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Topic: Canon of Proportions

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	Canon (music) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Old French canon, which meant 'learned', was taken from the Greek kanon for a rule or law, which eventually came to mean 'an accepted rule' in English, and the term was first used for the rule that describes how the voices relate to each others.
		In a mensuration canon (also known as a prolation canon, or a proportional canon), the follower imitates the leader by some rhythmic proportion.
		Many such canons were composed during the Renaissance, particularly in the late 15th and early 16th centuries; Johannes Ockeghem wrote an entire mass (the Missa Prolationum) in which each section is a mensuration canon, and all at different speeds and entry intervals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canon_(music) (1168 words)

	Canon: Anatomy of
		Canons are based, in theory, upon the principle of contrapuntal inversion...two melodic lines that can be performed simultaneously with either line functioning as the bass.
		A third type of interval canon is exemplified in the second of the Canonic Variations on Vom Himmel hoch, where Bach inflects the pitches of the follower quite freely in order that the canon might conform to the tonality of the cantus firmus which it accompanies.
		In the context of canons, the term "inverted canon" is synonymous with "canon in contrary motion." Canons in contrary motion exemplify the technique of "melodic inversion," and should not be confused with contrapuntal inversion (also known as "double counterpoint") in which two contrapuntal lines exchange registers...the low becoming the high and visa versa.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~tas3/canonanatomy.html (1902 words)

	Fourteen Canons on the Goldberg Ground
		In this "mirror canon," the intervals of the follower are exactly the same as those of the leader, but moving in the opposite direction.
		This is the second canon from BWV 1087 that was known before the discovery of the cycle in 1974.
		Because the canon's soggetto is similar to the cantus firmus of the Vom Himmel hoch variations it was thought that the canon was composed in or about 1746.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~tas3/fourteencanonsgg.html (1081 words)

	[No title]
		The principles of proportion for the Canon of Polykleitos are the reason for the popularity of the piece.
		On the other hand the Canon looks to have a distant look in his face and gives an observer the idea that the figure is just a representation of the ideal male figure and not a real person.
		After the Canon was made sculptors were influenced to use the Canon as a model for their work.
	filebox.vt.edu /r/rrusnak/ARTFINAL.doc (640 words)

	1201 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		There are also two uses of proportion, The first use of proportion is the relationship between the parts of an object.
		The second use of proportion is the object in relationship to its surroundings.
		The canon of proportions refers to the set of rules that the Greeks, for instance, applied to their sculptures to 'perfect' them.
	www.macomb.edu /faculty/scotts/proportion.html (285 words)

	The Canon of Proportions and Egyptian Figures from Egypt's Old Kingdom
		Also based on the height of the forehead or hairline, this canon had generally six lines, five of which form the basis of, and therefore corresponded to the later 18/19 canon.
		It must be said, however, that the canon of proportions did vary over the thousands of years of Egyptian civilisation.
		These classic proportions began to appear in royal figures of the Third Dynasty and were found almost universally in the Fifth and Sixth dynasties.
	www.pyramidofman.com /Proportions.htm (750 words)

	Vitruvian Man - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The drawing and text are sometimes called the Canon of Proportions or, less often, Proportions of Man.
		According to Leonardo's notes in the accompanying text, written in mirror writing, it was made as a study of the proportions of the (male) human body as described in a treatise by the Ancient Roman architect Vitruvius, who wrote that in the human body:
		Vitruvius' statements may be interpreted as statements about average proportions, or perhaps as descriptions of an ideal human form.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vitruvian_man (1348 words)

	kouroi 2
		The Met kouros is important because it uses the Egyptian canon to establish its proportions demonstrating the Greek dependence on the earlier Egyptian tradition.
		Major anatomical points were located on the grid lines, and the grid itself was applied to the surface of the block which was to be carved, so that the size of the unit forming the squares was a variable determined by the size of the block.
		The grid represented a true canon of proportions because the number of units of height remained constant, and the lines invariably crossed the body at specified places.
	academic.reed.edu /humanities/110Tech/kouroi2.html (3641 words)

	Canon of Art
		Egyptian artists were thereby able to make use of a conventional system of proportion which was found to be aesthetically pleasing, while also rendering their subjects in idealized forms which may or may not have been faithful to the exact proportions of the persons in question.
		I proposed that the Egyptian Canon of Proportions was constructed not on the small cubit of 45 cm, as has been claimed hitherto, but on the royal cubit of 52.4 cm.
		If this is the case, then canonical representations would resemble scale-drawings, in which the absolute dimensions of any object in real life can be determined from the scale, which was controlled through the use of the grid, and defined according to the canonical height to the hairline of the standing figure.
	www.legon.demon.co.uk /canon.htm (6030 words)

	Canon EOS-1D review: Page 5. Body & Design [Digital Photography Review]
		Canon state frame coverage as 100%, we measured it as exactly 98%.
		This is used to provide 'additional information' to the camera's white balance system in combination with any reading measured by the main CCD.
		Canon have coined the name 'hybrid automatic white balance system'.
	www.dpreview.com /reviews/print.asp?review=canoneos1d&page=5 (1053 words)

