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Topic: Cantabrian Wars

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	Hispania
		The major part of the Punic Wars, fought between the Punic Carthaginians and the Romans, was fought on the Iberian Peninsula.
		Wars for independence, where different Iberian nations and tribes were slowly defeated, in spite of fierce resistance by the city of Numantia, the; Lusitanian chieftain Viriathus, amongst many others.
		The civil war between Julius Caesar and Pompey, which was fought mostly in Hispanian territory.
	www.wikipedia-mirror.co.za /wiki/Hispania (3872 words)

	Third Punic War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Third Punic War (149 to 146 BC) was the third and last of the Punic Wars fought between the former Phoenician (Romans used this as a adjective meaning 'treacherous' after the Punic Wars) colony of Carthage, and the Republic of Rome.
		The war was a minor engagement which consisted of a single action, the Battle of Carthage, but resulted in the complete destruction of the city of Carthage, the annexation of all remaining Carthaginian territory by Rome, and the death or enslavement of the entire Carthaginian population.
		In the years between the Second and Third Punic War, Rome was engaged in the conquest of the Hellenistic empires to the east (see Macedonian Wars, Illyrian Wars, and Antiochus III) and ruthlessly suppressing the Iberian people in the west, although they had been essential to the Roman success in the Second Punic War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Third_Punic_War (881 words)

	Second Punic War Summary
		The Second Punic War (referred to as "The War Against Hannibal" by the Romans) was fought between Carthage and Rome from 218 to 202 BC.
		It was the second of three major wars fought between the former Phoenician colony of Carthage, and the Roman Republic, then still confined to the Italian Peninsula.
		A war indemnity of 10,000 talents was imposed, her navy was limited to 10 ships to ward off pirates, and she was forbidden from raising an army without Rome's permission.
	www.bookrags.com /Second_Punic_War (7160 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Cantabrian Wars
		The Cantabrian Wars (29 BC-19 BC) occurred during the Roman conquest of the ancient province of Cantabria.
		The first appearances of the Cantabri on the historical scene were in the context of earlier wars in Iberia, where they served as mercenaries on various sides.
		Through the Cantabrian War and the surrender of the Cantabri to Rome, the Roman legions adopted from them the solar symbol of twin crosses and lunar symbols, such as the Cantabri lábaro.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Cantabrian_Wars (1081 words)

	Europa Barbarorum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Although their social organization was built up of noble and non-noble classes, in times of war their military leaders were chosen by an assembly of the whole population.
		In 150BC, a group of Lusitanii tribes forced by war devastation to seek fertile lands, were promised peace and lands by consul Servius Sulpicius Galba.
		Cantabrians celebrations included a number of fierce dances around the fire, medicine consisted in forsaking the ill ones by a road so they could hear the advices of the travelers, and law couldn't be simpler: the punishment for any infraction was death by being thrown to a chasm.
	www.europabarbarorum.com /factions_iberia_history.html (3495 words)

	The Gaels in Gallaecia - Irish Nationalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Leabhar Gabhala defines finally a last war (in some versions of the texts, the last is the Langobardi one, nevertheless) or battle that took place in Spain: the war against the Barchu or Barchunes.
		As we see it, these wars marked the future destiny of the Gaedels, and the end of the process of their definitive territorial and political consolidation.
		Perhaps the resistance of the Cantabrians against the occupation was not as ferocious as the Asturians one (and the Basque's also) and, therefore, the Romans did not allow an important colonisation as the one of Asturies.
	www.irish-nationalism.net /forum/showthread.php?t=801 (5943 words)

	Hispania - Free net encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Image:Cordoba, Roman Bridge and Mosque-Cathedral.jpg The major part of the Punic Wars, fought between the Punic Carthaginians and the Romans, was fought on the Iberian Peninsula.
		Wars for independence, where different Iberian nations and tribes were slowly defeated, in spite of fierce resistance by the city of Numantia, the Lusitanian chieftain Viriathus, amongst many others.
		Hispania is different from Italica in that it is more than ready for war because of the rough land and its man's nature.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Hispania (3771 words)

	The Cantabrian Expeditions -- Database
		Henrik and Samantha Delaney were able to construct a working folded space prototype drive building on additions they made to the Elway theorem to alleviate the damage to living beings.
		A moderate amount of the population of Earth was affected by a weapon that rendered an incurable affliction at the end of the Wars.
		The U.S.S. Cantabrian was an Excelsior-class starship and the testbed for new systems integrated in her refit in 2372 ("Catalyst, Part One" [TCE]).
	www.usscantabrian.com /database/e.htm (168 words)

