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Topic: Canned laughter

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	Provine, Laughter
		Laughter is characterized by a decrescendo in which the laugh notes that are late in a sequence are usually lower in amplitude than earlier notes (presumably because we run out of air).
		Laughter is a decidedly social signal, not an egocentric expression of emotion.
		"Polite" laughter, for example, may be a forced effort on the part of the audience to signal their accord with the speaker, quite the opposite of the indignant "ha!" A speaker, in other cases, may buffer an aggressive comment with laughter or deliver a remark using "laugh-speak," a consciously controlled hybrid of laughter and speech.
	cogweb.ucla.edu /Abstracts/Provine_96.html (3914 words)

	Sitcoms without the laughter \| Ask MetaFilter
		They might punch up the laughter afterwards if the real audience didn't measure up, but there is no version without the audience sounds.
		"Canned laughter" and "laugh track" are synonyms for laughter added in post-production, like foley sound effects.
		The actors "hold for laughter" between the designated punchlines in complete silence, and all laughs are added in post.
	ask.metafilter.com /53950/Sitcoms-without-the-laughter (758 words)

	In These Times \| Will You Laugh for Me, Please?
		Canned laughter marks a true “return of the repressed,” an attitude we usually attribute to “primitives.” Recall, in traditional societies, the weird phenomenon of “weepers,” women hired to cry at funerals.
		This role can be played not only by another human being, but by a machine, as in the case of Tibetan prayer wheels: I put a written prayer into a wheel and mechanically turn it (or, even better, link the wheel to a mill that turns it).
		This supplied laughter is similar to the canned laughter of the TV set, but in this example, the agent that laughs instead of us (i.e., through which we, the bored and embarrassed public, laugh) is not an anonymous audio track claiming to laugh for an invisible public—the “Big Other”—but the narrator of the joke himself.
	www.inthesetimes.com /comments.php?id=290_0_4_0_C (1539 words)

	OpinionJournal - Leisure & Arts Responses
		Canned laughter perpetuates the myth or the big lie depending on your point of view.
		Another plus is that canned laughter can be used as a cue, lest one laugh too long and miss the next line.
		When the canned laughter stops, you know it's time for the next line and you should stop laughing in order to catch the next zinger.
	www.opinionjournal.com /la/responses.html?article_id=110003464 (1437 words)

	THE EFFECTS OF CANNED LAUGHTER ON BYSTANDER APATHY
		This study was conducted to see if canned laughter had any effect on bystander apathy during a stressful situation and according to the results, it does.
		This may suggest that laughter can have effects on a person even when they are in danger, or even in painful situations.
		The purpose of this study is to find the results that laughter has on a bystander by incorporating a laugh track in a made-up emergency situation and comparing those results to a made-up emergency situation without a laugh track.
	clearinghouse.missouriwestern.edu /manuscripts/824.asp?logon=&code= (1714 words)

	laugh
		Laughter may be accompanied by a general lowering of muscle tonus and an increase in bodily relaxation, leading one, e.g., to "collapse in laughter" (see Ruch 1993).
		Laughter is frequently associated with--and thus may be a sign of--the emotion of exhilaration (Ruch 1993).
		Laughter may be vocal or voiceless, may include all vowel and many consonant possibilities; it frequently begins with an initial "h" sound, most usually as "he-he," grading into "ha-ha" (Ruch 1993).
	members.aol.com /nonverbal3/laugh.htm (1364 words)

	Study of Artificial Laughter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A skilled Canned Laughter observer can pay attention to both the sitcom's dialogue (which is often exceedingly simplistic) and the humor's context (which also tends to have infantile degrees of sophistication).
		By identifying the recurring nature of the plots and the correlation between situation and artificial laughter, one can uncover closely linked patterns of situation -> intended response [ 1 ] that are repeated throughout the show.
		They can be derived from the subtle implications of a joke-- and are sometimes very complex and difficult to identify.
	www.ogghelp.com /dsmith/laugh.html (468 words)

	La Trobe University - Bulletin
		Their results showed that laughter is subject to the same psychological factors governing other forms of social influence, including those often involved in advertising, religious and political communications, and collective action.
		Half of all participants who heard canned laughter and half who did not were told that the comedian performed live in front of a La Trobe University audience.
		The most revealing result was that canned laughter was influential only among those participants who also believed they were listening to the comedian performing to fellow La Trobe students.
	www.latrobe.edu.au /bulletin/archive/01022003/story_research3.html (667 words)

	canned laughter - Conservativeunderground
		The "laughter" I was "hearing" occurred with razor-sharp accuracy, starting only exactly after the old bore up there in Minnesota had completed his spiel, and stopping, again with razor-sharp accuracy when he was ready to start again {i.e., there was no "laughter" interfering with his crock).
		Now, I am aware that during the 1960s, "canned laughter" was a common feature of half-hour television comedy shows, but I thought that had pretty much evaporated by the early 1970s, in front of "live audiences."
		Canned laughter, as irritating as it is, is still used on "live audience" tapes to enhance the production values of comedy programs.
	www.conservativeunderground.com /forum/showthread.php?t=91021 (1441 words)