	Cleopatra
		At the time the Mummy Case of Paankhenamun was made, the canon of proportions divided the body into 18 units of identical size.
		Counting up from the bottom, decide whether the canon of proportions (11 units from the bottom of the feet to the waist, 7 units from the waist to the top of the head) was followed.
		• explain whether the proportions of the mummy are closer to those of modern humans or to the painted images on the mummy case.
	www.artic.edu /cleo/Teachfolder/Paankhtml/FINAL/Paank.Science.2.html (391 words)

	[No title]
		There is no Latin name for the 'canon of proportions' (symmetria) which he carefully observed, exchanging the square-built figure of the older artists for a new and untried system"; also "extreme delicacy of the work even in the smallest details" was Lysippos' most individual feature.
		Among Lysippan details enumerated by F. Johnson regarding a statue in the Vatican [9], accepted as a copy after Lysippos, are the hands and the rather long and flat feet very carefully made, the neck rather thick with the larynx marked off by grooves, characteristics that apply to our statuette.
		To slightly modify the Polykleitan canon with its square-built figures would not have justified [10] this reputation.
	www.georgeortiz.com /3D/163/index.html (1001 words)

	Vitruvian man - proportions of the human body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		According to Leonardo's notes in the accompanying text, it was made as a study of the proportions of the (male) human body as described in a treatise by the Ancient Roman architect Vitruvius, who wrote that in the human body:
		The rediscovery of the mathematical proportions of the human body in the 15th century by Da Vinci and others is considered one of the great achievements leading to the Italian Renaissance.
		The drawing itself is often used as an implied symbol of the essential symmetry of the human body, and by extension, to the universe as a whole, whether by mathematical order or intelligent design, or both.
	www.artbrain.co.uk /vitruvian-man.htm (564 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Slenderer proportions than Doric Scroll capitals Continuous sculpted frieze Amphiprostyle plan—that is, porch at each end Surrounded by parapet, or low wall, faced with sculpted panels depicting Athena presiding over her winged attendants, called Nikes (Victories), as they prepared for a celebration.
		Measure and proportion, he believed, should be “kept in the eyes.” David is symbol, the defiant hero of the Florentine republic, a champion of a just cause.
		Americanized his capitals in the classical mode: in the vestibule of the Senate wing, and for the Senate rotunda the tobacco leaf is substituted for the acanthus in the capitals and corncob capitals, with cornstalks for the fluting.
	facweb.furman.edu /~mwatkins/IDS30/IDS30ClassicaIdea.doc (10904 words)

	Canon
		There are three canons for determining the proportions of the human figure:
		to establish a canon which would serve as a complex mathematical model for the
		-Mastering the canon and proportions is fundamental for human figure drawing as well
	underdog.dreamcomics.com /english/canon.htm (122 words)

	Vitruvius Man
		The drawing and text are sometimes called the Canon of Proportions.
		According to Leonardo's notes in the accompanying text, which are mirror writing, it was made as a study of the proportions of the (male) human body as described in a treatise by the Ancient Roman architect Vitruvius, who wrote that in the human body:
		The rediscovery of the mathematical proportions of the human body in the 15th century by Leonardo and others is considered one of the great achievements leading to the Italian Renaissance.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/LX/VitruviusMan.html (730 words)

	Compact Film Cameras - Sure Shot - ELPH - Camera Basics - Canon USA Consumer Products
		Canon engineered both its Advanced Photo System and 35mm Cameras with easy-to-use features that make your pictures brighter, sharper and clearer.
		To give your pictures the natural color and clarity of the real world, Canon equips its cameras with high-quality Canon lenses, designed with the same principles as the Canon EF lenses used by the world's top professional photographers.
		Canon's big selection of zoom lenses - from extreme telephoto to wide angle, offers the choices you need to create the dramatic shots you want.
	www.usa.canon.com /consumer/controller?act=StandardDisplayAct&fcategoryid=112&keycode=1514 (652 words)

	Introduction to the Visual Arts Art-Study Guide, Chapter 3
		CANON OF PROPORTIONS: "KEEPING THINGS IN PROPORTION" is a set of rules that propose ideal proportion in common objects.
		The ancient Greek sculpture the Spearbearer uses such a canon of proportions.
		The nautilus shell exhibits this ratio in its spiral shape and proportions.
	faculty.evansville.edu /rl29/art105/sp04/art105-3.html (553 words)