	Hispania
		Earlier Phoenician and Greek colonization eventually faded and gave rise to the growing presence of Carthage in North Africa, the only Phoenician state to grow from a polis to a colonial empire, hence known by the Romans as 'Puni' ("'he' Phoenicians").
		The major part of the Punic Wars, fought between the Punic Carthaginians and the Romans, was fought on the Iberian Peninsula.
		with so many centuries of wars with Rome they haven't had any captain but Viriathus, a man of such high virtue and continence that, after beating the consular armies for 10 years, he would never want to be distinguished in any way from any private individual.
	articles.gourt.com /en/Hispania (3754 words)

	Basque people information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In Spain, with some irony, through the various civil wars of the 19th century the fueros were upheld by the traditionalist and nominally absolutist Carlists and opposed by the victorious constitutional forces.
		During the First Carlist War, as the differences between the Apostolic (official) and the Navarrese (Basque basis) parties inside the Carlist rebel band grew, the latter signed an armistice which included the promise by the Spaniards of keeping Basque self-government.
		In 1937, roughly halfway through the war, the troops of the Autonomous Basque Government surrendered in Santoña to the Italian allies of General Franco on condition that the Basque heavy industry and economy was left untouched, beginning one of the hardest periods of Basque history in Spain.
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Basque_people (6959 words)

	History of Campóo Region
		The Cantabrian people had their settings or ´Castros` surrounding this area and at the moment there is an exhibition of a Cantabrian village in Argüeso.
		After the Cantabrian wars, the region was dominated by the Romans.
		River Nansa that ends in the Cantabrian Sea, River Pisuerga that after joining the River Duero, goes to the Athlantic Ocean, and River Hijar, that later on joins River Ebro that starts in Fontibre, 4 km from the ´´Casona` of Naveda and ends in the Mediterranean sea.
	www.casonadenaveda.com /english/naveda/history_region.htm (290 words)

	Cantabrian Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The map shows the borders of the Roman Cantabria during the Cantabrian Wars, in relationship to today's Cantabria, along with the tribes that lived there, the neighboring peoples, towns and geographical features, according to classical sources.
		According to the Roman historian Dio Cassius, the tactics of the Cantabri and Astures were of guerrilla warfare, avoiding direct attacks on the Roman forces because of their inferior numbers.
		The Lábaro cántabro was the standard used by the Cantabrian forces to send orders or signal to troops during battle and which the Romans would adopt as their own.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cantabrian_Wars (1197 words)

	Lugo\|Map\|Provinces\|Localities\|Cities\|Political\|Physical\|Tourism\|On Line
		The main river is the Miño, that also has been crossing the province of Orense and for of limit between the province of Pontevedra and Portugal, ending at the Atlantic.
		The city was founded between 12 years 26 and adC by Paulo Fabio Maximum, legacy of Caesar Augusto, in whose honor it baptized as Lucus Augusti (the Latin word lucus means "clear" or "sacred forest", according to the different authors).
		Fruit of the carried out expansive policy at the time of Augusto, the city was founded on an old installed military camp before the Cantabrian wars.
	www.visitingeuropa.com /europe/Spain/province-lugo/index.php (324 words)

	History of Spain with Spain hotel Espana-Hotel
		The campaign of occupation, after the Carthaginian expulsion, was fast, except in the interior (Numancia) and Cantabrian town that resisted until the arrival of Augusto in beginnings of Roman Empire.
		After War of Succession it lost military superiority in Europe, although continued being the greater power economic of the world and it conserved the sea superiority until aims of the XVIII.
		When winning those the war, Felipe V it abolished the institutions, fueros and fiscal rights of Aragón, but not those of the Basque provinces and Navarre that, like part of Castile, they were in favor of the one of Borbón.
	www.espana-hotel.com /history.php (4301 words)

	Cantabrian Nationalist Movements (Spain)
		The symbol is [also] known as Barros Stela and is believed that the old Cantabrian people used it as banner in their epic wars against Rome.
		While writing an article about the Roman vexillum and labarum (Schmöger 2002), I came across the claim by Cantabrian Nationalists, that their labaru is the oldest flag in the world, for instance in this website and this website.
		In my humble opinion, the first webpage simply concocts a story about the Roman legions adopting a Celtic symbol found in northern Spain as their own, "as homage to the heroism of that people and the pride they had in having conquered it (...) as they used to do with emblems of conquered countries".
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/es}s.html (629 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Legio II Augusta
		II Augusta was originally raised by Octavian and consul Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus in 43 BC, to fight against Mark Anthony; II Augusta fought in the battle of Philippi and in the battle of Perugia.
		At the beginning of Augustus rule, in 25 BC, this legion was relocated in Hispania, to fight in the Cantabrian Wars, which definitively established Roman power in Hispania, and later camped in Hispania Tarraconensis.
		With the annihilation of Legio XVII, XVIII and XIX in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (AD 9), II Augusta moved to Germania, possibly in the area of Mainz.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Legio_II_Augusta (651 words)

