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Topic: Cantonese dialects

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	Business Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Cantonese is most commonly spoken in Hong Kong, a financial and cultural capital of southern China, and in one form or another in many if not most Chinatowns around the world with Cantonese communities.
		For instance, sei yap or siyi (四邑) dialect, from the Guangdong counties where a majority of Exclusion-era Cantonese-Chinese immigrants emigrated, continues to be spoken both by recent immigrants from Southern China and even by third-generation Chinese Americans of Cantonese ancestry alike.
		Colloquial Cantonese is rarely used in formal forms of writing; formal written communication is almost always in standardized Mandarin or hanyu, albeit still pronounced in Cantonese.
	www.bizencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Cantonese_language (2032 words)

	Chinese language and dialects from ALS International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Yue is primarily spoken in the province of Guangdong.
		Yue, including the well-known Cantonese (the language of Guangzhou -also known as Canton) is spoken in many part of the Chinese Diaspora, particularly Hong Kong and overseas Chinese settlements in the United States, Europe and South-east Asia..
		Most of the Hakka dialect group is scattered throughout southeastern China in Guangxi province and throughout the Min and Yue regions.
	www.alsintl.com /languages/chinese.htm (822 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Cantonese Language Profile
		Certain publications in Hong Kong are known as "Cantonese newspapers" (for instance, those that focus on cartoons) because of their relatively large proportion of "Cantonese characters," that is, standard Chinese characters used to represent sounds of the spoken language.
		Cantonese is a tonal language where the meaning of words and sentences is affected by the pitch with which they are spoken.
		The dialect of Guangzhou is a prestige variant and the model for the rest of Guangdong province.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /profiles/profc01.htm (1474 words)

	Cantonese (linguistics) - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Cantonese is most commonly spoken in Hong Kong, the financial and cultural capitol of the Cantonese diaspora, and in one form or another in many if not most Chinatowns around the world.
		For instance, sei yap or siyi (四邑) dialect, from the Guangdong counties where a majority of Exclusion-era Chinese immigrants emigrated, continues to be spoken both by recent immigrants from the mainland and even by third-generation Chinese Americans alike.
		Colloquial Cantonese is rarely used in formal forms of writing; almost always formal written communication is conducted in standardized hanyu, albeit still pronounced in Cantonese.
	www.free-definition.com /Cantonese-(linguistics).html (1375 words)

	Cantonese (linguistics) - InformationBlast
		Despite the popularity of Cantonese, most universities in the US do not and have not historically taught Cantonese, but Mandarin, which is used officially by both the People's Republic of China and Republic of China, and formerly in Imperial China as the court dialect.
		The second problem is with the Chinese characters : Cantonese uses the same system of characters as Mandarin, but it often uses different words, which have to be written with different characters.
		At least this is the case in Hong Kong, but in mainland China, Cantonese is written with the exact same characters as Mandarin, though the characters stand for words not actually used in Cantonese.
	www.informationblast.com /Cantonese_language.html (1052 words)

	Difference between Cantonese and Mandarin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Cantonese, along with all the southern dialects, is closer linguistically to the old varieties of Chinese that existed before the modern dialects.
		Cantonese comics, because the precise phrasing of the language is crucial to the humor.
		Since Cantonese has the shorter expressions mat, ye, mou instead of she me, dong xi, mei you; and since they are an integral part of the grammar (for instance, mou, instead of mut yau, helps to form the negative past tense), some may consider this a syntax difference.
	www.stanford.edu /~sngai/cant-mandarin.htm (4084 words)

	Language Difficulty Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Generally, the idea of dialects differs from that of related languages in that dialects of the same language are mutually intelligible while separate languages are not.
		Cantonese does have a dominant romanization system, Yale Cantonese romanization, but there are other methods being used and others under development, and there is no system that has official support in the same way that Mandarin pinyin does.
		However, Cantonese does have five symbols in its most commonly used romanization (Yale) that have multiple sound correspondences and an unrecognizable symbol (the symbol "h" would not be intuitively recognized as marking the low tone).
	www.chinawestexchange.com /Cantonese/difficulty.htm (4025 words)

