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	The Canterbury Tales - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Canterbury Tales is a collection of stories written by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th century (two of them in prose, the rest in verse).
		Portrait of Chaucer as a Canterbury pilgrim in the Ellesmere manuscript of The Canterbury Tales
		Two early manuscripts of the tale are the Hengwrt manuscript and the Ellesmere manuscript.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Canterbury_Tales (1497 words)

	[No title]
		Another very early manuscript is the sixth century fragment of fifty-eight leaves of a Latin Psalter, styled the Cathach or "Battler." For centuries this fragment has been preserved in a beautiful case as a relic of Columba; as, indeed, the actual cause of the dispute between Columba and Finnian of Moville.
		Among the survivors of the Canterbury collections at Trinity College, Cambridge, and elsewhere, "are some scores of volumes undoubtedly from Christ Church, all of one epoch," the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and all written in hands modelled on an Italian style.
		At St. Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, the monks were supplied with tablets, for a novice's outfit included, after profession, a stylus, tablets, and a knife.[2] The writing was scratched on the wax with a stylus, a sharp instrument of bone or metal.
	www.oakknoll.com /resources/resourcefiles/oldenglibraries.doc (17127 words)

	AHDS Case Studies: The Canterbury Tales Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The presence of the manuscripts El (the Ellesmere manuscript) and the Hg (the Hengwrt manuscript) near the base of the tree suggest that, while they do have the odd individual variation, they are more likely to be among the older manuscripts in the Chaucer tradition, upon which the others are founded.
		Some scribes copied from several manuscripts, more than one hand may have been at work on a single manuscript, other scribes would have misread the manuscripts they were working from, Chaucer himself might have added later insertions to one or two of the manuscripts, and there are probably many manuscripts that went missing.
		These manuscripts were then removed from the equation and a final PAUP analysis was made on the remaining manuscripts, based on the entirety of the Wife's Prologue.
	www.ahds.ac.uk /creating/case-studies/canterbury/index.htm (2867 words)

	Anglo-Saxon kingdom genealogy - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The chronicles of ancient England that document the Anglo-Saxon history on the islands of Britain.
		It contains several manuscripts for different Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England, amongst which the Winchester manuscript and the Canterbury manuscript may be mentioned.
		The Winchester manuscript lists the genealogy of the West-Saxon kingdom (Wessex)in England, up to king Alfred the great and was written in the late 9th century.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Anglo-Saxon_kingdom_genealogy (311 words)

	Images
		The Ellesmere Manuscript, one of the two earliest surviving manuscripts of The Canterbury Tales (the other is the Hengwrt Ms.), was probably made shortly after Chaucer's death in 1400.
		For an image of the opening of the General Prologue from the Hengwrt Manuscript, generally considered to be second only to the Ellesmere in terms of its quality, see Kevin Kiernan.
		Another excellent Canterbury Tales manuscript is the Lansdowne MS 851.
	www.towson.edu /~duncan/chaucer/images.htm (360 words)

	Essential Chaucer: Evolution and Order
		Challenges critical attempts to assess the structure of the Canterbury Tales on the grounds that the poem is a disorganized series of fragments.
		Studies the nature of and relations among the six earliest surviving manuscripts of Canterbury Tales to argue that, at his death, Chaucer left a group of fragments that better reflect the stages in a developing plan than a unified work.
		Suggests that the sequence of the Canterbury tales follows the cycle of the zodiac, describing echoes of the iconography and symbolism of the zodiacical signs and their associated planets in General Prologue and the first ten tales of the Ellesmere order.
	colfa.utsa.edu /chaucer/ec28-1-1.html (1037 words)

	The Manuscript Description Element
		It is common practice to prefix a full manuscript description with a brief prose characterization, title, or description, summarizing the whole of the manuscript, which may be used as a kind of `supplied title' or heading.
		References to manuscript locations may be used to specify exactly which parts of a manuscript are written by a given hand where this information is included within the hand description.
		In describing a manuscript, it is often difficult or impossible to draw a clear distinction between aspects which are purely physical and aspects which contribute to the intellectual content.
	www.tei-c.org /Master/Reference/ms.html (10180 words)