	Body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Moreover, this canon of proportions co-incided with proportions found in the Earth, Moon and Sun that take a sophisticated level of astronomy to discover.
		Michell explained the co-incidences between the canon of proportions he found hidden in human culture and the astronomical proportions by suggesting our ancestors had greater powers to subconsciously soak up knowledge of the Universe around them by psychic means.
		However, a surprising proportion of the solar systems found around other stars in recent years have gas giants in orbits close to the parent star.
	www.bob-wonderland.supanet.com /journal_9.htm (2448 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		There was an established canon of proportions, style adopted from Byzantium.
		The stylized and conservative forms are not the place to look for a distinctly Russian style, although Russian artists did develop their own schools of icon painting, which became an inspiration to other artists of the Eastern Christian tradition eventually.
		On the first lap of the spiral ramp of the Guggenheim, the icons continue, and then suddenly, one sees a face of Christ, which is no longer flat, stylized, and with the Byzantine canon of proportions.
	www.mercatornet.com /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=181&Itemid=0 (1813 words)

	Computer Buyer: Focus: Broadband: Product Reviews: Canon N670U
		The Canon's sleek minimalism continues to the back of the unit.
		Canon has no worries here though - our test scans produced consistently immaculate results, with vivid, accurate colours, and focus that beats many scanners boasting a higher-specified optical sensor.
		The only area in which Canon failed to excel was our speed tests, with only average performance for previews and scans, though the software warns you of the slow rate if you try to scan areas at very high resolutions.
	www.pcpro.co.uk /buyer/broadband/reviews/6321/canon-n670u.html (461 words)

	Mummification Glossary - Section: C
		canon - A group of laws and rules made by a church.
		canon of proportions - These were rules that the writers in ancient Egypt used for writing and drawing.
		Egyptian scribes followed strict rules of hieratic drawing called the canon of proportions to enable consistency of design.
	summum.kids.us /mummification/glossary?section=c (432 words)

	Rick Steves' Europe: Tour-Guide History
		I said, "I've heard that columns from the three classical orders follow a canon of proportions: Doric, the simplest, is eight times as tall as its base width.
		Later on that same tour, standing before a lone Corinthian column, he turned to the group and said with authority, "Columns from the various orders can be identified by their height.
		There is actually what we call a canon of proportions.
	www.ricksteves.com /plan/tips/998history.htm (411 words)

	Isamu Noguchi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It's no coincidence that Noguchi had done the same; the tradition of geometry in art had begun in ancient Greece.
		The idea that natural structures are proportioned by an organizing ratio and therefore mathematically describable was first suggested by Pythagoras and further developed by Plato.
		resulted in a canon of proportions based on a rectangle drawn from three points on a logarithmic spiral; the "Golden Rectangle".
	webpages.marshall.edu /~eskew1/Noguchi/noguchipage5.html (215 words)

	Sculpture.org
		The witty Banker’s Knot rises from a cubic base, which both alludes to Renaissance symbolism (the finite universe) and recalls Minimalist work of the 1960s.
		Atop that, with a wink to Leonardo and his Canon of Proportions, is a circular disk, which in the 16th century referenced the infinite cosmic sphere.
		In Dill’s wry postmodern work, the disk reflects contemporary obsessions with economic ideals, as manifest in the circle-coin form that serves as the formal genesis for the rest of the sculpture.
	www.sculpture.org /documents/scmag04/april04/WebSpecials/GuyDill.shtml (463 words)

	Dictionary of the History of Ideas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		core of the tradition is the “canon of proportions,”
		proportions of the upper part of a statue were given,
		Egypt for the canon of proportions and had borrowed
	etext.lib.virginia.edu /cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-69 (6960 words)

	Cleopatra
		Determine whether ancient Egyptian drawing was proportional and in perspective by comparing ancient Egyptian drawings, a mummy’s x-ray, and contemporary photographs of people.
		Step 1: Explain that Egyptian artists represented people using a strict ratio of the size of body parts called a canon of proportions.
		In the time that the relief of Amenemhet was made, the canon of proportions divided the body into 18 identical units.
	www.artic.edu /cleo/Teachfolder/Amenhtml/FINAL/Amen.Science.2.html (318 words)

	proportions - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 5 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word proportions:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "proportions" is defined.
		Phrases that include proportions: law of definite proportions, law of reciprocal proportions, canon of proportions, difference of proportions test, doctrine of definite proportions, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=proportions (143 words)

	Mandala Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The shape of a plant is governed by geometric principles and looking at the flowers and leaves we can easily see the geometric structure governing it's growth and design, crystals display their beautiful geometric patterns.
		In both renaissance and early Egyptian art we see proportions used to construct the human body and this information is depicted in the well-known drawing of a man inside a circle and square by Leonardo da Vinci (‘'Canon of Proportions'').
		We have much evidence to prove that geometric construction is indeed the very building blocks of our world.
	www.eyeofthesun.com /mangallary.htm (687 words)

	The Art of Invention - Leonardo
		The Greek tradition was revived by Vitruvius, who described several automata and developed the canon of proportions, which is the basis of classical anatomical aesthetics.
		The robot, an outgrowth of his earliest anatomy and kinesiology studies recorded in the Codex Huygens, was designed according to the Vitruvian canon.
		This armored robot knight was designed to sit up, wave its arms, and move its head via a flexible neck while opening and closing its anatomically correct jaw.
	w3.impa.br /~jair/robot.html (519 words)

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