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	Cantons of Switzerland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The twenty-six cantons of Switzerland are the states of the federal state of Switzerland.
		Historically and until the mid-19th century, each canton in the then-confederation was a sovereign state, with its own borders, army, and currency; the current federal structure was established in 1848.
		The cantons determine the degree of autonomy of the municipalities, thus this varies greatly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland (525 words)

	Switzerland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The conflict between Catholic and Protestant cantons persisted, erupting in further violence at the battles of Villmergen in 1656 and 1712.
		However, Swiss law is gradually being adjusted to conform with that of the EU and the government has signed a number of bilateral agreements with the European Union.
		On June 5, 2005, Swiss voters agreed, by a 55% majority, to join the Schengen treaty, a result that was welcomed by EU commentators as a sign of goodwill by Switzerland, a country that is traditionally perceived as isolationist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Switzerland (3734 words)

	Swiss cantons war flags
		The Swiss Confederation of 1803-1813 consisted of 19 cantons, each with a war flag consisting of two flame colours in the quarters and the white cross "traversante".
		Most cantonal crests in the center of the flags were replaced by a simple inscription in gold of the name of the canton on the horizontal bar of the white cross.
		The general pattern in 1803-1817 was for cantons to display the coat of arms in the center, and thereafter these were replaced by the inscribed name of the canton instead.
	flagspot.net /flags/ch-war.html (408 words)

	f. The Swiss Confederation. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		SOCIETY: Swiss society reflected the diversity of Swiss cantons—divided by religion and geography.
		Renewal of the alliance with France, enabling Louis XIV to draw mercenaries from the cantons despite opposition from Zürich and some of the Protestant cantons.
		The Protestant cantons agreed to supply soldiers to the Dutch and later to the English.
	www.bartleby.com /67/748.html (727 words)

	Switzerland
		By the Peace of Basel in 1499 ending the Swabian War, the Swiss threw off the last vestiges of imperial obligations, and their full independence was recognised in 1648 by the Treaty of Westphalia ending the Thirty Years' War (a war in which the Swiss actually had no part).
		While the cantons of the Swiss Confederation went to war flying their individual banners, they soon recognised the need for a common recognition sign, and as early as 1339 at the battle of Laupen, troops wore a long-armed narrow white linen cross stitched on their breasts, sleeves and thighs.
		The cantons remained all-powerful and raised their own armies, but since they had their own varied flags and uniforms, a federal armband consisting of a short white cross on a red field was introduced for all troops.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ch.html (2547 words)

	Details on Swiss Cantons
		The population of the canton is predominantly Protestant and German-speaking.
		The canton is overwhelmingly Catholic, and the inhabitants are two-thirds French-speaking.
		The smallest canton in Switzerland, it is a forested and mountainous region with orchards, meadows, and pastures in the valleys.
	plaque.free.fr /eur/ch3e.html (3261 words)

	The Swiss & Guns - Proven Success!
		Crucial to the Swiss victory was the motivation of the free Swiss troops.
		Swiss military ammo must be registered if bought at a private store, but need not be registered if bought at a range The nation's 3,000 shooting ranges sell the overwhelming majority of ammunition.
		About half the cantons have strict permit procedures for carrying handguns, and the other half have no rules at all There is no discernible difference in the crime rate between the cantons as a result of the different policies.
	www.ecclesia.org /truth/swiss.html (5324 words)

	FDL - AP Archives: "Notes on Swiss Direct Democracy"
		The significance of the cantons is illustrated by the fact that a Swiss tends to feel he is less a Swiss than a citizen of a certain canton.
		Every Swiss citizen is entitled to take part in these elections, either as a voter or as a candidate provided he or she is at least 20 years of age.
		Swiss trade unions are notable in that they are very enduring, stable organizations, universally recognized, and fully integrated into the political process.
	nancho.net /fdlap/swissdd1.html (2452 words)

	Switzerland as a Model for Constitutional Reform in Israel
		The present Swiss constitution was adopted in 1848 and underwent substantial revision in 1874.
		They do not object to cantons of a few tens of thousands in population and, indeed, base their system of citizenship on the acceptance as a citizen in a commune prior to the possibility of applying for and obtaining federal citizenship.
		Thus, for example, even in cosmopolitan, liberal Zurich, the cantonal university restricts the appointment of non-Protestants to professorships, because, after all, it is the university of Zwingli, one of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation.
	www.jcpa.org /dje/articles2/switz.htm (3893 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Cantons
		Canton was the first in England to verify Benjamin Franklin's conclusions about lightning.
		One of the smallest cantons, Geneva is in the plain between the Jura and the Alps.
		In the Jura Mts., bordered by the Swiss cantons of Bern on the south and Solothurn in the east and by France in the north and west.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Cantons (498 words)