	Haltern
		On the other hand, the Lippe valley was a war zone and troops were sometimes relocated.
		The Hauptlager was surrounded by a double ditch and a wall that was fortified by masonry.
		It was in Hispania and took part in the Cantabrian wars.
	www.livius.org /ha-hd/haltern/haltern.html (1508 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The irregular, "hit and run" tactics of the inhabitants of the peninsula characterized the Roman conquest and were the cause why the Romans took 200 years to completely control all of Hispania.
		The idea here was to simulate the asymmetrical war fought out between the Roman/Punic invaders and the native peoples.
		There are fast playing scenarios (such as the Roman Civil War, or the Cantabrian wars) that can be played in two-three hours, and other that take 6-10 hour of play (up to 17 turns, such as Cato's campaign or the II Lusitanian War).
	grognard.com /reviews1/iberos.txt (722 words)

	Liébana and Picos de Europa. Interactive multimedia guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Jesuit Eutimio Martino studied the possible confrontation sites between Cantabrians and Romans over the land, concluding that Augusto sent a central column through the mountain pass of Pineda to Liébana, whereas the eastern column overcame the course of the river Cea and the upper section of the river Esla, going to Picos de Europa.
		During the Independence War, people in Liébana fought for their freedom and deserved those praises from the general Mahy, who called them "illustrious inhabitants of Liébana".
		Then in this century the region has suffered the terrible effects of the Spanish Civil War and the village of Potes was burned when the republican troops retired, and some years later its buildings were reconstructed.
	www.liebanaypicosdeeuropa.com /visita-i/lb1_2_8.htm (1808 words)

	The Ancient Spanish (DBA II/39)-- Army Essay by Stephen Montague
		After Carthaginians had lost the first Punic war they were looking for a place to expand and Spain is where they chose.Hamilcar Barca lead a Carthaginian force into Spain in 237 BC and began the conquest of Spain by a mixture of force and diplomacy.
		During this war at a meeting in 151 BC when the Romans had gathered together thousands ofLusitanians to redistribute land they turned on the unarmed host and massacred or enslaved thousands.
		These were the last wars against Rome during which Augustus Ceasar took personal command and at the end of which Cantabrian prisoners who had been sold as slaves revolted in a bloody war.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/II39/index.html (2402 words)

	Republic of Rome Civil War Deck
		Cannot be played if the Alexandrine War has not yet been discarded.
		If the vote passes a governor must be elected to Egypt before any other proposals can be made.
		A Dictator may be appointed/elected when Mob Riots is in play regardless of the war situation.
	junior.apk.net /~jerkich/ruCivilWar.html (564 words)

	Muralla de Lugo. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Lucus Augusti, what is known today as the city of Lugo, was founded by Emperor Agustus as a Roman population and capital of the legal convent of Lugo during the Cantabrian Wars between the years 26 and 24 before Christ.
		It originated as an encampment city, from the traditional reticular organization of urban distribution, typical of military camps of the Roman army.
		In this century, it was freed of the numerous constructions that were built adjoining it.
	www.udc.es /dep/com/ingles/lugo/lugox.htm (216 words)

	Infozaragoza.com, Magazine of Leisure, Tourism and Services.
		The wars with these towns celtas extended until year 133 B.C., date of the taking of Numancia, last great enclave of the celtibérica resistance.
		Who more resistance opposed to the dominion of blunt they were the celtíberos, that maintained three wars against the invaders.
		The first inhabitants who were based in this city were veteran coming from the Cantabrian wars.
	www.infozaragoza.com /historia/eromanos.shtml (523 words)

	Battle Report: The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire - A Scenarios DBA Event at Historicon 2006
		Prior to the wars in Cantabria, the Roman military became familiar with the warlike characteristics of the peoples of northern Spain (the Cantabri) because of their involvement as mercenaries on various sides of the region's conflicts.
		Although justified by Roman historians as retribution for Cantabrian incursions on the Roman controlled Meseta Central, the campaigns may have been the result of a lust after Austurian gold and Cantabrian iron as well.
		Their better knowledge of the difficult and mountainous terrain allowed them to conduct quick surprise strikes with ranged weapons, with ambushes followed by quick retreats causing great damage to the Roman columns and supply lines.
	www.wadbag.com /events/RiseFallRome/cantabrianrevolt.html (515 words)

	basques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This issue brought the Basque Country into the Convention War of 1793, when all the Basque territories were nominally French for a time.
		War]]In Spain, ironically, the fueros were upheld by the traditionalist, and nominally absolutist, Carlists all through the civil wars of the 19th century, in opposition to the victorious constitutional forces.
		In 1937, in the middle of the war, the troops of the new Basque Autnomous Government surrendered to Franco's fascist Italian allies in SantoÃ±a on condition that the Basques' heavy industry and economy were to be left untouched.
	www.hynas.com /wiki/?title=Basques (6249 words)

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