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Topic: Caniformia

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	CONK! Encyclopedia: Bear (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Bears are members of the Order Carnivora, Sub-Order Caniformia, and Family Ursidae.
		Other members of the Caniformia include wolves and other dog-like mammals (Family Canidae), weasels, skunks, and badgers (Family Mustelidae), raccoons (Family Procyonidae), and walruses (Family Odobenidae), seals (Family Phocidae), and sea lions (Family Otariidae).
		Although bears are often described as having evolved from a dog-like ancestor, their closest living relatives are the pinnipeds (walruses, seals, and sea lions).
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Bear (1407 words)

	Chronology of Wolf Evolution
		The miacids are divided into two groups: the miacines with a full complement of molars and the viverravines with a reduced number of molars and more specialized carnnassials.
		The Caniformia have an auditory bulla that is single-chambered (bears, weasels, raccoons, seals, etc.) or partially divided (dogs).
		This is the first split within the Caniformia.
	www.searchingwolf.com /wevolve.htm (1343 words)

	Dancing bear Definition / Dancing bear Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		While the Giant Panda is an herbivore, nearly all others eat meat as their primary diet item: some (like the cat family) almost exclusively, others (like the bears and foxes) are further omnivorous.
		Although bears are often described as having evolved from a dog-like ancestor, their closest living relatives are the pinnipeds (walru...
		Other members of the Caniformia include wolves and other dog-like mammals (Family Canidae), weasels, skunks, and badgers (Family Mustelidae Mustelidae is a family of carnivorous mammals.
	www.elresearch.com /Dancing_bear (559 words)

	Pritzker Laboratory - Research Assistants
		The preliminary focus of this project is systematics, and there are unanswered questions at multiple levels.
		Problematic affinities include the inter- and intra-familial relationships of taxa within the two major lineages of Carnivora (Feliformia and Caniformia), as well as interordinal relationships between Carnivora and other eutherian mammals.
		Once a robust phylogeny is generated using molecular and morphological characters, models and rates of taxic and molecular evolution can be examined.
	www.fieldmuseum.org /research_collections/pritzker_lab/pritzker/people/alumni_zehr.html (226 words)

	Lioncrusher's Domain -- Order Carnivora
		There was another order of carnivores that existed during this period, the Creodonta, though they did not give rise to the modern carnivores, and instead became extinct in the early Pliocene (4-5 mya).
		Based on dental morphology, the Caniformia resembles the Miacidae, and the Feliformia resembles the Viverravidae.
		The Nimravidae (sabre-toothed cats) in the Feliformia group, and the Amphicyonidae (bear-dogs) in the Caniformia group, became extinct in the Pliocene (4-5 mya), along with the Creodonts.
	www.lioncrusher.com /order_carnivora.html (1217 words)

	Journal of Paleontology: A revision of Tapocyon (Carnivoramorpha), including analysis of the first cranial specimens ...
		These specimens include the first cranial material for the genus, significantly increase the knowledge of the anatomy of Tapocyon and enhance understanding of the phylogeny of this taxon and other early carnivorans.
		Tapocyon can be placed tentatively within the Caniformia (Carnivora, Mammalia) based on the following combination of characters: reduced parastyle and protocone on P4; continuous lingual cingulum on upper molars; retention of M3/3; short m2 talonid; moderately deep and narrow metastyle notch on P4; and hypoconid larger than hypoconulid on m2.
		Traditionally, Tapocyon has been considered to be a member of the Caniformia, and interpreted as very similar to Prodaphaenus and Uintacyon based almost exclusively on dental characters (Peterson, 1919; Stock, 1934; Flynn and Galiano, 1982; Flynn, 1998).
	www.zoeticzone.com /p/articles/mi_qa3790/is_200307/ai_n9278963 (1132 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Archonta - group consisting of primates, bats, tree shrews, and colugos.
		Caniformia - group consisting of dogs, bears, raccoons, weasels, and seals.
		Creodonts - first thought to be ancestors of carnivorous mammals.
	www.carleton.ca /Museum/sabretooth/GLOSS.HTM (169 words)

	Dr
		As the most ancient group in the order Carnivora, the family Canidae is the first to emerge from the more archaic group of Miacidae.
		The phylogenetic relationships of the Canidae indicates that it is the most primitive among the dog-like carnivores (Caniformia) and is a sister to the Arctoidea.
		Ancestral canid (in the subfamily Hesperocyoninae) begins to have a ossified bony middle ear cavity and elongated limbs adapted for fast running.
	www.nhm.org /exhibitions/dogs/evolution/canid_evolution.htm (652 words)