	Cantonese (linguistics) biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Despite the broad area over which Cantonese is spoken, most universities in the US do not and have not historically taught Cantonese, but Mandarin, which is used officially by both the People's Republic of China and Republic of China, and formerly in Imperial China as the court dialect.
		Colloquial Cantonese is rarely used in formal forms of writing; formal written communication is almost always in standardized hanyu, albeit still pronounced in Cantonese.
		As not all Cantonese words can be found in current encoding system, in very informal speech, cantonese tends to use extremely simple romanization, symbols, homophones, and Chinese character to compose a message.
	cantonese-chinese.biography.ms (1363 words)

	Dialects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		However, within each of these dialects, there are a lot of related dialects which are the main means of communications within local villages.
		Mandarin is the most-spoken Chinese dialect in the world (about 885 million) and it is also one of the five official languages in the United Nations.
		Cantonese, which is also known as Yue (¸f) or GuangZhouhua (zsS{¸Ü), is mainly spoken in the southern Chinese provinces of Guangdong (i.e.
	www.fi.muni.cz /usr/wong/teaching/chinese/notes/node12.html.iso-8859-1 (984 words)

	Mi3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The major dialects such as Cantonese, Shanghai and Min all have words that are not found in other dialects.
		Cantonese, being a major dialect in the south, has a sizable set of words that do not seem to be related to their Mandarin counterparts:
		The difference in the lack of differentiation in Cantonese for ice and snow reminds us of the parallel difference between the richness of vocabulary for snow in Eskimo languages spoken in the frigid north and the extreme lack of distinction between cold and ice and snow in the Aztec languages spoken in the southern hemisphere.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /dept/chinese/aspect/dialectvocab.html (943 words)

	Chinese Dialects FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A separate dialect is a form of speech different than your own that you can still understand (intelligibility) and the speaker of that dialect can still understand you (mutual intelligibility), though sometimes with difficulty, or you may not recognize the use of some words.
		In dialects with first syllable dominance, sandhi phrases tend to be shorter and occur primarily on bound lexical items, as found in Shanghai Wu.
		With the existence of a dialect such as this, it is apparent that many dialects are at a different point in historical development between tone sandhi and accent.
	www.glossika.com /en/dict/faq.htm (4244 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Cantonese is the most extensively spoken Chinese dialect after Mandarin.
		The differences between the Chinese dialects of Mandarin and Cantonese are similar to the differences in pronounciation and vocabulary of the Romance languages
		Cantonese is the most extensively spoken Chinese dialect after Mandarin because of the strong influence of Hong Kong's economy and culture (pop songs, TV programs, and movies) and also because more Cantonese people went abroad in the early years.
	www.speakalanguage.com /chinese/mandarin-cantonese.htm (225 words)

	Articles - Cantonese (linguistics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Guangzhou dialect is the lingua franca of not just Guangdong province, but also the overseas Cantonese diaspora, spoken by about 70 million Cantonese worldwide, rivalled overseas only by the 40 million speakers of Hokkien, many of whom are located throughout Southeast Asia.
		In addition to the Guangzhou dialect, the Taishan dialect, one of the sei yap or siyi (åé‘) dialects that come from Guangdong counties where a majority of Exclusion-era Cantonese-Chinese immigrants emigrated, continues to be spoken both by recent immigrants from Southern China and even by third-generation Chinese Americans of Cantonese ancestry alike.
		Cantonese is generally considered to have 6 or 7 tones, the choice depending on whether a traditional distinction between a high-level and a high-falling tone is observed; the two tones in question have largely merged into a single, high-level tone, especially in Hong Kong Cantonese.
	www.sidepoint.com /articles/Cantonese_language (1940 words)

	Cantonese language, pronunciation and special characters
		Cantonese is spoken by about 66 million people mainly in the south east of China, particularly in Hong Kong, Macau, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan.
		Cantonese is also the main language of business, the media and government in both Hong Kong and Macau.
		Cantonese, Dungan, Gan, Hakka, Mandarin, Shanghainese, Taiwanese, Teochew, Xiang
	www.omniglot.com /writing/cantonese.htm (523 words)

