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	Cape Bojador - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cape Bojador or Boujdour is a headland on the northern coast of Western Sahara, just below latitude 27° North.
		The discovery of a passable route around Cape Bojador, in 1434, by the Portuguese mariner Gil Eanes was considered a major breakthrough for European traders en route to Africa and later to India.
		Today the town is heavily "moroccanized", due to a large influx of non-Sahrawi settlers and Moroccan military personnel, coupled with the flight of many of the native Sahrawis to the refugee camps in Tindouf, Algeria.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cape_Bojador (308 words)

	cape - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about cape (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A shorter version of the cloak, a cape is an outer garment worn over the shoulders and arms, but without slits for the arms.
		Capes were popular in the late 19th century and again in the 1950s to the mid-1970s.
		The members of the Cape Pleasant Club were easygoing refugees from other and more exacting clubs, men who pottered rather than raced round the links; men, in short, who had grown tired of having to stop their game and stand aside in order to allow perspiring experts to whiz past them.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /cape (214 words)

	Henry the Navigator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Portuguese vessels encountered the Cape Verde islands in 1455.
		Until Henry's coastal explorations, Cape Bojador remained the most southerly point known to Europeans on the unpromising desert coast of Africa, although the Periplus of the Carthaginian Hanno the Navigator described a journey further south about 2,000 years earlier.
		The school at Sagres achieved several advances in the art of navigation, and the discoveries Henry made possible provided the groundwork for the development of Portugal's colonial empire when his great-nephew, King John II of Portugal, continued his policy of exploration on assuming the throne in 1481.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Henry_the_Navigator (1049 words)

	Cape Bojador - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cape Bojador is a land form on the northern coast of Morocco's Western Sahara province, just below latitude 27° North.
		It is also known as the "Bulging Cape", and is sometimes spelled "Cape Boujdour".
		The Cape's name in Arabic is "Abu Khatar", meaning “the father of danger.”
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Cape_Bojador (211 words)

	The Dr. Fridtjof Nansen Programme 1975–1993 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The aggregations south of Cape Dra (28°44'N) may thus be related to the area of local cold water in that region and the wide distribution of sardine on the shelf south of Cape Bojador corresponded with the extensive cold water masses found here in all surveys.
		The sardine between Cape Safi and Cape Bojador (divisions 1a, b and c) is assumed to constitute the so-called “central stock” which is separated from the “southern stock” found south of Cape Bojador (division 1d) (Shotton, 1984).
		Cape Timiris (19°23'N) in Mauritania represents the southern boundary for the European horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), and the northern boundary for the Cunene horse mackerel (Trachurus trecae).
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/004/X3950E/X3950E08.htm (6980 words)

	Cape Bojador (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cape Grace Hotel Cape Grace occupies its own quay in Cape Town's Waterfront with Table Mountain as the majestic backdrop.
		Nikki's Cape Town Page A comprehensive web site on Cape Town, South Africa, including info on things to see and do, the history of the Cape, places to stay, shopping and links to other Cape Town related web sites.
		Cape Villas Self catering Holiday Home in the tranquil village of Yzerfontein, Pearl Bay, Cape Town.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Cape_Bojador.html (406 words)

	Broadmining: Cape (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A cape is an article of clothing, and can be used to describe any sleeveless outer garment, such as a poncho.
		A gas cape was a voluminous military garment designed to give rain protection to someone wearing the bulky gas masks used in twentieth century wars.
		Superheroes, vampires, and the like are often depicted wearing capes, and they are therefore sometimes adopted by those with superheroic or vampiric pretensions.
	www.lowide.com /Cape&t= (155 words)

	Encyclopedia: Henry the Navigator
		Duarte of Portugal (Edward, in English), the Philosopher or the Eloquent, the 11th king of Portugal, was born in Viseu on October 31, 1391 and he died in Tomar on September 13, 1438.
		The peninsula of Cap-Vert (Cape Verde, meaning green point) is the westernmost part of the continent of Africa.
		The Cape of Good Hope headland seen from the north The Cape of Good Hope is a headland in South Africa, near Cape Town, traditionallyâ€” and incorrectly â€” regarded as marking the turning point between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Henry-the-Navigator (3734 words)

