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Topic: Canopy (forest)

	Forest - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Forests can be found in all regions capable of sustaining tree growth, at altitudes up to the tree-line, except where natural fire frequency is too high, or where the environment has been impaired by natural processes or by human activities.
		Forests are differentiated from woodlands by the extent of canopy coverage: in a forest the branches and foliage of separate trees often meet or interlock, although there can be gaps of varying sizes within an area referred to as forest.
		, temperate deciduous forest) and evergreen coniferous forests (e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Forest (670 words)

	Canopy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Canopy (building), an overhead roof or structure that provides shade or other shelter.
		Canopy (forest), the habitat found at the uppermost level of a forest, especially rainforest
		The Canopy (automobile), a three-wheeled automobile from Honda.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canopy (140 words)

	Forest Canopy Lab-National Geographic Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The forest canopy has been termed "the world's last biotic frontier", and is one of the richest yet most poorly studied habitats in the biosphere.
		Forest novices will spend time in the field independent of the forest experts to describe forest canopies and their values from their own perspectives, using media that best suit their means of expression.
		I then anticipate applying this approach to other forest canopies in other forest types around the world by linking to other researchers and study sites with whom I have contact via the existing networks of the ICAN and the GCP (attached), prioritizing sites where there is significant ongoing canopy research.
	www.evergreen.edu /canopylab/conservation/ngs.html (1579 words)

	The Canopy - November/December 2000
		The forest canopy is formed by the intertwining, uppermost branches of forest trees -- in a rainforest, trees that may tower more than 100 feet high.
		Insects are everywhere in the rainforest, and particularly in the canopy.
		Canopy dwellers also include many animal species you might assume stick to the ground floor such as cockroaches, mice, earthworms, and scorpions.
	www.rainforest-alliance.org /news/canopy/can12-00.html (642 words)

	The Vegetation Canopy Lidar Mission: Mission Paper
		The principle goal of VCL is the characterization of the three-dimensional structure of the earth: in particular, canopy vertical and horizontal structure and land surface topography.
		The priniciple goal of the Vegetation Canopy Lidar is the characterization of the three-dimensional structure of the earth: in particular, canopy vertical and horizontal structure and land surface topography.
		Canopy measurements are achieved through analysis of laser pulse returns (waveforms) and require that return signals include the canopy top, adjacent structural elements and, eventually, the underlying ground.
	www.geog.umd.edu /vcl/vcltext.html (4846 words)

	International Canopy Network - Education - Graduate Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Retention and release of inorganic nitrogen by epiphytic bryophytes in a tropical montane forest.
		Canopy structural elements such as foliage and twigs account for a tremendous "sieving" effect of fog in some forests, causing wind-borne precipitation and its accompanying nutrients and pollutants to be deposited locally (Veneklaas and Ek 1990).
		The forest canopy is defined as "the aggregate of all crowns in a stand of vegetation, which is the combination of foliage, twigs, branches, epiphytes and the interstices (air) in a forest".
	vforest.evergreen.edu /ican/education/gradprogram.html (5856 words)

	Rainforest Canopy—Introduction
		The canopy is the dense ceiling of closely spaced trees and their branches, while the understory is the term for more widely spaced, smaller tree species and juvenile individuals that form a broken layer below the canopy.
		The forest floor is the ground layer of the forest made up of the trunks of trees, fungus, and low-growing vegetation.
		These layers are not always distinct and can vary from forest to forest, but serve as a good model of the vegetative and mechanical structures of the forest.
	rainforests.mongabay.com /0401.htm (526 words)

	Ecology: Canopy closure rate and forest structure
		In forest habitats, small disturbances, such as branch or tree falls, produce canopy openings; these eventually close due to the lateral extension of adjacent vegetation and the growth of new trees into the canopy (Runkle 1981, Runkle and Yetter 1987).
		Two additional forest patches (also bearing P. vulgaris populations) were considered too: one in Woburn Wood, a Quercus robur (oak) and Castanea sativa (chestnut) forest in Bedfordshire (NGR SP927325), and another one in Salcey Forest, a Quercus robur and Fraxinus excelsior forest in Northamptonshire (NGR SP814508).
		We chose the percentage weighted canopy openness (which is a measure of diffuse light; Mitchell and Whitmore 1993) to characterize canopy conditions, as it is a direct measure of the percentage of open sky in the photograph and can also be used to describe gap size (Kennedy and Swaine 1992).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2120/is_n5_v78/ai_19736108 (1305 words)