	Caxton's Chaucer - The Canterbury Tales
		The first edition of the Canterbury Tales is not dated but it has been convincingly argued, on the basis of an analysis of the type and the paper, that it was from 1476.
		Caxton wrote a preface to this edition explaining how a young gentleman – an indication of the type of reader at whom Caxton aimed his book – complained to him that the text of the first edition was not entirely satisfactory.
		Chaucer and his Canterbury Tales had evidently achieved a status which made it seem important to represent as precisely as possible Chaucer’s original words.
	www.bl.uk /treasures/caxton/canterbury.html (455 words)

	Medieval Manuscripts Sorted Alphabetically, Reference Department, Davis Library
		Ancient manuscript of the eighth or ninth century: formerly belonging to St. Mary's Abbey, An.
		2 ; and in A handlist of the manuscripts in the library of the Earl of Leicester at Holkham Hall / abstracted from the catalogues of William Roscoe and Frederic Madden and annotated by Seymour de Ricci, [Oxford] : Oxford University Press for the Bibliographical Society, 1932.
		Notes: Described in: A Catalogue of the manuscripts in the library of the Hunterian Museum in the University of Glasgow/ John Young [and] P. Henderson Aitken.
	www.lib.unc.edu /reference/microforms/medievalalpha.html (5255 words)

	'Canterbury Tales' purchase a milestone for Pitt library
		Now the University of Pittsburgh has acquired a copy of that 602-year-old manuscript, which is one of the most valuable literary texts in the world.
		The copy of the famous manuscript, which was a milestone in the history of books, helps Robertson and other English professors explain to students of Chaucer how the text evolved.
		One lesson learned from medieval manuscripts, Robertson said, is that there are different ways of circulating knowledge.
	www.post-gazette.com /regionstate/20010417book3.asp (797 words)

	BBC News \| WALES \| Ancient manuscript goes on CD
		Now, one of the most important manuscripts of his work - which has been in safe-keeping in Wales since at least the 17th Century - is being made available to new audiences via computer technology.
		For the last 100 years, the Hengwrt Chaucer manuscript has been in the manuscripts department of the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth.
		"It is likely he got the manuscript from the collection of Llanfair-is-Caer, between Y Felinheli and Caernarfon," she said.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/wales/999987.stm (505 words)

	15ch8
		The manuscript, furthermore, neither presents itself as a sumptuous manuscript, like the famous Ellesmere, nor holds a place of importance in the date of its composition, like the equally famous Hengwrt manuscript.
		My recent analysis of the manuscript leads me to believe that some of what Manly and Rickert deduced is in error, errors which have a significant bearing on both the methods of production of this manuscript and on its evidence for the "publication" of Chaucer in the provinces.
		Manly and Rickert assume, first of all, that this manuscript was produced by a group of Austin canons at the Abbey of St. Mary de Pratis.
	www.luc.edu /publications/medieval/vol15/15ch8.html (3217 words)

	DNA analysis pinpoints origina
		And depending on which one you choose to read, one of the most notorious women in early English literature is either a coarse woman with an indiscriminate sexual appetite, or a more restrained woman, wishing to accommodate her desires within a Christian marriage.
		All the manuscripts stem from two points, suggesting that the original was a work in progress with alternative passages.
		However, there are a group of manuscripts close to the original, most of which "have been ignored by scholars," write the researchers.
	www.exn.ca /html/templates/printstory.cfm?ID=1998082753 (736 words)

	Anglo-Saxon kingdom genealogy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Winchester manuscript lists the genealogy of the West Saxon kingdom (Wessex) in England up to King Alfred the Great and was written in the late 9th century.
		He was followed by the grandson Adalstein (also known as Ethelstane), who fostered Harald Fairhair's son Håkon Adalsteinsfostre.
		According to Thor Heyerdahl, Snorri Sturluson's list in the Younger Edda could not have been a copy of the 300-year older Anglo-Saxon chronicles: he would not have ended the genealogy when he did but copied the complete list.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Anglo-Saxon_kingdom_genealogy (277 words)

