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Topic: Cannabis rescheduling in the United States

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Legal issues of cannabis

Medical marijuana

Cannabis (drug)

1937 Marijuana Tax Act

Ed Rosenthal

United States Department of Health and Human Services

	Clinton Goveas :: Wikipedia Reference
		Cannabis (also known as marijuana or ganja in its herbal form, or hashish in its resinous form) is a psychoactive drug produced from parts of the Cannabis sativa plant.
		In many countries cannabis is outlawed, so the cannabis user may very easily find himself or herself in situations where other illegal drugs are being used, or he or she may make acquaintance with people who use other substances illegally through the process of purchasing cannabis from fl market dealers.
		In the United States, government advertisements encourage parents to disregard their own experience with cannabis when speaking to their children, on the premise that pot today is significantly stronger and thus more dangerous than that which they themselves might have smoked in the past.
	www.clintongoveas.com /wikipedia/?title=Cannabis_(drug) (5827 words)

	Ganja Bus Cannabis Growing Marijuana Seeds
		However, the use of cannabis by the general public is broadly tolerated, and a vigorous campaign to legalize cannabis is underway nation-wide.
		United States Available Speaker Newt Gingrich (himself an admitted former marijuana smoker [12]) in 1996 proposed to introduce a mandatory death penalty for a second offense of smuggling 50 grams of marijuana into the United States, in the proposed law H.R. The proposal failed.
		Under the 1994 Crime Act, the threshold for sentencing a death penalty in relation to marijuana is the involvement with the cultivation or distribution of 60,000 marijuana plants (or seedlings) or 60,000 kilograms of marijuana.
	www.ganjabus.com (4563 words)

	More on Legalization of Marijuana
		In the United Kingdom, law enforcement officials have expressed similar intentions: in 2002, police commander Brian Paddick in Brixton, England, instructed his officers not to arrest those found in possession of cannabis, and instead to issue on-the-spot warnings and confiscate the drugs.
		The state of South Australia, the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory have decriminalized possession of small quantities of cannabis, and growing limited numbers of plants for personal use; the government charges an on-the-spot fine of A$150 for people caught with less than 100gm.
		In 1996 in the United States, Newt Gingrich, who was the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives at the time, planned to introduce a mandatory death penalty for a second offense of smuggling 50 grams of marijuana into the United States, in the proposed law H.R. The proposal failed.
	www.eduhistory.com /legalization-of-marijuana.htm (1810 words)

	Cannabis rescheduling in the United States - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cannabis rescheduling in the United States is the proposed removal of marijuana from Schedule I, the most tightly restricted category of drugs, by the U.S. Congress or the Attorney General.
		In some ways, cannabis is indisputably safer than prescription narcotics such as oxycodone and morphine, since there are no records of anyone ever dying from a cannabis overdose.
		The Cannabis Corporation of America, a pharmaceutical firm established with the intention of extracting natural cannabinoids for therapeutic use when cannabis is placed in Schedule II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cannabis_rescheduling_in_the_United_States (4007 words)

	Harm reduction - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Among other arguments, they point out that health risks of cannabis use are relatively low, that cannabis is used anyway despite attempts to outlaw it, and that the prohibition might have the effect of criminalizing and marginalizing otherwise law-abiding cannabis users.
		Cannabis decriminalization has been a hotly debated issue in many parts of the world, especially in many Western European countries such as Belgium, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, and Spain, where some measures have been taken towards lifting the ban on cannabis.
		DanceSafe is a not-for-profit organization in the United States, wherein volunteers situated at raves and similar events perform free-of-charge tests on pills that participants bought on the assumption they were Ecstasy.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Harm_reduction (2429 words)