	Environment: deforestation; Ecotourism and Its Impact on Forest Conservation By Margaret (Meg) Lowman
		As forests become logged, as streams become polluted, and as other signs of human activity become ubiquitous, the requirements of a true ecotourism experience are increasingly difficult to fulfill.
		Canopy Construction Associates handed the job over to another, smaller construction team, Kevin Jordan and Stephanie Hughes, who were willing to build a simple platform around the fig tree and take on the risks of weather, financial liability, and lost or damaged equipment.
		Canopy walkways are just one way to engage people’s interest in these natural areas; the goal is to connect people to nature in their own back yards.
	www.actionbioscience.org /environment/lowman.html (3154 words)

	Complete Harvard Forest Bibliography by Date (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Emissions of ethene propene and 1-butene by a midlatitude forest.
		Forest- and pasture-derived carbon contributions to organic matter stocks and respiration of tropical pasture soils.
		Bassow, S. Canopy photosynthesis and carbon cycling in a deciduous forest: implications of species composition and rising concentrations of CO PhD Thesis, Harvard University.
	harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu /publications/hfbiblio_by_date.html (13262 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Campaign seeks forest canopy's secrets
		One of the Earth's richest zones, the tropical forest canopy, is the target of a new scientific initiative.
		The Global Canopy Programme (GCP) is launching its campaign, A 20:20 Vision For Canopy Science, on 11 July at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK.
		The GCP describes the forest canopy as "the richest, most threatened and least-known habitat" on the Earth's surface.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/3046420.stm (728 words)

	Olympic National Forest - Forest Canopy
		Forest canopies are important because of their significant contribution to forest productivity, ecosystem health and climate conditions.
		The forest canopy also acts as a buffer between the soil and the atmosphere.
		The canopy is important for local and global climate because of its ability to transfer large volumes of water through its network of needles or leaves.
	www.fs.fed.us /r6/olympic/ecomgt/unecosys/canopy.htm (788 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		We develop informatics tools for canopy scientists, document and publish datasets that demonstrate use of these tools, characterize (and formalize in informatics terms) fundamental structures of the forest canopy, and relate those structures to functional characterizations for retrospective, comparative, and integrative studies.
		We conducted fieldwork on forest structure and function for eight sites in a 1000-year chronosequence (ranging from 90 to 950- years) in the western Cascades of Washington State (1kcs).
		This Conceptualization of Canopy Structural Space is based on 500 canopy and forest structure papers.
	canopy.evergreen.edu (425 words)

	Nalini Nadkarni - Curriculum Vitae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Community and ecosystem ecology of tropical and temperate forest canopies; the effects of forest fragmentation on biodiversity and community function; the development of database tools for canopy researchers; dissemination of research results to non-scientific audiences; partnering of scientists and artists to enhance conservation of forests.
		Diversity and habitat differentiation of mosses and liverworts in the cloud forest of Monteverde, Costa Rica.
		Canopy Camouflage Clothing: Wearing clothing that depicts trees and canopy plants in our professional and personal lives is a direct way to raise awareness of their aesthetic beauty and to incite informal conversation about trees on a daily basis.
	academic.evergreen.edu /n/nadkarnn/cv/cv.html (4674 words)

	Canopy, metal canopy beds, canopy tours costa rica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The triangular canopies in the north of Italy are peculiar.
		The canopy is important because it serves as the interface between the biosphere and the atmosphere, and is physically and biologically the most active part...
		Underneath the canopy are layers of smaller trees and shrubs with large...
	www.yourpinball.com /canopy.html (1090 words)

	Variation in performance of the tree fern Cyathea caracasana (Cyatheaceae) across a successional mosaic in an Andean ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		cloud forest of this region, with a canopy at
		forest produced spores during the 33 mo of observation.
		forests, sunny habitats are characteristic of forest gaps.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/88/3/545 (3585 words)

	Amazon.com: Forest Canopies (Physiological Ecology Series): Books: Margaret Lowman,Nalini Nadkarni (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		For decades, researchers have been interested in the structure, function and inhabitants of forest canopies, but unfortunately, a large portion of this fascinating ecosystem was inaccessible.
		Forest Canopies synthesizes the newly compiled data on canopy-dwelling organisms, including insects and other arthropods, lizards, birds, mammals, and, of course, the plants that both form and inhabit this unique aerial ecosystem.
		The term "canopy" connotes an uppermost layer, a covering for an important person or sacred object, the enclosure over an airplane cockpit, the surface of a parachute, the topmost ornamentation in architecture, or any tent-like covering.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0124576516?v=glance (1172 words)