	medieval manuscripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In her research, she analyzed the manuscript of an anonymous 15th-century scribe – from his word choice and spelling to how he formed his letters – in an effort to discover the position of the manuscript in the overall Canterbury Tales manuscript tradition.
		The Canterbury Tales were handwritten on parchment and copied extensively by scribes prior to the invention of the printing press.
		In analyzing the manuscript known as Takamiya 22, Arrigoni Martelli has systematically mapped the spelling and meaning of words, the handwriting, random words and dialect in Clerk's, Wife of Bath's, Friar's and Summoner's prologues and tales.
	www.umaine.edu /perspective/archives/may01/martelli.htm (764 words)

	allc-es
		At the center of the project is a single manuscript, highly problematic because of its present damaged state and a complicated early history.
		Encoding relating to scribal activity and the physical state of the manuscript includes markup for abbreviations, accented letters, scribal additions, deletions and alterations, of written over erasure, treated with reagent, faded, damaged and missing text with its early restorations, uncertain readings, as well as letters covered and partly covered with restoration materials.
		Thus apart from recording the fact that a particular word is missing from the manuscript and in the edition is a result of an editorial restoration based on the Thorkelin transcripts, it was also important to record the information concerning the status of the reading in the transcripts themselves.
	www.uky.edu /AS/English/Beowulf/eBeowulf/allc-es.htm (3195 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| News \| DNA used in attempt to solve Christian mystery
		A full-page miniature in the Canterbury Gospels manuscript.
		It is the earliest existing illustrated Latin manuscript of the Gospels.
		By 1500 there were 88 versions of the Canterbury Tales in manuscript, containing 25,000 pages of text, and the Canterbury Tales Project, led by Peter Robinson at De Montfort University, Leicester, embarked on a 10-year long attempt to sort out their lineage.
	books.guardian.co.uk /news/articles/0,6109,1002586,00.html (513 words)

	Encyclopedia: Anglo-Saxon kingdom genealogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Hence, he states in The search for Odin that this can be viewed as evidence for Odin in fact being a historical person, fathering a series of Anglo-Saxon kings who later conquered England and formed new kingdoms there.
		This colourful front page of the Prose Edda in an 18th century Icelandic manuscript shows Odin, Heimdallr, Sleipnir and other figures from Norse mythology.
		Gaut, or Gautr, commonly assumed to mean father or ruler, is one of the names used for Odin, the god of ancient northern mythology.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Anglo_Saxon-kingdom-genealogy (872 words)

	Ellesmere Manuscript of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales
		The Ellesmere manuscript of Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, commonly referred to as the "Ellesmere Chuacer," is one of the most valuable and cherished mansucripts in the Huntington Library.
		No other text in the entire Chaucer canon can equal the Canterbury Tales, and indeed it would be difficult to name a single literary work of the whole medieval period, by any author, that surpasses these tales in their direct appeal to the reader.
		Their continued vitality almost six centuries after they were written is well attested by the several "modernizations" of the Middle English text, from Dryden to present generations, and by repeated appearances in paperback editions.
	www.huntington.org /HLPress/chaucerdetail.html (198 words)

	Sequentia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Here we have the songs of a professional entertainer whose audience was expected to pay for his services (and he might easily have been joined on occasion by another minstrel from the ranks of the itinerant players, or even a poetically-inclined clerical cantor).
		Our program combines some of the earliest-known musical manuscripts of European song with reconstructions from the Canterbury manuscript, to give a glimpse into the deliciously subtle, long-lost world of an unknown Rhineland harper and his sophisticated audience.
		From the Canterbury manuscript, these are songs of praise to the harp itself, instrument of kings, healers and magicians, an instrument whose strings vibrate in the hands of the harper like the resonating human soul in the hands of the Creator.
	www.sequentia.org /lostsongs_theme.html (971 words)

	[No title]
		Thus in the transcription introductions to most manuscripts, we say that word division is uncertain and that it was often difficult to decide whether the spelling is as one or as two words.
		One way was to be guided by the highly irregular word division of the manuscripts, and to consider them adverbs when they are spelt as one word and nouns with prepositions when they are spelt as two words.
		We hope that by bringing the manuscripts so close to the reader, in all their richness and all their confusion of readings and spellings, that we will bring the period, the language, and Chaucer himself far closer to the reader.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~scriptor/chaucer/rob.html (4294 words)

