Shrimp Mousse over Sugar Cane recipe \| Thai recipes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Cover the middle of each stick of sugar cane with 3 tablespoons of the prawn mixture, pressing lightly.
		Cover the exposed ends of the sugar cane stick with foil.
		As an entrée: Cut mousse off the sugar cane into pieces and wrap in rice paper with lettuce leaves and herbs.
	www.recipegoldmine.com /worldviet/viet91.htm (128 words)

	Sugar Cane - Bulletins - Southern Matters
		Excerpts from a long-out-of-print booklet that are interest to hobbyists who wish to replicate the methods used prior to the last half of the previous century.
		Sorghum and Sugar Cane Mills and Evaporators, &c.
		Includes directions and hints for operating a cane mill, instructions for use of portable evaporator and directions for building arches and stationary pans.
	www.southernmatters.com /sugarcane/bulletins.htm (545 words)

	Barbados Sugar Cane Industry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Due to the limited sugar cane harvesting window on Barbados and new facility installation lead times, any significant delays in the proposed schedule will result in missing the 2005 sugar cane harvest, delay the project by an additional year, and forego significant revenue streams.
		CBET deems it critical that Barbados Sugar Cane Industry Development Inc. management team be trained and mentored in strategic management, marketing, operations (technical, administrative and information technology), human resources, finance, corporate and legal issues and be trained in numerous aspects of distribution, sales and international business requirements.
		A relationship must be established with the Department of Agriculture to insure that a sugar cane industry favourable 'Land Use Policy' is enacted by the government.
	www.cbet-inc.org /investment/barsugar.html (1521 words)

	Lahaina Kaanapali Railroad
		From December to April, it is a common sight to spot humpback whales frolicking in our warm Pacific waters.
		Railroads traveled through the history of Hawaii for more than 100 years, hauling sugar cane to the mills, and transporting workers between their homes and the canefields.
		Steam locomotives became a picturesque part of the Hawaiian landscape, sounding their haunting whistles as they rounded a mountain curve, or plowed along narrow-guage track between fields of sugar cane and plantation villages.
	www.sugarcanetrain.com /index.html (191 words)

	Sugar cane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Posted At My husband recently planted some sugar cane plamts.
		Posted At The most destructive insects of sugar cane are stem-borers, the larvae of several genera of moths.
		The main pests of sugar cane are the spotted borer, Chilo sacchariphagus, the scale insect, Aulacaspis tegalensis, the armyworms, Mythimna spp.and the white grubs, Heteronychus licas and Phyllophaga smithi.
	www.gardentimeonline.com /forums/Message_Board/posts/679.html (114 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Handbook of Cane Sugar Engineering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A must for sugar industry libraries and for engineers and chemists wishing to keep up to date with the latest in sugar technology.
		It is useful to both the one working in a sugar factory and the one who designs and constructs the apparatus.
		One point that may be added for futur editions is a small chapter on structural steel work that exist in a sugar factory, which constitute an important % of the investment.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/ASIN/0444424385/sugarengineerlib (655 words)

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