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Topic: Cantons of France

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	Canton in France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The canton is an administrative division of France.
		Their number was drastically reduced (between 30 and 50) by the loi du 8 pluviôse an IX (28 January 1801) called, "law for the reduction of the number of district courts", or loi portant réduction du nombre de justices de paix in French.
		Since 1800, cantons with small populations have been gotten rid of while new ones were created in regions of strong demographic growth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cantons_of_France (436 words)

	France. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The heart of France N of the Loire River is the province of Île-de-France, which occupies the greater part of the Paris basin, a fertile depression drained by the Seine and Marne rivers.
		In 1328, Philip VI (1328–50), of the house of Valois, a younger branch of the Capetians, succeeded to the throne.
		France was beset by a host of problems in 1995, including severe floods and terror bombings; the government faced international criticism for its nuclear testing in the South Pacific, which it resumed after a three-year moratorium; and the country was paralyzed late in the year by a long transportation workers strike.
	www.bartleby.com /65/fr/France.html (6467 words)

	FRANCE - LoveToKnow Article on FRANCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On the whole, however, France is inadequately provided with natural harbours; her long tract of coast washed by the Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay has sqarcely three or four good seaports, and those on the southern shore of the Channel form a striking contrast to the spacious maritime inlets on theEnglish side.
		The basin of the Garonne occupies south-western France with the exception of the tracts covered by the secondary basins of the Adour, the Aude, the Hrault, the Orb and other smaller rivers, and the lowlying plain of the Landes, which is watered by numerous coast rivers, notably by the Leyre.
		Upper Poitou and the zone of south-western France to the north of the Pyrenees are the chief regions for the breeding of mules.
	49.1911encyclopedia.org /F/FR/FRANCE.htm (16624 words)

	Canton français - Wikipédia
		Le rôle des cantons est essentiellement de fournir un maillage électoral ; aux élections cantonales, chaque canton élit la personne amenée à le représenter au conseil général du département (sauf à Paris, où le conseil de Paris est élu suivant un mode opératoire différent ; il n'y existe donc pas de cantons au sens électoral du terme.
		Les cantons forment également une circonscription judiciaire en tant que siège du tribunal de première instance.
		Les cantons furent créés 1790, en même temps que les départements, par le Comité de Division du territoire.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cantons_fran%C3%A7ais (396 words)

	Encyclopedia: Francis-I-of-France
		Because of the Salic Law that stated that women could not inherit the throne of France, the throne passed to Francis I at the death of Louis XII, as he was the descendant of the eldest surviving male line of the Capetian Dynasty.
		The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328-1589.
		Claude de France (14 October 1499 – 20 July 1524), French queen by marriage and duchess of Brittany in her own right, was the eldest daughter of King Louis XII of France and Anne, the heiress of Brittany.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Francis_I_of_France (5385 words)

	Administrative divisions of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Furthermore, as of January 1, 2005, there exist 2,510 intercommunal structures grouping 32,223 communes (88.1% of all the communes of metropolitan France), with 50.9 million people living in them (84.3% of the population of metropolitan France).
		Cantons are the same as communes in Mayotte.
		Citizens from all parts of France, including overseas possessions, vote in national elections (presidential, legislative) and are represented to the Senate.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Administrative_divisions_of_France (594 words)

	France - Landscape and Climate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The country is bordered by the English Channel (which the French call La Manche) to the north, Belgium and Luxembourg to the northeast, Germany and Switzerland to the east, Italy to the southeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, Spain and Andorra to the southwest, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west.
		The central area of France is a high plateau known as the Massif Central.
		The Alps and the Jura rise in the southeast, on the border with Switzerland and Italy.
	www.cp-pc.ca /english/france/landclim.html (417 words)

	Arpajon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Arpajon is a commune of the Essonne département, in the Paris Metropolitan Area (Île-de-France région), in France.
		Chief town of canton of 9 159 inhabitants, the commune is located at 30 km south of Paris, accessible by the N20, and to 20 km in the north of Étampes.
		Common A a surface of 2.40 km² and culminates to 69 metres.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arpajon (188 words)

	France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The amendments to the French Constitution of France of 4 October 1958 gives the President of the Republic and the Government the authority to conduct French foreign policy.
		Moreover France has concluded a range of agreements with neighbouring countries in the area of decentralised cross-border co-operation: Germany, Spain, Italy, Luxembourg and Switzerland.
		France is also a party to the European Framework Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities of 21 May 1980, also known as the Madrid Convention and Additional Protocol No. 1 of 9 November 1995.
	www.eda.admin.ch /sub_dipl/e/home/thema/scoop/paysv/franc.html (403 words)