	Mandarin vs. Cantonese - www.ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In China, Mandarin is the main dialect in most areas...although a large percentage of the people speak (or at least understand) both dialects.
		Cantonese, Hakka, ChiuChow and their next door Fujianese neighbors love to immigrate and the vast majority of Chinese people outside of China are Southern Chinese though they make up at the most about 15 percent of mainland China's population.
		Cantonese is spoken very fast and is very funny and has so many four-letter words that it'll make you head spin.
	p198.ezboard.com /fzhangziyifrm1.showMessage?topicID=484.topic (1910 words)

	Language
		The Hakka dialect should be regarded as one of the oldest, if not the oldest, of Chinese dialects.
		The following dialects all refer to the first personal pronoun as "ngo" or variations like "Nguan", "Ngan", "Ngou" etc. The historical significance of some are indicated, showing the early and widespread use of the nasal sound in the Chinese language.
		Cantonese, as another old Chinese dialect, is quite similar (Haagga yen).
	www.asiawind.com /hakka/language.htm (2799 words)

	[Wikipedia-l] Individual Wikipedias for different Sinitic vernaculars (Cantonese debate) - update
		But I have never seen any books written in the Wu dialect in my entire life, and I have only heard of one book that was written in Wu in the 1930s, and apparently it received very limited attention.
		Speakers of the different dialects can pronounce each characters in very different ways (A Wu speaker can hardly understand Cantonese or Min-nan, and vice versa), they all have the same grammar and similar ways of expression, after thousands years of cultural integration within the unified country.
		Interestingly also Mark seem to neglect the fact that really no native speakers of all these dialects support the proposal, knowing that it is a totally unworkable proposal.
	mail.wikipedia.org /pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-January/037015.html (377 words)

	Spoken Chinese (Mandarin, Cantonese, Taiwanese, etc)
		All varieties of Chinese belong to the Sino-Tibetan family of languages and each one has its own dialects and sub-dialects, which are more or less mutually intelligible.
		Cantonese is spoken by about 66 million people in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces and Hainan island in China, and also in Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, Malaysia and many other countries
		It used to be considered as a dialect of Mandarin, but is now thought to be a separate variety of Chinese.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/chinese_spoken.htm (631 words)

	Languages of Guangdong Province and Taishan County in particular
		Cantonese, also known as Yue, is one of several major languages in China, and today has some 64 million speakers.
		The term "Cantonese" comes from the city of Canton, now known as Guangzhou, which is the capital of Kwangtung Province, now known as Guangdong.
		Cantonese is very similar to other Chinese languages in its syntax.
	www.apex.net.au /~jgk/taishan/langs.html (1096 words)

	Numerals - SE Asian Readings of Characters
		Instead of viewing all the languages and dialects as isolated and separate, they can be thought of as related and derived from a common source, albeit at various periods along the development of Chinese itself.
		Cantonese is taken to be the dialect associated with GuangZhou city in Central GuangDong Province.
		In the FuZhou dialect, all -t and -p endings have gone to -k, (1, 7, 8, 10), a velar plosive, which demonstrates the gradual movement of the occlusive ending from being articulated at the lips (bilabial -p) to the teeth ridge (alveolar -t) and backwards to the palate (velar -k), an observation made by others.
	www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk /sapienti/cjkvnum.htm (5348 words)

	Jordan's China Handbook: The Chinese Language(s)
		[Cantonese: Hok7-lou5, Hokkien: Hok-ló., Hok-liău or, in Táiwān, Hō-ló.] or "Old Fújiàn Fellow," which enters the English literature as "Hoklo." The term "Hoklo" is also used to refer to Fujianese in contrast to Punti in Guángdōng.
		Dialects of Cantonese are widely spoken in overseas Chinese communities, including most Chinese communities in North America, but Cantonese is rarely found in Táiwān.
		(Cantonese, in contrast, developed a modest colloquial literature of its own based especially on the spoken standards of Hong Kong and Canton.) In Táiwān today it is normal to write in colloquial, public-school Mandarin, which is either pronounced in Mandarin or translated on the spot if Hokkien output is necessary.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~dkjordan/chin/hbchilang-u.html (6772 words)