	soc.culture.swiss FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Also note that Swiss genealogy is mostly discussed in the newsgroup soc.genealogy.german (don't be afraid of the ``german'' :-)) As a general advice, please consult the newsgroup news.announce.newusers and follow the discussion in soc.culture.swiss for some time before your first posting.
		The last Cantons to accept it at their level were AR and AI: Appenzell-Ausserrhoden (at the 1989 Landsgemeinde) and Appenzell-Innerrhoden in 1991 (by a Federal Court decision).
		Most of the Cantons have however a compulsory school system as follows: 5 (or 6) years of primary school (6,7 to 12) 4 (or 3) years of secondary school (12 to 15) The secondary school is usually separated in different sections, such as Scientific, Classic and Modern.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/swiss/faq (11998 words)

	Dave Kopel on guns & Switzerland on National Review Online
		They are doing their obligatory shooting, or practicing for the regional, Cantonal or federal shooting festivals, as their ancestors did it with the musket, the arquebus or the crossbow.
		For centuries, the Swiss cantons had no restrictions on keeping and bearing arms, though every male was required to provide himself with arms for militia service.
		By the latter part of the 20th century, some cantons required licenses to carry pistols, imposed fees for the acquisition of certain firearms (which could be evaded by buying them in other cantons), and imposed other restrictions — albeit never interfering with the ever-present shooting matches.
	www.nationalreview.com /kopel/kopel103001.shtml (2188 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Switzerland
		Louis of Bavaria withdrew the ban in 1315 and obliged the Archbishop of Mainz to recall the excommunication of the inhabitants of the forest districts (Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, and Lucerne).
		The majority of the cantons decided at the Diets of August 1846 and of July 1847 that this league should be dissolved, because it was not compatible with the Treaty of Confederation of 1815.
		The smaller cantons have as the legislative body the cantonal assembly, composed of all the active citizens of the canton, which elects the cantonal authorities.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14358a.htm (8017 words)

	Card Games: General rules for Swiss Jass
		Many of the most popular card games in Switzerland, especially in the German speaking cantons, belong to the Jass group, and are played with characteristic Swiss cards, which have come to be known as Jass cards.
		Swiss Jass games have a number of features in common, which will be described on this page, to save repetition elsewhere.
		The Under of trumps is called the Puur (Swiss version of the word Bauer, meaning peasant, which in the form Bower also appears in Euchre).
	www.pagat.com /jass/swjass.html (1710 words)

	Vatican - Swiss Guard (Part I)
		Swiss soldiers served the armies of the Papacy from the late 1300s onward, but only during the reign of Julius II (1503-13) was action taken to establish an organized unit of Swiss Guards directly under the Pope.
		In 1505, pursuant to a treaty was signed between Pope Julius II and the cantons of Zurich and Lucerne, Julius requested that the two cantons send 200 soldiers to Rome under the command of Peter von Hertenstein as condottiere and Caspar von Silenen as captain.
		Looking at the Swiss Guards flag as illustrated above, and comparing it with the text, I see that according to the text the arms in the first and fourth quarters are the same.
	flagspot.net /flags/va-swiss.html (1868 words)

	National labour law profile: The Swiss Confederation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the event of conflict between a federal and a cantonal rule, the first prevails over the second insofar as it was promulgated within the scope of federal competencies.
		At the request of all the contracting parties, the Federal Government or the competent cantonal authority may extend the scope of a collective agreement to the employers and workers belonging to the branch of the economy or the profession concerned and who are not bound by this agreement, provided that the requirements of Arts.
		In this connection, Swiss law is therefore not in line with ILO Convention 158, to which Switzerland in any case is not a party.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/dialogue/ifpdial/ll/profiles/ch.htm (5757 words)

	The Swiss Guard - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Already in the 13th and 14th centuries, after the Swiss Cantons had become independent, many of their men were fighting in Germany and Italy and as the Cantons were unable to prevent this type of emigration, they sought at least to organize it.
		When, at the end of the 15th century, with Charles VIII the Italian Wars began, the Swiss were described by the Italian historian, Guicciardini, as "the nerve and the hope of an army".
		The Swiss Guard, standing firm at the foot of the obelisk (now in St. Peter's Square, but then near the German cemetery within the Vatican close to the Basilica), together with the few remnants of the Roman troops, resisted desperately.
	www.vatican.va /roman_curia/swiss_guard/swissguard/storia_en.htm (1513 words)

	About the Swiss Guard
		The first Swiss Cantons had about 500,000 inhabitants and formed an overpopulated country, where, because of the precarious economic conditions of the times, there was much poverty.
		As it happended though, in the Swiss Cantons considerable opposition to mercenary soldiering had arisen, especially against the "free" type that was not accompanied bu a pact of alliance.
		Certainly he was not loved by all and the Swiss Guards had no easy task in protecting his person, to the point that towards the end of his life the Swiss contingent of 189 men hed been increased to 300.
	www.fortunecity.com /meltingpot/dalston/138/swisshp.htm (3727 words)