	OpinionJournal - Leisure & Arts
		Canned laughter debuted in the 1950s on the short-lived "Hank McCune Show," a show within a show not unlike HBO's "The Larry Sanders Show" (which, incidentally, won critical praise for forgoing canned laughter).
		As your local laughter therapist (don't laugh, they exist) can explain, laughter is a "communal activity," and simulating a community with recorded laughter can help induce it.
		Some offices are installing canned conversations and laughter at barely audible levels to drown out the deafening--and depressing--silence.
	www.opinionjournal.com /la/?id=110003464 (863 words)

	Canned-Laughter Factory Shortages Expected > The LaLa Times: Southern California's News and Social Satire
		But with a strike by Laughter Canning Local No. 839 looming over the holiday season, and an intentional slowdown currently in effect, this holiday season has more the makings of a really bad joke on Hollywood.
		In a normal production process, laughter begins on the studio lots, where audiences are shipped in and, prodded by comedians, the audience learns to laugh repeatedly at the same jokes and gags.
		The laughs are manipulated, categorized into different types of humor, canned, and sent back to the studios to re-insert into their shows.
	www.lalatimes.com /newsfea/en_3_canlaugh.php (716 words)

	Halfbakery: Canned Laughter Justification Captions
		In addition, if hack writers were asked to provide explanations for each use of the can, they might be less inclined to use it, and potentially consider alternative employment.
		This is especially annoying when you miss the groundwork of a joke in a sit-com, and then the rest of the scene relies on you having understood the groundwork, and by the end of the skit, the 'audience' are in hysterics but you're just sat there, all furrowed brows and no pot-noodle left.
		TV shows tend not to use canned laughter anymore, sadly that noise is the laughter of real people.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Canned_20Laughter_20Justification_20Captions (331 words)

	Laughter Heals Foundation
		Laughter Heals Foundation is a nonprofit organization whose goal is to promote healing through laughter.
		LAUGHTER HEALS supports improvements in the world of health care by heightening the awareness of the power of laughter.
		LAUGHTER HEALS FOUNDATION will design and maintain a vital and informative internet presence, providing laymen and the medical community (nurses, doctors, therapists etc.) with current and past published articles illustrating and explaining the potent therapeutic value of humor and laughter in the healing process.
	www.laughterheals.com (729 words)

	Canned Laughter - washingtonpost.com
		That's a rarer, or at least less public, phenomenon, and in 2003 Annabelle Gurwitch had the good fortune to experience it for herself.
		But even when you get canned from a job that you endured because it was just a temporary diversion from your true calling in life, there's still the sting of rejection, the stink of failure.
		"Don't ever do that again, even in another play." If he can find a dozen or so other bosses who dress down their underlings with such brisk venom, he could publish a pretty entertaining anthology of his own.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/29/AR2006052900868_pf.html (647 words)

	Songtext Canned Laughter by artist Graham Parker lyrics
		Canned laughter, I can’t crack up and I don’t have to
		Canned laughter, I’m not too canned to fall in after
		Canned laughter, ooh, canned laughter, ooh, canned laughter, ooh
	www.lyricz.org /lyrics/177946/Graham+Parker/Canned+Laughter (232 words)

	Frank Murphy dot com: canned laughter
		She knows what I will find funny, which is why she brought me a photo of some B&M Brown Bread that she spotted in a Virginia grocery store.
		There are plenty of jokes to be made just from the name on the can.
		Now if I can just find sliced cheese that is pre-packaged in circle shapes my whole world will be perfect.
	www.frankmurphy.com /2007/04/canned-laughter.html (162 words)

	SocialProofOpera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They can usually tell that it is a recording and not an actual audience that is laughing so loudly.
		If a poll were taken we would almost certainly find that most people do not like canned laughter.
		The technique responsible for canned laughter is much older than the electronic media.
	www1.appstate.edu /~beckhp/socialproofopera.htm (226 words)

	Canned Laughter at Jones Soda [Fool.com] March 09, 2007
		The canned beverage market will be a major driver for Jones Soda over the next few quarters.
		Now that Jones Soda is free to distribute its canned flavors beyond Target locations, it is not wasting any time.
		The company signed a distribution deal with National Beverage (AMEX: FIZ) that will grow the company's retail reach from 2% of the market to a 25% slice by Memorial Day -- and as much as 50% by the end of next year.
	www.fool.com /investing/high-growth/2007/03/09/canned-laughter-at-jones-soda.aspx (524 words)

