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Topic: Cannabidiol

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Cannabinol

Tetrahydrocannabivarin

Cannabinoids

Psychoactive substance

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	Cannabidiol: The Wonder Drug of the 21st Century?
		Cannabidiol, CBD, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid of Marijuana, was given to 5 patients with dystonia disorders.
		Cannabidiol reported having slept significantly more than those receiving placebo; seven out of eight epileptics receiving Cannabidiol had improvement of their disease state.
		Cannabidiol (CBD) which is not psychoactive, is very high in fiber-type hemp but low in drug-type marijuana.
	www.druglibrary.org /schaffer/hemp/medical/cannabid.htm (803 words)

	Cannabidiol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cannabidiol, also known as CBD, is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa.
		CBD alone is not psychoactive, but it appears to reduce the euphoric effect of THC (which is an isomer of cannabidiol) and add a sedative quality.
		It may decrease the rate of THC clearance from the body, perhaps by interfering with the metabolism of THC in the liver.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cannabidiol (189 words)

	Vision Quest - Marijuana Compund May Help Stop Diabetic Retinopathy
		Early studies indicate cannabidiol works as a consummate multi-tasker to protect the eye from growing a plethora of leaky blood vessels, the hallmark of diabetic retinopathy, said Dr. Gregory I. Liou, molecular biologist.
		Cannabidiol seems to neutralize the toxic superoxides, then inhibit the self-destructive system and allow the self-produced endogenous cannabinoids to linger by inhibiting the enzyme that destroys them.
		Cannabidiol also helps keep microglial cells from turning on nerve cells by inhibiting cannabinoid receptors on microglial cells that are at least partially responsible for their ability to destroy rather than support the cells.
	www.mcg.edu /news/mcgtomorrow/d2.htm (686 words)

	Arthritis Research Campaign \| Marijuana component has anti-arthritic effect in mice, ARC research reveals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Cannabidiol was just as effective when given orally as when it was injected into the body, making it an attractive option for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in humans.
		The next stage in the development of cannabidiol as a treatment for patients with rheumatoid arthritis would be a small-scale clinical trial - on people.
		Many studies indicate that tetrahydrocannabidiol, or THC, widely known as the psychologically active component of the drug, is also an important regulator of the immune system, and as such may play a role in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease.
	www.arc.org.uk /newsviews/press/jun2000/cannabis.htm (289 words)

	Cannabidiol and (-)Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants -- Hampson et al. 95 (14): 8268 -- ...
		Cannabidiol and (-)Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol are neuroprotective antioxidants -- Hampson et al.
		observed with cannabidiol and THC was unaffected by cannabinoid
		Tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced toxicity was examined in the presence or absence of cannabidiol.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/14/8268 (3861 words)

	Marijuana compound could fight rheumatoid arthritis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Animals with collagen-induced arthritis, a condition similar to rheumatoid arthritis in humans, were given daily oral doses of cannabidiol and ended up with less severe joint damage than other mice with the disease, researchers report.
		The findings suggest that cannabidiol has a "potent anti-arthritic effect," at least in mice, according to the report in the Early Edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
		Straus concludes that the safety and efficacy of cannabidiol as a treatment for arthritis are conceivable, and that the time has come for "critical scrutiny" of the therapeutic effects of cannabis constituents as compared with whole-plant products.
	www.personalmd.com /news/n0801045233.shtml (358 words)

	Hemp Evolution: Cannabis Activist Information & Resources & (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Cannabidiol and other cannabinoids were examined as neuroprotectants in rat cortical neuron cultures exposed to toxic levels of the neurotransmitter, glutamate.
		In a head to head trial of the abilities of various antioxidants to prevent glutamate toxicity, cannabidiol was superior to both alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate in protective capacity.
		Recent preliminary studies in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia suggest that cannabidiol may be at least as effective in vivo as seen in these in vitro studies.
	www.hempevolution.org /study/protective_antioxidants.htm (189 words)

	Tocris - Neurochemicals, Signal Transduction Agents, Peptides, Biochemicals
		Shown to be a weak CB receptor antagonist and inhibitor of anandamide uptake (IC values are 3.35 and 27.5 mM respectively) and a weak agonist at VR1 vanilloid receptors (EC mM).
		Bisogno et al (2001) Molecular targets for cannabidiol and its synthetic analogues: effect on vanilloid VR1 receptors and on the cellular uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis of anandamide.
		Costa et al (2004) Vanilloid TRPV1 receptor mediates the antihyperalgesic effect of the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol, in a rat model of acute inflammation.
	www.tocris.com /dispprod.php?ItemId=46925 (243 words)

	Cannabidiol and tumours - File cancer - Hemp and Medicine - Welcome to www.hemp-info.ch! The specialist for hemp ...
		In cell experiments cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychotropic cannabinoid, inhibited the migration [1] of tumour cells.
		CBD caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of the migration of glioma cells.
		Cannabidiol inhibits tumour growth in leukaemia and breast cancer
	www.chanvre-info.ch /info/en/Cannabidiol-and-tumours.html (107 words)