	Burgundy (Traditional province, France) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Robert, son of king of France Robert le Pieux (972-1031), was the root of the first Capetian house of Burgundy.
		Marie married in 1477 Maximilian of Austria, and the Netherlands and Franche-Comté became property of the House of Hapsburg.
		The meaning of such a scene is quite clear: Louis XI was the legitimate king of France, whereas Charles allied with the hereditary enemy, England, and caused the incorporation of part of the French territory to the other enemy, Germany.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/fr-bg.html (1464 words)

	Montigny-en-Gohelle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Montigny-in-Gohelle is a chief town of canton of northern France, in the département of Pas-de-Calais, district of Lens.
		It belongs to the community of agglomeration of Hénin - Carvin which consists of 14 communes, and has a population of 125,000 inhabitants.
		Population (1999): 10,638 inhabitants for the city and 20,704 inhabitants for the canton.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Montigny-en-Gohelle (101 words)

	CANTON IN FRANCE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Each canton elects a person to represent them at the ''conseil gÃ©nÃ©ral du dÃ©partement'' — or President_of_the_general_council for the ''dÃ©partement''.
		However, statistically it makes sense to view each of the 20 arrondissements_of_Paris as individual cantons.
		In total there are 4,039 cantons in France in 2004 with 156 in the DÃ©partement_d'outre-mer.
	www.whereintheworldiskerry.com /Canton_in_France (402 words)

	1803 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		May 18 - The United Kingdom redeclares war on France after France refused to withdraw from Dutch territory.
		Gallen, Thurgau, the Ticino, Vaud become Swiss cantons.
		France - the Livre Tournois (Tours Pound) is replaced by the Franc.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/1803 (583 words)

	City Mayors: Local government in France
		France is one of the few countries in the European Union with four tiers of government - the state or central government, region, department and commune’;.
		In France the term commune is applied to all municipalities whatever their size – 80 per cent of them have fewer than 1,000 residents.
		He or she represents the department at the legal level, heads the department's staff and services and, finally, as the person in charge of running the department, exercises certain police powers in the areas of conservation and departmental highways (without prejudice to the powers of the Mayors and Prefect in these areas).
	www.citymayors.com /france/france_gov.html (1899 words)

	1712. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		A secret agreement, named after the locked box it was placed in, signed by the Catholic cantons giving France exclusive rights to recruit military personnel in their territories.
		Renewal of the treaty with France, but this time with the abstention of the Protestant cantons.
		Thenceforth the developments in France were faithfully mirrored in Geneva.
	www.bartleby.com /67/749.html (454 words)

	Constituency - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Canada, constituencies are legally known as electoral districts (in French, circonscriptions) for Members of Parliament and Members of Legislative Assemblies at the provincial level, although "constituency" and the informal term "riding" is also used.
		In France, electoral constituencies are known as circonscriptions électorales.
		In Switzerland the Canton of St. Gallen uses the Wahlkreise (constituency or electoral district) in place of the previous, and more usual, district.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Electoral_division (833 words)

	Administrative divisions of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Furthermore, as of January 1, 2005, there exist 2,510 Commune in France#Intercommunalityintercommunal/ structures grouping 32,223 communes (88.1% of all the communes of metropolitan France), with 50.9 million people living in them (84.3% of the population of metropolitan France).
		Canton in FranceCanton/s are the same as communes in Mayotte.
		Citizens from all parts of France, including overseas possessions, vote in national elections (President of Francepresidential, French National Assemblylegislative) and are represented to the Senate of FranceSenate.
	www.infothis.com /find/Administrative_divisions_of_France (668 words)

	VALS - LoveToKnow Article on VALS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Valtellina was extremely important to the Habsburgs as affording the direct route between their possessions of the Milanese and Tirol.
		In I 603 Fuentes, the Spanish governor of the Milanese, built a fortress (of which traces still remain) close to the Lake of Como, and at the entrance to the valley, in order to overawe it.
		It became (after 1798) part of the canton Raetia of the Helvetic republic, and in 1803 of the canton of the GraubUnden or Grisons, which was then first received a full member of the Swiss Confederation.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /V/VA/VALS.htm (1207 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Lucerne
		The Revolution of July in France helped on the radical victory, and at the end of March, 1831, a Liberal Government came into power, whose leaders were the Burgomaster Amrhyn and the brothers Pfyffer.
		The victories of the Radicals in several cantons and the murder of Leu (20 July, 1845) caused Lucerne to conclude a separate alliance (Sonderbund, 11 Dec., 1845) with Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Fribourg, Zug, and Valais, in opposition to the alliance of the Liberal cantons of 1832.
		The canton of Lucerne, at the census of 1900, numbered 146,519 inhabitants, 134,020 of whom were Catholics, 12,085 were Protestants, and 414 of other denominations; the city, 29,255 inhabitants (23,955 Catholics, 4933 Protestants, 299 Jews).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09406b.htm (2566 words)