	United States v. OCBC - NORML
		In the nine states where the people have determined by their political and legislative processes that medical use of cannabis for the chronically or termi nally is a right and a choice made between doctor and patient, medical cannabis is elevated to a privacy and due process right.
		States are thus enabled to deal with local exigencies and to exert in the absence of conflict with federal legislation an essential protective power.
		United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967):the individual's legitimate expectations that in certain places and at certain times he has "the right to be let alone:the most comprehensive of rights and the right most valued by civilized men." Olmstead v.
	www.norml.org /index.cfm?Group_ID=4950 (5904 words)

	Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs Summary
		In fact, regulations on the cannabis plant – as well as the opium poppy, the coca bush, poppy straw and cannabis leaves – were embedded in the text of the treaty, making it impossible to deregulate them through the normal Scheduling process.
		It is possible that the cannabis being used in Europe may not be the same species that is used in developing countries and that is causing untold health hazards to the young people who are finding themselves in hospitals for treatment.
		Such is the case for cannabis and cannabis resin which are classified with heroin in group IV for the sole reason that they lack therapeutic value.
	www.bookrags.com /Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs (9167 words)

	Marijuana Research: Medical Cannabis and Rescheduling, Federal Medical Marijuana Policy
		Rescheduling is an administrative process in which the government reviews recent scientific research and decides if the regulatory status of a drug should be changed.
		The purpose of the rescheduling petition is to have the federal government acknowledge that cannabis has an accepted medical use in the United States and that its abuse potential is significantly lower than Schedule I drugs such as heroin.
		Rescheduling provides a way for the movement to succeed by providing a context that allows professionals and all interested stakeholders to innovate in a way that has a direct and profound impact on public policy.
	www.drugscience.org /lib/freq_qst.html (860 words)

	No. 00-151: United States v. Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative - Petition
		The Solicitor General, on behalf of the United States of America, respectfully petitions for a writ of certiorari to review the judgment of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in this case.
		United States, 359 U.S. 19, 22 n.8 (1959) (continuing purpose of Congress reflected in subsequently-enacted legislation).
		Eight state courts have held that the defense is unavailable.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/2000/2pet/7pet/2000-0151.pet.aa.html (4170 words)

	Medical cannabis at AllExperts
		Cannabis was listed in the United States Pharmacopeia from 1850 until 1942, however the United States federal government does not currently recognize any legitimate medical use.
		Cannabis as a medicine was common throughout most of the world in the 1800s.
		Representatives of the United States federal government have claimed that decriminalizing cannabis in Canada may disrupt border trade and relations between the two countries; many Canadians believe that this remains the primary obstacle to decriminalization in Canada.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/me/medical_cannabis.htm (4862 words)

	Cannabis rescheduling - Alternative medicine - Alternative medicine
		Cannabis rescheduling, or cannabis reclassification, refers to efforts to transfer cannabis to a different category of controlled substances or remove it from control altogether.
		In the United States, it is in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, a category which allows no medical use.
		It is in Class C of the United Kingdom's Misuse of Drugs Act 1971, a category which does not allow arrest for possessionhttp://www.idmu.co.uk/homeoffpr.htm.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Cannabis_rescheduling (213 words)

	Tetrahydrocannabinol Summary
		It was isolated by Raphael Mechoulam and Yechiel Gaoni from the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot, Israel in 1964.
		It has been shown to assist some glaucoma patients by reducing pressure within the eye, and is used in the form of cannabis by a number of multiple sclerosis patients to relieve the spasms associated with their condition.
		In the United States, Marinol is a Schedule III drug, available by prescription, considered to be non-narcotic and to have a low risk of physical or mental dependence.
	www.bookrags.com /Tetrahydrocannabinol (1900 words)

	Nursing 645 Pharmacology for Advanced Practice Nurses
		Cannabis was placed into Schedule I by Congress in 1970 pursuant to the recommendation of Assistant Secretary of Health Roger O. Egeberg.
		Many state and local governments enforce age limits on the sale of products containing these substances (in addition to its inhalant properties, the sale of spray paint is restricted in some localities in an effort to curtail the incidence of graffiti vandalism).
		The states of Oregon and Iowa now require a prescription for pharmacies to dispense any cold remedy containing pseudoephedrine, due to pseudoephedrine-containing medications being widely used in the manufacture of methamphetamine.
	web.indstate.edu /mary/N645/mod14.htm (4057 words)