	"The Navigator" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Unfortunately, a major obstacle along the African route was Cape Bojador, southeast of the Canary Islands (located in Western Sahara).
		European sailors were afraid of the cape, for supposedly to its south lay monsters and insurmountable evils.
		Prince Henry sent fifteen expeditions to navigate south of the cape from 1424 to 1434 but each returned with it's captain giving excuses and apologies for not having passed the dreaded Cape Bojador.
	www.princehenrysociety.org /henry%20navigator.htm (554 words)

	RIO DE ORO - LoveToKnow Article on RIO DE ORO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The most northerly point claimed by Spain on the coast is Cape Bojador.
		Spains interest in the Saharan coast dates from the: t3th century, but was particularly directed to that part nearest the Canary Islands, a strip of coast over which she now exercises no sovereignty.
		To preserve the interests thus acquired, Spain in January 1885 took the territories on the coast between- capes Blanco and Bojador under her protection.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RI/RIO_DE_ORO.htm (660 words)

	BARTHOLOMEU DIAZ DE NOVAES - LoveToKnow Article on BARTHOLOMEU DIAZ DE NOVAES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Portuguese explorer, discoverer of the Cape of Good Hope, was probably a kinsman of Joao Diaz, one of the first Portuguese to round Cape Bojador (1~3~), and of Diniz Diaz, the discoverer of Cape Verde (1445).
		In 1478 a Bartholomeu Diaz, probably identical with the discoverer, was exempted from certain customary paymenis on ivory brought from the Guinea coast.
		Passing Cos farthest point near Cape Cross (in the modern German South-west Africa and) in 21 50 S., he erected a pillar on what is now known as Diaz Point, south of Angra Pequena or Lderitz Bay, in 26 38 5.; of this fragments still exist.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DI/DIAZ_DE_NOVAES_BARTHOLOMEU.htm (631 words)

	Cape Bojador -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Stretching between Cabo (cape) Bojador and the de jure Moroccan border, its area is 31,660 sq mi (82,310 sq km).
		Cape Town lies at the northern end of the Cape Peninsula about 30 miles (50 kilometers) north of the Cape of Good Hope.
		The peninsula, which is 65 miles (105 kilometers) long and from one to 20 miles (1.6 to 32 kilometers) wide, is rimmed by 400 miles (640 kilometers) of...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9080456&query=Cape&ct= (830 words)

	Era Of Prince Henry Of Portugal
		The geographical position of the country, bounded on every side by the dominions of a mightier neighbour, forbade all extension by land, and pointed to the ocean as the only field in which a comparatively small but spirited people could hope to reap a rich harvest of wealth and glory.
		Cape's rocky cliffs, stretching far out into the Atlantic scared their inexperienced commanders.
		Cape de Verd was reached in 1446, and three years later, the limits the known earth were extended as far as the islands of the same name and the Azores.
	www.sevenoceans.com /MaritimeDiscovery/EraOfPrinceHenryOfPortugal.htm (965 words)

	Other-waters.com - Henry the Navigator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Up until Henry, Cape Bojador was the most southerly European-known point on the coast of Africa.
		Cape Blanco was reached in 1441 by Nuno Tristão and Antao Gonçalves.
		The school at Sagres was responsible for several advances in the art of navigation, and the discoveries made possible by Henry provided the groundwork for the development of Portugal's colonial empire.
	www.other-waters.com /content/view/88/2 (908 words)

	vol02chap03
		Though their voyage was short, they encountered many dangers; and, before they could reach the cape, they were encountered by a heavy gale from the east, by which the billows of the Atlantic became too heavy to be resisted by their small vessel, and they were driven out to sea.
		It is perfectly obvious that they never even approached Cape Bojador in this voyage; unless we could suppose, after having been driven directly west from that cape, that they shaped a northern course, after the subsidence of the tempest, and fell in with Puerto Santo while on their return to Portugal.
		Alfonso was the first who reached the coast at Cape Branco, where he landed, and set up a wooden cross as a signal to his consorts, and then proceeded to the islands of Arguin, which afforded shelter from the tremenduous surf which breaks continually on the coast of Africa.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/kerr/vol02chap03.html (7239 words)