	Chinese and its Dialects
		Other than Mandarin, the Cantonese dialect is the one most likely to be known by Westerners, largely because for 200 years the people of Canton (Guangdong) province and Hong Kong have been the Chinese most actively trading with the West.
		One dialect (called “Mandarin” in English) is the dialect of the region around China's capital, Beijing, and thus has become the common dialect for oral communication among the Chinese people.
		The term “Mandarin” is a Western term for the main Chinese dialect that has nothing to do with terms in Chinese for the language; &#147;Cantonese”; is a bit more descriptive in that it’s named after the Chinese province (using the Wade-Giles transcription) where it is found.
	www.cob.sjsu.edu /west_j/Asia/Dialects.html (799 words)

	å´äººç¤¾åº - Intelligibility Among Wu Dialects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		All Wu dialects have different tone sandhi patterns so going even from Shanghai to Suzhou will cause some initial difficulties, but the ears adjust to them very quickly because the consonants throughout Wu dialects are very stable, and there are some very consistent vowel patterns between the dialects.
		Cantonese and Gan and Hakka would actually fit into a "northern" branch that is comparable with Wu as a branch.
		Cantonese, Gan, and Hakka are a lot more different from each other than the Northern Wu dialects are within themselves; the phonologies are all different, although Gan and Hakka are somewhat similar.
	bbs.zanhei.com /printthread.php?t=29 (1553 words)

	Refraction » Blog Archive » Cantonese. Mandarin. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		I find this statement very interesting: &#8220;[Cantonese] is the lingua franca of the Chinese diaspora, spoken by about 70 million people worldwide, less than for example Mandarin Chinese, but still a major language.” I agree with the first part.
		“Linguistically, Cantonese is a more conservative dialect than Mandarin.” Which of course implies that Mandarin is a dialect as well.
		There are sub-dialects of Mandarin just as there are sub-dialects of Cantonese; unfortunately I’m not familiar with them.
	www.taintedreina.com /gemtiger?p=282 (595 words)

	Chinese Dialects
		Introduction to the Chinese dialects and their description with an emphasis on their relationships, historical origins, and development from earliest evidence of diversity to the present.
		This course will survey the major Chinese dialects, their modern forms, their geographical distribution, and their history, from their earliest discernible origins to the present.
		Emphasis will be on issues of description of the modern dialects, and how comparative description is used to uncover clues to dialect relationship and historical development.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /%7Ersimmon/chi425syl.htm (441 words)

	China History Forum, online chinese history forum -> Differences in Chinese Dialects
		I've read recently that the Chinese "dialects", such as Mandarin and Cantonese, not only have sound differences (meaning words are spoken differently), but the sentence structure and grammar are different as well.
		For example, I've read in Cantonese that the sentence structure in describing an object goes adjective then noun, while in Mandarin it is noun then adjective.
		While Mandarin and Cantonese are not what you'd consider "dialects", but they are not to the level of being separate languages.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=223 (1480 words)

	China History Forum, online chinese history forum -> History of chinese dialects
		For dialects, it was spoken in a local region and in common daily lifes.
		He said that all the 7 major dialects were evolved from the old chinese (before 800 to 300 BC).
		Actually according to the World Hakka Association,Hakka dialect can be traced back to as early as Spring and Autumn period or Warring States era.I don't believe that Hakka dialect originated around or after Song dynasty because some language scholars had already verified that it is closest to ancient rhyme of old central plains.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=835 (1746 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Basic Cantonese: A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge Grammars) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Intermediate Cantonese : A Grammar and Workbook (Routledge Grammars) by Virginia Yip
		Cantonese: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars) by Stephen Matthews
		Each lesson builds on the previous one, as you would expect, but the inclusion of vocabulary that actually is useful in the world, and their clear method for discribing tonal pronunciations goes far beyond what has been available to date.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0415193850?v=glance (916 words)

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