	Haliburton Forest & Wildlife Reserve - Haliburton Highlands Ontario Wilderness Adventure Centre
		Bordering Algonquin Park to the north, Haliburton Forest is a prime Ontario wilderness getaway destination for outdoor adventure and ecological based activities.
		With 50,000 acres of Forest to explore and being the only wholly privately owned snowmobiling operation in the world, the hundreds of kilometers of trails have quickly become Ontario's Snowmobiling Wonderland.
		Haliburton Forest is Canada's first "certified sustainable forest", meeting the stringent standards of the "Forest Stewardship Council", a NGO, supported by such organizations as the WWF or the Sierra Club.
	www.haliburtonforest.com (997 words)

	Forest Canopy Walkway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Evergreen State College is exploring the feasibility of building a forest canopy walkway on its campus.
		Scientists and researchers the world over are now realizing the critical role played by forests, and especially forest canopies, in maintaining the diversity, resilience, and functioning of the ecosystems they inhabit.
		The forest research community views the project as a means to enhance its ability to conduct long-term research on parts of the forest ecosystem which have traditionally been very difficult to access.
	academic.evergreen.edu /n/nadkarnn/walkway/walkway.htm (794 words)

	Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve Ltd: Canopy Tour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The canopy boardwalk is the ultimate highlight of this outing.
		The canopy boardwalk has been designed to meet or exceed all industry standards.
		Before any person leaves the comfort of the forest floor your guide will introduce you to all the safety procedures and equipment.
	www.haliburtonforest.com /tour.htm (505 words)

	Register of Ecological Models: BIOMASS
		BIOMASS describes canopy net photosynthesis, biomass production and water use of forest stands in relation to weather, nutrition of trees, canopy architecture, soil physical conditions and a number of species specific physiological parameters.
		The plant community is represented by an array of spatially explicit crowns that have either ellipsoid or conic shape.
		Canopy photosynthetic productivity calculated with the models BIOMASSand MAESTRO was compared in Wang et al., 1992.
	dino.wiz.uni-kassel.de /model_db/mdb/biomass.html (305 words)

	Animal Encyclopedia: Iguana
		The green iguanas of Central and South America aren't exactly lazy, but they do spend most of the day just hanging out.
		These large, seven-foot reptiles can be found way up in the treetops in the rain forest canopy, basking and foraging for flowers, fruits and leaves.
		Because their gray-green skin and scales blend so well into the foliage, iguanas are hard for predators to spot.
	www.animaland.org /asp/encyclopedia/iguana.asp (172 words)

	Canopy - Canopies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Cheap portable shade from the sun in hot climates, flea market canopies are used by surfers and fishermen in Baja California.
		Non-profit organization facilitating interaction between people concerned with forest canopies and...
		Introduction to the rainforest canopy, including plants and animals, with photographs.
	canopy.interneting.net (500 words)

	Pawleys Island Forest Green Hammock Canopy - CPY-3TX : AbsoluteHome
		Sturdy fiberglass rods form the shape of the hammock canopy to arc over hammock stand.
		Four durable polyester rope connectors attach canopy to hammock bed to prevent twirling.
		Hardware consists of heavy gauge steel canopy supports and zinc chromate hardware for strength and durability.
	www.absolutehome.com /web/catalog/product_detail.aspx?pid=27101 (180 words)

	Panama's Canopy Tower : Bird Watching and Ecotourism
		Above the endless tropical forest of Soberanía National Park, a ship glides through the Panamá Canal.
		The Canopy Tower is also a great place for those with a general interest in exploring the tropical forest.
		Giant, iridescent Morpho Butterflies flash their blue wings at you as you ride up the twisting road up to the Tower.
	www.canopytower.com (393 words)

	Amazon.com: Pawleys Island Hammock Canopy, Forest Green: Outdoor Living (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		This canopy will help make relaxing in your hammock a more pleasant experience.
		Get the most out of your hammock by creating a shady and welcoming haven with the Green Hammock Canopy.
		Built to attach to the Tri-Beam Stainless Steel or Wood Hammock Stand (each sold separately), this generous dark green canopy fits above your hammock to protect against sun and rain.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B0000DG4QU?v=glance (381 words)

	Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility
		The Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility (WRCCRF) was established in 1994 as a cooperative scientific and educational venture among the
		located on the Wind River Experimental Forest which is closely allied with the
		The WRCCRF is an active research site of the western region of the National Institute of Global Environmental Change, the AmeriFlux network, a member of the Organization of Biological Field Stations, and a T.Site of the Global Terrestrial Observatory System.
	depts.washington.edu /wrccrf (90 words)

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