	Hungry Hyaena: Crocuta crocuta: Part 2
		Dogs, bears, raccoons, weasels and badgers are all members of sub-order Caniformia.
		The physical appearance and greeting behaviors of the Hyaenidae family - four species: spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta), striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena), brown hyaena (Hyaena brunnea) and Aardwolf (Proteles cristata) - lead many to assume that they belong to Caniformia as well.
		In fact, hyaenas are more closely related to the house cat sleeping on the ground next to me; they are members of sub-order Feliformia.
	hungryhyaena.blogspot.com /2005/05/crocuta-crocuta-part-2.html (2299 words)

	Mammalogy Lecture 13
		Notice the deep split between (suborders) Feliformia and Caniformia (ignore the extinct Creodonts)
		The brown hyena is endangered due to persecution because they are perceived as livestock predators
		Families: suborder Caniformia; mostly dog-like families, but some seals and the walrus
	www-msc.bhsu.edu /biology/bsmith/mammlec13.html (1701 words)

	Pharyngula::Cats, candy, and evolution
		According to morphological and molecular evidence, the available phylogeny of the order Carnivora consists of two groups, the Feliformia (cats, mongooses, civets, and hyenas) and the Caniformia (wolves, bears, raccoons, mustelids, and pinnipeds) [23,24].
		It is difficult to determine when the alteration of Tas1r2 occurred and whether it preceded or followed the cat ancestor's change in diet to exclude plants.
		Clearly, because dogs have a human-like T1R2 structure (see Figure 1) and an avidity for sweet carbohydrates [25], the changes in the cat Tas1r2 must have occurred after the divergence of the Feliformia and the Caniformia.
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/cats_candy_and_evolution/P25 (3873 words)

	Creationist Mindblocks to Whale Evolution
		After all, such musings have no place in a scientific treatise.
		Besides, the Cynoidea (or Caniformia, the suborder of carnivores that bears belong to) gave rise to the pinnipeds (seals, sea lions and walruses), other marine mammals.
		The answer lies within the ungulates, that much is certain.
	www.angelfire.com /fl/direpuppy/mindblocks.html (3678 words)

	Comparative Placentation
		Pinnipedia have generally been separated as a distinct Order although previous grouping under Carnivora has been debated (Nowak, 1999).
		Thus, most recently, Wozencraft (1993) gave reasons to place these animals again under Carnivora as a suborder Caniformia, and their placentation surely would be consistent with this placement.
		Clearly they are an offshoot of the Carnivora and arguments can be provided to use either placement, a topic that is detailed sufficiently in Nowak (1999).
	medicine.ucsd.edu /cpa/seal.htm (4087 words)

	Main Page
		Members of the family Limnocyonidae, have long skulls and narrow snouts.
		The early true carnivores are the miacoids (Caniformia).
		They were similar in size and appearance to ferrets.
	www.sinc.sunysb.edu /Stu/bburger/MainPage.html (4371 words)

	mammals
		Fissipeds also start in the paleocene and dominate today.
		These include the feliformia (Cats, haenas, civits, and mongoose) and the Caniformia (dogs, racoons, bears, Sea Lions, and Weasels)
		Condylarths Paleocene (just about it) fairly undifferentiated from the primitive type
	www.weber.edu /bdattilo/fossils/notes/mammals.html (981 words)

	Evolutionary molecular systematics of vertebrates
		Kim KS, Lee SE, Jeong HW, Ha JH (1998) The complete nucleotide sequence of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) mitochondrial genome.
		Ledje C, Arnason U (1996a) Phylogenetic analyses of complete cytochrome b sequences of the order Carnivora with particular emphasis on the Caniformia.
		Ledje C, Arnason U (1996b) Phylogenetic relationships within caniform carnivores based on the analyses of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene.
	www.biol.lu.se /cellorgbiol/phylogeny/proj_descr.html (4436 words)

	ORCCAMM - LUTRINAE: Marine Otter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Official nomenclature approved by the International Comission of Zoological Nomenclature - ICZN -
		The family Mustelidae belongs to the suborder Caniformia -animals that have paws with non-retractable claws- within the Order Carnivora, animals that eat meat.
		The species that belong to the family Mustelidae live in the ground, but some of them have evolved to become dependant on the aquatic environment.
	www.orccamm.org /lutrinae.htm (805 words)

	"An information resource on the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca: ecology, biology, conservation and captive care"
		Ledje, C.; Arnason, U. Phylogenetic analyses of complete cytochrome b genes of the order Carnivora with particular emphasis on the Caniformia.
		Abstract: The evolutionary relationships among the Carnivora were studied in a phylogenetic analysis based on the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.
		The study, which addressed primarily the relationships among the Caniformia, included 4 feliform and 26 caniform species, with 9 pinnipeds.
	www.nal.usda.gov /awic/pubs/panda.htm (4108 words)

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