	Encyclopedia [Definition] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The work was written for the use of students and the general public, in Latin in 19 books.
		A number of copies exist both in manuscript and in printed form.
		March 30 - Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury May 23 - King Henry VIII of England marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled.
	www.wikimirror.com /encyclopedia (13785 words)

	The Medieval Academy
		The small icon in the upper left-hand corner as one examines the pages of the manuscript, showing at which opening in which quire one is on screen, helps to create the illusion of turning the pages of the manuscript.
		For textual studies of The Canterbury Tales, the CD provides the possibility of side-by-side comparison with the text of the Ellesmere copy of the Tales, Huntington Library MS.
		With an entire manuscript available on this CD, one can show students variations in the scribe’s handwriting from one portion of the manuscript to another, or assign students transcription and study of individual tales, quires, or booklets of the whole.
	www.medievalacademy.org /medacnews/news_mooney.htm (538 words)

	The Classic Text: Geoffrey Chaucer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Canterbury Tales, never completed, represents his magnum opus and the crowning achievement of his life.
		Scholars feel The Canterbury Tales reached their instant and continued success because of their accurate and oftentimes vivid portrayal of human nature, unchanged through 600 years since Chaucer's time.
		merging from the manuscript tradition, early printed editions of Chaucer borrowed heavily from the elaborate illustrations found in manuscript copies.
	www.uwm.edu /Library/special/exhibits/clastext/clspg073.htm (247 words)

	Anglo Saxon kingdom genealogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It containsseveral manuscripts for different Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England, amongstwhich the Winchester manuscript and the Canterbury manuscript may be mentioned.
		In relation to Odin and the Asa -faith of ancientNorthern Europe, the following table of the list of kings might be of interest(summarized from Thor Heyerdahl 's last book, The search for Odin).
		The Winchester manuscript lists the genealogy ofthe West-Saxon kingdom (Wessex)in England, up to king Alfred the great and waswritten in the late 9th century.
	www.therfcc.org /anglo-saxon-kingdom-genealogy-162218.html (311 words)

	The Digital Mirror - Manuscripts - Chaucer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The most famous of his works is the Canterbury Tales, which is an incomplete collection of stories or tales which are recounted by a group of characters who are travelling together on a pilgrimage to visit Thomas Becket's shrine at Canterbury.
		In the case of the 'Hengwrt Chaucer', later additions indicate that by the sixteenth century the manuscript had reached the Welsh Borders, for it belonged to Fouke Dutton, identified as a draper of Chester, who died in 1558.
		Amongst other Chaucer manuscripts in the Library's collections are three exemplars of his Tretyse on the Astrolabe, all with Welsh associations: Peniarth 359, NLW 3049D and NLW 3567B; the last of which was in the possession of John Edwards of Chirk, Denbighshire, as early as 1551.
	www.llgc.org.uk /drych/drych_s007.htm (819 words)

	University Press of Florida: An Ars Legendi for Chaucer's Canterbury Tales (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		in a daring, original study, Frese argues that the Ellesmere Manuscript of the Canterbury Tales represents Chaucer’s own final plans for the order and number of the Tales, traditionally thought to be unfinished at the time of the poet’s death.
		Frese contends that Chaucer devised a final plan for the order and number of the Canterbury Tales, that he inscribed this plan into the poetic text, and that this order and number are integral to the poem’s meaning.
		Finally, she postulates how and why early exemplars of Chaucer’s poem became “disordered” in the arrangements represented in the early Hengwrt manuscript and suggests that Chaucer created the “Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale”—included in Ellesmere but not in Hengwrt—to comment on this disaster.
	www.upf.com /book.asp?id=FRESES91 (247 words)

	Anglo-Saxon Chronicle : Canterbury manuscript (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some think that the chronicles were originally commissioned by King Alfred, but there is no substantive evidence for this.
		Many of the surviving manuscripts that are together known as The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles are concerned with him, but others marginalise him, depending on the preference of the original scribe.
		See Anglo-Saxon kingdom genealogy for a comparison on genealogies of the Canterbury and Winchester manuscript, with the one given by Snorri Sturluson in his Edda.
	www.eurofreehost.com /ca/Canterbury_manuscript.html (344 words)

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