	European Voyages of Exploration: Africa
		In 1434 Gil Eanes, another one of the prince's squires, led the expedition that was the first to sail beyond the Cape of Bojador.
		This was a monumental accomplishment because it destroyed the fixed belief that the ocean beyond Bojador was unnavigable.
		He sailed pass the Senegal River eventually arriving at the Cape of Verde that was the western limits of the African continent.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/africa.html (1262 words)

	Prince Henry the Navigator (printable) - EnchantedLearning.com
		Thanks to Prince Henry's patronage, Portuguese ships sailed to the Madeira Islands (Joao Goncalves Zarco, 1420), rounded Cape Bojador (Eannes, 1434), sailed to Cape Blanc (Nuno Tristao, 1441), sailed around Cap Vert (1455), and went as far as the Gambia River (Cadamosto, 1456) and Cape Palmas (Gomes, 1459-1460).
		Cape Bojador is on the coast of Africa just below latitude 27° North (off the western Sahara Desert) and had frequent, violent storms and strong currents.
		In 1434, Eannes rounded Cape Bojador, and then landed on the coastal desert.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /explorers/page/h/henryprint.shtml (810 words)

	Portugal Early Voyages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		After repeated attempts, Gil Eanes finally rounded Cape Bojador on the west coast of Africa in present-day Western Sahara in 1434, a psychological, as well as physical, barrier that was thought to be the outer boundary of the knowable world.
		After passing Cape Bojador, the exploration of the coast southward proceeded very rapidly.
		In 1445 Cape Verde was rounded, and in 1456 Portuguese arrived at the coast of present-day Guinea.
	www.country-studies.com /portugal/early-voyages.html (535 words)

	European Voyages of Exploration: Lure of Trade
		Not only did Prince Henry not accompany those first ships on their exploration of Cape Bojador, he did not go on any of the successive voyages, and this has led to some spirited debate among historians about how Prince Henry's role in the exploration of Africa should be interpreted.
		Shortly after losing sight of Cape St. Vincent, they were caught in a violent gale and lost all sense of direction.
		Rather, what was important was that Gil Eanes traveled beyond Cape Bojador and returned to Portugal, eliminating in one broad stroke many of the myths and legends about the "Sea of Darkness".
	www.acs.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/henry2.html (2311 words)

	Cape Bojador -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cape Bojador -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		The Cape's name in (The Semitic language of the Arabs; spoken in a variety of dialects) Arabic is "Abu Khatar", meaning “the father of danger.”
		The region's coastal areas quickly became a very important area for the Portuguese traders, whose first delivery of African slaves to (Capital and largest city and economic and cultural center of Portugal; a major port in western Portugal on Tagus River where it broadens and empties into the Atlantic) Lisbon occurred in 1434.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/cape_bojador.htm (179 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Bartolomeu Dias
		A famous Portuguese navigator of the fifteenth century, discoverer of the Cape of Good Hope; died at sea, 29 May, 1500.
		Several Portuguese historians state that he was a relative or descendant of João Dias who sailed around Cape Bojador in 1434, and of Diniz Dias who is said to have discovered the Cape Verde Islands.
		In 1500 Dias commanded a ship in the expedition of Cabral; his vessel, however, was one of those wrecked not far from the Cape of Good Hope, which he had discovered thirteen years before.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04775b.htm (667 words)

	2. SARDINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Part of this fleet, coming from peninsular Spain, fished in the zone north of Casablanca, while the other part of the fleet, based in the Canary Islands, fished in Zone B. In 1976 the total number of vessels was forty purse seiners with an average gross tonnage of 130 and around 400 HP engines.
		In the Zone north of Cape Blanc, the number of Russian vessels operating within the framework of the Morocco-Russian fishing agreements was between 14 and 12 from 1995 to 1999 with a quota of between 200 000 tonnes and 90 000 tonnes.
		The total annual catches (tonnes) for the different fleets operating in the Northern Zone, Zone A, Zone B and Zone C in the period 1990-1999 are shown in Table 2.3.1 and the historical catches in Table 2.3.2.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/005/Y2668B/y2668b04.htm (3741 words)