	ESRI News - Spring 2000 ArcNews -- Swiss Cantons Migrate GIS to ESRI Platforms
		In close cooperation, the cantons of Geneva and Vaud (Lausanne) in Switzerland have recently chosen a complement of ESRI software packages to expand and revitalize their regional GIS software.
		The two cantons are long-time users of GIS and launched an initiative more than two years ago to determine whether or not their existing ARGIS systems would continue to meet their expanding GIS needs.
		The new GIS implementation will allow the cantons to integrate their existing spatial databases, including cadastre and environment, as well as various networks and provide easy access to the databases via the Web.
	www.esri.com /news/arcnews/spring00articles/swisscantons.html (288 words)

	CNN.com - Swiss votes to keep army - December 2, 2001
		All resolutions have to be approved by both an absolute majority of voters and a majority of the Swiss cantons (states).
		A referendum on the issue in 1989 was rejected by 64.4 percent of those eligible to vote, but the support of almost a third of Swiss electors had a strong effect on future policy in encouraging a trimming of the army.
		The army question was one of five issues the Swiss public is being asked to vote on.
	archives.cnn.com /2001/WORLD/europe/12/02/switzerland.army (499 words)

	Ulrich Zwingli, Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss Reformation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In 1524 iconoclasts removed religious statuary from the church, and the next year the Catholic mass was replaced with a Zwinglian communion using both bread and wine as symbols of Christ's body and blood.
		Huldreich Zwingli or Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531), was a Swiss theologian, leader of the Reformation in Switzerland.
		After deliberation, the council upheld Zwingli by withdrawing the Zürich canton from the jurisdiction of the bishop of Constance; it also affirmed its previous ban against preachings not founded on the Scriptures.
	www.mb-soft.com /believe/txc/zwingli.htm (1744 words)

	Cantons Switzerland Europe Regional (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Other cantons where moves are being made to prevent passive smoking are...
		The environment office says around a third of Swiss cantons have embarked on...
		The cantons are responsible for schooling, which means there are currently 26...
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Regional/Europe/Switzerland/Cantons (280 words)

	Switzerland Cantons
		As they are presented in the Swiss constitution, the two parts of Appenzell are spelled "Appenzell Ausserrhoden" and "Appenzell Innerrhoden".
		Switzerland is also divided into 26 states, of which 20 are coextensive with the 20 undivided cantons, and six are coextensive with the half-cantons.
		On a lower level, the cantons are divided into districts, which are further subdivided into communes.
	www.statoids.com /uch.html (1267 words)

	SSRN-Strategic Tax Competition in Switzerland: Evidence from a Panel of the Swiss Cantons by Lars Feld, Emmanuelle ...
		It is well known from studies about Swiss cantonal and local income tax competition that Swiss taxpayers reside where income taxes are low.
		In this paper, empirical results on strategic tax setting by cantonal governments are presented for a panel of the Swiss cantons from 1984 to 1999.
		Completing the evidence on Swiss tax competition, the income tax rates in cantons are lower, the lower the tax rates of their neighbors.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=796704 (367 words)

	Switzerland - nationalanthems.info
		Zwyssig chose to use a hymn that he had composed to the psalm "Diligam te Domine" (I will love Thee, O Lord) for an ordination service in 1835 when he was music director at the monastery in Wettingen.
		Finally, on April 1, 1981, the "Swiss Psalm" was officially declared the Swiss national anthem, "a purely Swiss song, dignified and ceremonial, the kind of national anthem that the majority of our citizens would like to have."
		Some of Switzerland's cantons (especially those with a recent history of independence outside of Switzerland) have their own anthems, Neuchatel's cantonal anthem, for example, uses the same melody as the former Swiss anthem, that is "God save the King (Queen)".
	david.national-anthems.net /ch.htm (252 words)

	SSRN-Budget Referendums and Government Spending: Evidence from Swiss Cantons by Lars Feld, John Matsusaka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		New government spending must be approved by a referendum of citizens in many Swiss cantons.
		We estimate spending regressions for Swiss cantons using panel data from 1986 to 1997.
		After controlling for demographics and other determinants of spending, mandatory referendums on new spending are found to reduce the size of the budget by 17% for the median canton.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=239249 (348 words)

	Numismatik World Coins
		Swiss Cantons and Entities That Have Issued Coins
		I need all scarce date and/or high-grade Swiss coins and medals, even many dates of 1950 and later material in BU/Proof.
		I also buy nice World Crown type coins of 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries (especially with catalog values in the $50-500 range), and U.S. coins (scarce dates and high-grade types).
	www.numiswiss.com (443 words)

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