	Marijuana ... yum!
		In test-tube experiments, researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Md., exposed rat nerve cells to a toxin that is typically released during strokes.
		Like cannabidiol, this compound is an antioxidant and does not produce euphoria.
		The NIH researchers don't anticipate using cannabidiol to treat hemorrhagic stroke, characterized by bleeding within the brain, Hampson says.
	www.angelfire.com /il2/mapleparklibrary/alley/doc09.html (592 words)

	Marijuana Could Help Stroke Victims -- 07/06/1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		"Cannabidiol is a desirable candidate for a side-effect-free therapeutic agent because it does not...produce euphoria," said Dr. Aidan Hampson, one of the researchers who worked on the study.
		But cannabidiol, acting as an anti-oxidant, was able to protect brain cells from these toxins, the report said.
		Researchers stressed that cannabidiol does not produce the "high" associated with marijuana use, but noted that the psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, THC, can also help prevent brain damage.
	www.cnsnews.com /indepth/archive/199807/IND19980706c.html (278 words)

	Potential medical uses of Cannabis
		Cannabidiol interferes with the effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in man. Eur.
		Beneficial and adverse effects of cannabidiol in a Parkinson patient with sinemet-induced dystonic dyskinesia.
		Stimulation of sphingomyelin hydrolysis by cannabidiol in fibroblasts from a Niemann-Pick patient.
	users.lycaeum.org /~sky/data/laake.html (1023 words)

	Marijuana protects your brain
		Experiments with rat nerve cells, and then with actual rats, suggest that THC and cannabidiol, both compounds found in marijuana, can protect cells by acting as antioxidants, and could be useful in the treatment and prevention of stroke, heart attacks, and neurodegenerative diseases.
		Researchers are investigating how cannabidiol and other antioxidants can reduce the severity of damage from "ischaemic strokes", in which blood vessels in the brain become blocked.
		Cannabidiol has potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, so it can neutralize free radicals and limit their damage.
	www.cannabisculture.com /articles/1418.html (478 words)

	The State of Medical Marijuana in Washington : Medical Cannabis: Rational Guidelines for Dosing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Other major plant cannabinoids include cannabidiol and cannabinol, both of which may modify the pharmacology of THC and have distinct effects of their own.
		Cannabidiol is the second most prevalent of cannabis's active ingredients and may produce most of its effects at moderate, mid range doses.
		Cannabidiol breaks down to cannabinol as the plant matures.[15] Much less is known about cannabinol, although it appears to have distinct pharmacological properties that are quite different from cannabidiol.
	www.cannabismd.org /foundation/mmjdosingguidelines.php (3505 words)

	Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 1942 on Marijauna, "5 Stars" A indepth Report With Lots of diagrams. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The complicated and extensive chemical investigations on the structure of cannabidiol, on the synthesis of cannabinol, and on the preparation of tetrahydrocannabinol and synthetic analogs, will be presented in very brief form and.
		The structure of the cannabidiol molecule was thus established except for the orientation of the two aliphatic double bonds in the dihydrocymyl residue.
		There is also presented the potencies of tetrahydrocannabinols of different optical rotations all derived from cannabidiol, the potency of an average purified red oil and of a highly active pordon of red oil obtained from it by extraordinarily careful fractionation.
	www.onlinepot.org /reefermadness/nybulletin1942.htm (7383 words)

	Cannabis Research - Medical Uses - epilepsy/convulsions
		The influence of cannabidiol and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cobalt epilepsy in rats.
		The mechanisms of the anticonvulsant activity of cannabidiol (CBD) and the central excitation of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) were investigated electrophysiologically with conscious, unrestrained cobalt epileptic rats.
		Two cannabinoids, delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, and several reference drugs were compared relative to their effects in a recently developed anticonvulsant test system, the after-discharge potentials of the visually evoked response; the potentials were recorded electrophysiologically from electrodes permanently mounted over the visual cortices of conscious rats.
	www.ukcia.org /research/medline/5e.htm (1530 words)

	[No title]
		The greatest progress was made in 1940-1942 by American and British authors in determining the chemical structure of the closely related components of the "red oil" (cannabinol, cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol), as well as in identifying the tetrahydrocannabinols (THCs) as active principles of the drug.
		The recently isolated cannabidiolic acid was found to be a sedative and antibacterial agent of the drug.
		After the isolation of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) by Krejci and ?antavy [31] and by Schultz and Haffner[46], this hypothesis was modified.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/fr/bulletin/bulletin_1964-01-01_4_page005.html?print=yes (5654 words)

	Rethink - Cannabis research - details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In one study, people with schizophrenia who received a dose of cannabidiol experienced fewer side effects, less weight gain and prolaction compared with a similar group of people using amisulpride.
		In any case, cannabidiol is only one of the sixty active ingredients in cannabis.
		Even if cannabidiol does prove to have a therapeutic effect on psychotic symptoms, this does not change the evidence on cannabis itself.
	www.rethink.org /how_we_can_help/campaigning_for_change/cannabis_and_mental_illness/cannabis_3.html (705 words)