	Discoverers Web: Eannes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The cape was regarded at that time as the edge of the known world, navigation along that coast being particularly difficult.
		Beyond Cape Nonn the currents strike the coast obliquely, and heavy swells from the northwest endanger passage through the straight off Cape Juby.
		Southwards towards Cape Bojador the coast takes on a desolate and inhospitable appearance, suggestive of even worse to come.
	www.win.tue.nl /~engels/discovery/eannes.html (550 words)

	Henry the Navigator
		Henry's main aim was to explore, and specifically to go south beyond Cape Bojador, just south of the Canaries, whose reefs and difficult currents had presented a psychological stopping point for previous expeditions.
		In 1448, Álvaro Fernandes reached a point 110 leagues beyond Cape Verde, and this was the farthest south reached during Prince Henry's lifetime.
		It seems likely that the Vila was built on the westerly cape at Sagres, known now as the Ponta de Sagres, within the walls of the old Moorish fort.
	www.thornr.demon.co.uk /kchrist/phenry.html (3608 words)

	Medieval Spain: Iberian Overseas Expansion
		And to say the truth this was not from cowardice or want of good will, but from the novelty of the thing and the wide-spread and ancient rumour about this Cape, that had been cherished by the mariners of Spain from generation to generation.
		And although this proved to be deceitful, yet since the hazarding of this attempt seemed to threaten the last evil of all, there was great doubt as to who would be the first to risk his life in such a venture.
		And so it appeared by the deed of this man, for he, after these words, resolved not to return to the presence of his Lord without assured tidings of that for which he was sent.
	medspains.stanford.edu /demo/iberian_expansion/bojador.html (665 words)

	Chapter 30, Web Activity Lesson Plan, Human Heritage: A World History, Glencoe, 2004
		Prince Henry's reasons for exploration were as follows: to know the country beyond Cape Bojador; to establish trade; to assess his enemies' strength in the region; to seek allies; and to spread Christianity.
		In 1434, Gil Eanes finally rounded Cape Bojador and returned to Portugal, effectively eliminating the myths of the "Sea of Darkness." His successful method was to avoid running aground by charting a wide course into the Atlantic before turning back toward Africa.
		By the time he saw land again, he was past the Cape.
	www.glencoe.com /sec/socialstudies/worldhistory/hh2004/content.php4/1331/5 (380 words)

	explorers4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Prince Henry was determined to overcome the fear surrounding Cape Bojador.
		Beyond Bojador was the unknown, feared by even the most daring skillful seafarers(sailors).
		Finally, in 1434, a Portuguese captain named Gil Eanes (zhil YA nihsh), made it past Bojador and landed on the African coast south of the cape.
	www.sbceo.k12.ca.us /~vms/carlton/explorers4.htm (1031 words)

	Explorers of Africa - EnchantedLearning.com
		On a later expedition (in 1500, with Pedro Álvares Cabral), Dias sailed near South America on the way to Africa, and spotted land at Espírito Santo in Brazil, calling it the "Land of the True Cross." Although they thought it to be an island, Dias was still among the first Europeans to see Brazil.
		Gil Eannes (15th century) was a Portuguese explorer (sailing for Prince Henry) who was the first person to sail beyond the dreaded Cape Bojador and return.
		Thanks to Prince Henry's patronage, Portuguese ships sailed to the Madeira Islands (1420), rounded Cape Bojador (Eannes, 1434), sailed to Cape Blanc (1441), sailed around Cap Vert (1455), and went as far as the Gambia River (Cadamosto, 1456) and Cape Palmas (Gomes, 1459-1460).
	www.zoomschool.com /explorers/africa.shtml (2159 words)

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