	Subnational entity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Canton - Cantons of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cantons of Switzerland, Cantons of France
		Department - Departments of France, Departments of Bolivia
		Region - Regions of Finland, Regions of France, Regions of New Zealand
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Subnational_entity (297 words)

	The Man in the Iron Mask - THE VALET'S MASTER
		The scheme is for an alliance of England, Holland, Spain, and the Protestant Cantons, against France and Savoy.
		France had been well-informed about Marsilly while he was in England.
		He wanted the King to renew his alliance with the Swiss cantons, but was told that the cantons must first expel the regicides of Charles I. He undertook to arrange this, and some eight months later came back to England.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Iron/00000013.htm (3601 words)

	LYonne.com : le site des icaunais (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Les représentants des cantons, les Conseillers Généraux, sont élus pour six ans au suffrage universel direct par les électeurs de chaque canton.
		Tous les trois ans, après le renouvellement cantonal, les élus se réunissent pour élire le président.
		Henri de Raincourt, Conseiller Général du canton de Chéroy, Président du Conseil Général de l'Yonne depuis 1992, a été réélu le 23 mars 2001 en séance publique.
	www.lyonne.com /une/dossier_departe.htm (457 words)

	Articque-Support, Carticque CDROM User Guide
		This product brings together all the outlines of the french cantons and pseudo-cantons, the France by regions, by departements, and the general outlines of France.
		The maps of cantons and of pseudo-cantons were made in 2004.
		The overseas departements by cantons, and the general outlines of the overseas departements.
	support.articque.com /carticque_cantons/help.htm (187 words)

	Search: Cantons - Info.co.uk
		cantons determine the degree of autonomy of the municipalities,...
		The Canton Family This is the site of Valerie & Michael Canton and their daughters Helen and Naomi.
		Cantons of Switzerland - Luzern Appenzell Innerrhoden Uri St. Gallen Schwyz Graubunden Vaud Fribourg Valais Solothurn Neuchatel Basel-Stadt Obwalden Aargau Nidwalden Thurgau Glarus Ticino...
	dpxml.infospace.com /infocom.uk/results?otmpl=dog/webresults.htm&qkw=Cantons&CMP=KNC-3LS480536328&infoad=1 (477 words)

	Heritage: everyone's business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		France is a centralised country and all levels of government have long played a major role in this area.
		The Ministry of Defence is, after the Dapa, the second largest owner of historic monuments in France, one of the few countries to offer visitors a range, of perfectly restored and maintained forts, fortified towns and citadels, to say nothing of the more than a hundred military museums.
		France not only has historic monuments, but also washing-places and chapels, village squares and traditional workshops, which give it a good part of its charm.
	www.france.diplomatie.fr /label_france/ENGLISH/DOSSIER/patrimoine/03affaire_de_tous.html (1568 words)

	France Mobiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Compte tenu du nombre de cantons retenu, les résultats de cette enquête ne permettent certes pas de tirer des conclusions définitives pour l’ensemble du territoire français.
		Sur les 60 cantons, 49 sont couverts à plus de 90 % par au moins un opérateur et 10 sont couverts à moins de 60 % par au moins un opérateur.
		Sur l’ensemble des 100 cantons testés lors des deux enquêtes menées cette année par l’ART, la couverture moyenne ressort à 83%.
	www.francemobiles.com /telmob/news/actu/unefm/pa998635.shtml (259 words)

	Valais / Wallis canton (Switzerland)
		A seventh was added in 1628, and in that year France, Savoy and Switzerland all recognised Valais as a free republic.
		In 1810 France annexed Valais outright as the Department of Simplon.
		Since the Act of Mediation of 1803 was a Napoleonic creation, it collapsed with him, and the Allies restored the pre-revolutionary Confederation in 1815 with the addition of three new cantons liberated from France.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/ch-vs.html (601 words)

	Administrative divisions of France -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		(A small administrative division of a country) Cantons are the same as communes in Mayotte.
		Wallis and Futuna is divided into 3 districts (circonscriptions territoriales) which exactly match the three traditional chiefdoms (royaumes coutumiers) with their traditional kings still at their head, the only kings currently recognized in the French Republic.
		Citizens from all parts of France, including overseas possessions, vote in national elections ((Click link for more info and facts about presidential) presidential, (Click link for more info and facts about legislative) legislative) and are represented to the (Assembly possessing high legislative powers) Senate.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/A/Ad/Administrative_divisions_of_France.htm (884 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Meuse
		Meuse is a département in northeast France, named after the Meuse River.
		Meuse is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on March 4, 1790.
		The population has decreased sharply since the 19th century, with the rural exodus to the cities.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Meuse (102 words)

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