	More Info on legalization of marijuana - - legalisation of marijuana - - legalization of marijuanna
		In Germany and in Switzerland and Colombia, the consumption of cannabis is legal, although it is illegal to possess, sell or distribute it.
		Speaker Newt Gingrich in 1996 proposed to introduce a mandatory death penalty for a second offense of smuggling 50 grams of marijuana into the United States, in the proposed law H.R. The proposal failed.
		For a majority of residents in the State of Michigan, legalizing the private use of marijuana is still something they are not willing to accept.
	www.usgovernetics.com /Kyl-to-Lin/legalization_of_marijuana.php (2763 words)

	Healthvent.com -- Controlled Substances Act
		Rohypnol is not approved or available for medical use in the United States, but it is temporarily controlled in Schedule IV pursuant to a treaty obligation under the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
		In 2003, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit ruled the CSA illegal as it applied to the use of medical marijuana in the case Raich v.
		The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act (Public Law 108-105, HR 760, S 3) (1) (or "PBA Ban") is a United States law that bans partial-birth abortion made in or affecting interstate commerce.
	www.healthvent.com /controlled.html (2739 words)

	DEA Accepts Rescheduling Petition
		On April 3, 2003 the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) accepted the filing of a rescheduling petition seeking federal recognition of the accepted medical use of cannabis in the United States.
		The petition was filed by the Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis (CRC) on October 11, 2002.
		The Coalition’s petition provides considerable scientific and medical evidence to support its argument that cannabis does not belong in Schedule I. We have supplied the necessary data for the petition to be referred to HHS, and DEA has already spent six months studying the petition.
	www.pacifier.com /~alive/articles/reschedule_cannabis2.htm (439 words)

	NursingWorld \| Reading Room: Position Statement: Providing Patients Safe Access to Therapeutic Marijuana/Cannabis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Until 1937, cannabis was widely prescribed in the United States.
		While voters have approved the use of marijuana in these states, there are several where the administration and legislative bodies have refused to accept regulations or codify provider behaviors.
		Therefore, families and patients who gain access to or use marijuana/cannabis as adjunct therapy for symptom relief are still at risk for breaking the law (Wall, 2001).
	www.nursingworld.org /readroom/position/practice/cannabis.htm (921 words)

	Legalize.org » History of Cannabis Prohibition
		In some areas it could be openly purchased in bulk from grocers or in cigarette form at newsstands, though an increasing number of states had begun to outlaw it.
		In that year, federal law made possession or transfer of cannabis (without the purchase of a by-then incriminating tax stamp) illegal throughout the United States.
		Several petitions for cannabis rescheduling in the United States have been filed, since the Act permits legalization of marijuana through the executive branch.
	www.legalize.org /history-of-cannabis-prohibition (484 words)

	NORML - Friends of Cannabis - Hemp Heroes
		In 1972, NORML filed the first petition for cannabis rescheduling in the United States, and was very active throughout the 1970's.
		The NORML Foundation, the organization's tax-exempt unit, conducts educational and research activities.
		The report methodically estimated the value and number of marijuana plants grown in 1997, finding that DEA, state and local law enforcement agencies seized 32% of domestic marijuana plants planted that year.
	friendsofcannabis.com /friends/norml.htm (292 words)

	The Bulletin of Cannabis Reform
		Appendix 1 - Outdoor Marijuana Cultivation by State
		Appendix 2 - Indoor Marijuana Cultivation by State
		Effects of Cannabis Eradication on Cultivation Trends and General Availability
	www.drugscience.org /bcr/index.html (85 words)

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