	Cannabidiol Dramatically Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Growth, Study Says - NORML (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Researchers reported that CBD acts as a more potent inhibitor of cancer cell growth than other cannabinoids, including THC, and noted that the compound is particularly efficacious in halting the spread of breast cancer cells by triggering apoptosis (programmed cell death).
		Previous studies have shown cannabinoids to reduce the size and halt the spread of glioma (brain tumor) cells in animals and humans in a dose dependent manner.
		Full text of the study, "Antitumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma," is available online at: http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/cgi/reprint/jpet.106.105247v1.
	www.norml.org /index.cfm?Group_ID=6917 (398 words)

	Cannabinoid Antioxidant Protects Brain Cells
		National Institutes of Health (NIH) scientists have discovered that cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive, naturally-occurring substance in the marijuana plant, is a potent antioxidant which can prevent brain cell death in an experimental stroke model.
		"Cannabidiol is a desirable candidate for a side-effect-free therapeutic agent because it does not activate cannabinoid receptors, which mediate marijuana's high," explained Hampson, of the NIMH Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation.
		Cannabidiol protected cultured rat brain cells against damage from glutamate and reactive oxygen species, performing better than vitamins C and E and as well as the potent antioxidant BHT.
	www.hempworld.com /hemp-cyberfarm_com/htms/articles/medicalm05.html (382 words)

	[No title]
		cannabidiol to healthy volunteers and to insomniacs and epileptic patients.
		cannabidiol for two days, 300 mg in the morning and 300 mg in the evening.
		cannabidiol may decrease the capacity to dream in itself, that is, the
	web.acsalaska.net /~warmgun/es005a.html (3012 words)

	Mainpage PD Dr. Markus Kathmann - English Version
		The mechanism of action of cannabidiol, one of the major constituents of cannabis, is not well understood but a noncompetitive interaction with mu opioid receptors has been suggested on the basis of saturation binding experiments.
		The aim of the present study was to examine whether cannabidiol is an allosteric modulator at this receptor, using kinetic binding studies, which are particularly sensitive for the measurement of allosteric interactions at G protein-coupled receptors.
		The present study shows that cannabidiol is an allosteric modulator at mu and delta opioid receptors.
	www.uni-bonn.de /~umv704/text2_eng.htm (2080 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The finding raises questions regarding the potential use of this marijuana component in the treatment of arthritis, according to a report in the August 15th issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that is being released Tuesday in the journal's electronic version.
		The scientists point out that whether the effects of cannabidiol are caused by an active metabolite of this compound or require the complete compound remains unclear, as do the mechanisms underlying the effects of cannabidiol on arthritis and the safety of the drug for long-term use.
		He concludes that the safety and efficacy of cannabidiol as a treatment for arthritis are conceivable, and that the time has come for "critical scrutiny" of the therapeutic effects of cannabis constituents as compared with whole-plant products.
	www.mult-sclerosis.org /news/Aug2000/MedMJRheumatoidarthritis.html (366 words)

	IACM-Bulletin
		Science: Cannabidiol inhibits tumour growth in leukaemia and breast cancer in animal studies
		Italian researchers investigated the anti-tumour effects of five natural cannabinoids of the cannabis plant (cannabidiol, cannabigerol, cannabichromene, cannabidiol-acid and THC-acid) in breast cancer.
		Cannabidiol (CBD) was the most potent cannabinoid in inhibiting the growth of human breast cancer cells that had been injected under the skin of mice.
	www.acmed.org /english/bulletin/ww_en_db_cannabis_artikel.php?id=220 (913 words)

	Cannabidiol, a marijuana compound, may help stop diabetic retinopathy
		Early studies indicate cannabidiol works to protect the eye from growing a plethora of leaky blood vessels, the hallmark of diabetic retinopathy, says Gregory I. Liou, at the Medical College of Georgia.
		That's why cannabidiol, an antioxidant, may help save the retina.
		Test-tube studies by others, as well as Liou's pilot studies in diabetic animal models show cannabidiol works to interrupt essentially all these destructive points of action.
	www.xagena.it /news/medicinenews_net_news/549d841c3704e2b6a273a258dd0b6f17.html (534 words)

	Cannabis and the Brain: A User's Guide by Paul Armentano
		Not only has modern science refuted the notion that marijuana is neurotoxic, recent scientific discoveries have indicated that cannabinoids are, in fact, neuroprotective, particularly against alcohol-induced brain damage.
		Post-ischemic treatment with cannabidiol prevents electroencephalographic flattening, hyperlocomotion and neuronal injury in gerbils.
		Anti-tumor effects of cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic cannabinoid, on human glioma cell lines.
	www.lewrockwell.com /armentano-p/armentano-p10.htm (1097 words)

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