	Canned Laughter µÄ¸è´Ê - Steady Nerves - Graham Parker C Lyric Ó¢ÎÄ¸è´Ê,Ó¢Óï¸è´Ê -- cn.clyric.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Canned Laughter µÄ¸è´Ê - Steady Nerves - Graham Parker C Lyric Ó¢ÎÄ¸è´Ê,Ó¢Óï¸è´Ê -- cn.clyric.com
		Canned laughter,; i'm not too canned to fall in after
		Canned laughter,; ooh, canned laughter,; ooh, canned laughter,; ooh
	cn.clyric.com /clyric/lyrics/Graham+Parker/Steady+Nerves/Canned+Laughter (263 words)

	Canned Laughter - Quick Stop Entertainment
		I was watching MASH on Tv, and I noticed the canned Laughter.
		Well, Sports night has the canned laughter because no sane person would laugh at that show unless a gun was at their temple.
		Canned laughter aside, I really hate it when someone enters through a door and gets a mighty ovation its at least as annoying as canned laughter.
	www.moviepoopshoot.com /forums/showthread.php?p=34946 (501 words)

	The canned laughter box (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Canned laughter box is a small executable consisting of one button that when clicks, plays a laughter sound.
		The idea is that you can install this program and anytime somebody tells a joke, press the button.
		In comedies they use canned laughter to make jokes seem funnier.
	douweosinga.com /projects/laughter (229 words)

	The Kleper Report on Digital Publishing - Issue 5.1 January / February 2000
		It can be useful in assessing the appropriateness of a given system for the play of certain kinds of games, and can assist the user in determining what upgrades are likely to result in improved play.
		These mini-albums can be sent through e-mail or on disk, and provide the receiver with the capability to preview digital assets, but protect the asset owner since the receiver can not copy or otherwise use the elements.
		PPN can be used either with an all Macintosh network or a network populated by a mix of different computer types.
	www.printerport.com /kdp/issues/old/v5n1.html (9099 words)

	Amazon.com: Canned Laughter: The Best Stories from Radio and Television: Books: Peter Hay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If you are a publisher or author and hold the digital rights to a book, you can make it available as an eBook on Amazon.com.
		Don't get stranded; be prepared for the worst the road can dish out with these Justin Case safety kits.
		Please note that we are unable to respond directly to all feedback submitted via this form, but we'll ask you to sign in so we can contact you if needed.
	www.amazon.com /Canned-Laughter-Stories-Radio-Television/dp/019506836X (1036 words)

	Definition of Sound recording
		This can be considered an early method of recording a melody, although it does not record an arbitrary sound and does not record automatically.
		Mullin even claims to have been the first to use " canned laughter "; at the insistence of Crosby's head writer, Bill Morrow, he inserted a segment of raucous laughter from an earlier show into a joke in a later show that hadn't worked well.
		These adapters can either be in-the-box soundcards or external devices, either connecting to in-box interface cards or connecting to the computer via USB or Firewire cables.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Sound_recording (4401 words)

	- canned laughter - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Joshua, also a regular Theatresports competitor, directed Canned Laughter's production of "Noises Off" in March 2004 and also a widely acclaimed production of "12 Angry Men" later in the year.
		One of the co-founders of Canned Laughter, Dave Bloustien is a writer, improviser, stand-up comedian and academic.
		In 1998, he was named Player of the Year at the Sydney Kosher Theatresports competition, and went on to create Ppsters, the very first production from Canned* Laughter, in 2002.As a stand-up comedian, Dave has been seen on Channel 31 and at many of the hottest venues around Sydney.
	www.members.optusnet.com.au /stevenb29/about.html (324 words)

	Bibliography Humor and Psychotherapy
		Coser, R. "Laughter among Colleagues: A Study of the Social Functions of Humor among the Staff of a Mental Hospital." Psychiatry 23.1 (1960): 81-95.
		"Laughter in a Psychiatric Ward: Somatic, Emotional, Social, and Clinical Influences on Schizophrenic Patients." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease.
		From Plato to Freud: The Psychology of Laughter.
	www.humormatters.com /bibpsy.htm (4779 words)

	Gurn.net Forums - how do you know when sit-coms have canned laughter or not? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		canned laughter just doesn't have that, and also canned laughter always fades in and out in stupidly short bursts so that it doesn't go over the top of the voices of the actors.
		I used to think, when i was little, that TVs had microphones for comedy programs, and the laughter was all the other people at homes laughing.
		So i used to randomly laugh at the wrong time to think i was being anarchic and everyone else would hear this little kid cracking up befor the punchline.
	www.gurn.net /forums/archive/topic/121557-1.html (609 words)

	Canned Laughter
		After all, these are people who make their living from making people laugh, and they have often had opportunities to make a point with their humor.
		Recently, I ran across a gold mine of show business anecdotes in a collection titled Canned Laughter by Peter Hay (Oxford University Press: 1992).
		Mander that he could not do that; after all, it had taken him 100,000 words to write his book.
	oak.cats.ohiou.edu /~bruceb/cannedlaughter.html (1019 words)

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