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Topic: Cape Circumcision

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	CIRP-- Circumcision News
		Circumcision protects men from AIDS but might increase risk to women, early results suggest.
		Circumcisions spark debate: Local rate four times national average: MD says doctors may be in it for the money.
		Circumcision is not the necessary procedure that many physicians think it is.
	www.cirp.org /news (1385 words)

	Between prophylaxis and child abuse: the ethics of neonatal male circumcision. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Opponents of circumcision, for instance, have noted that the incidence of penile cancer in the United States, where the vast majority of males are circumcised, is higher (0.9â“1.0 per 100,000 males) than in Denmark (0.82 per 100,000 males) where circumcision is extremely uncommon (Denniston 1999).
		Opposition to circumcision of even a consenting adult is a conceivable view, but it is not one we have heard expressed.
		Opponents of circumcision typically do not distinguish between the different forms of the disease, and when they do, they do not provide primary data to show that the more severe forms occur in equal or greater degrees in those who are neonatally circumcised.
	www.circs.org /library/benatar2/index.html (8700 words)

	Circumcision Information \| Circumcision Web-Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Circumcision death toll now at 7 - Another circumcision initiate has died in Port Shepstone, bringing the tally to seven in two weeks since the start of the mid-year initiation season.
		Circumcision rite: 6 die, 50 rescued in first week - Circumcision rite: 6 die, 50 rescued in first week All the deaths happened during the first week of the start of the circumcision period in the Eastern Cape.
		Circumcision is a minor surgical procedure that removes the foreskin hooding the end of the penis, thereby exposing its tip, the glans.
	www.circumcision-source.info /index.html (509 words)

	Eastern Cape tightens law on circumcision to stem casualties -- Sidley 323 (7321): 1090 -- BMJ
		Legislation regulating the practice of circumcision in the Eastern Cape, one of South Africa’s nine provinces, has been enacted to help stem the tide of casualties of young men who have either died or been maimed after botched circumcisions.
		It is one of the tribes in southern Africa that perform the ritual of circumcision as boys reach the age of 18 years as part of a rite admitting them to manhood.
		It also provides for the regulation of people qualified to perform the ritual and regulates the circumcision "schools." It is during several day-long retreats (schools) that the boys are taken and taught how to be men according to their traditions, and they are circumcised during that time.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/323/7321/1090/b (540 words)

	Cape Argus: Circumcision reduces HIV infection risk says study
		The Cape Argus reported last year that circumcision could offer something of an Aids "vaccine" after South African research proved that male circumcision was equivalent to a vaccine with 63% efficacy.
		Now the study of the Kenyan men, aged 18 to 24 who were circumcised in Kisumu, has identified that the density and position of HIV target cells in the foreskins of these men make them "highly susceptible" to HIV infection.
		In the light of existing evidence, they suggested, "it is plausible that circumcision reduces the risk of HIV acquisition through the penis by physically removing HIV target cells positioned close to the mucosal surface of the inner foreskin".
	www.capeargus.co.za /index.php?fSectionId=49&fArticleId=3227046 (776 words)

	Voyages and Travels Volume 15
		To the westward of the cape, about five or six miles, is an inlet, which seemed to divide the land, that is, to communicate with the sea to the south; and between this inlet and the cape is a bay, but I cannot say of what depth.
		The longitude of Cape Virgin Mary, which is the most essential point, as it determines the length of the straits of Magalhaens, is deduced from Lord Anson, who made 2° 30' difference of longitude between it and the Strait Le Maire.
		Cape Montagu bore at this time, S. 66° east; at eight it bore S. 40° east; Cape Bristol, S. by E.; the new land extending from N. 40° to 52° east; and we thought we saw land still more to the east, and beyond it.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/4/6/1/14611/14611-h/14611-h.htm (19706 words)

	Circumcision and HIV - dissenting views
		Even though large-scale male circumcision could avert a number of HIV infections, theoretical calculations and empirical evidence show that it is unlikely to have a major public health impact, apart from the fact that achieving universal male circumcision is likely to be more difficult than universal vaccination coverage or universal contraceptive use.
		If circumcision really works, that is, it is protective, it is expected that the HIV incidence rate in the circumcised group would have to be much lower than the incidence rate in the uncircumcised group after a certain period of the follow-up.
		Circumcised men who are HIV positive transmit the virus to their partners at the same rate as uncircumcised men.
	www.circumstitions.com /HIV-SA-garenne.html (4992 words)

	allAfrica.com: South Africa: Clamping Down On Botched Circumcisions (Page 1 of 2)
		In the Eastern Cape, where circumcision is a source of pride for the Xhosa ethnic group, 12 initiates have died and more than 20 illegal traditional surgeons have been arrested in the last month.
		Male circumcision is in the spotlight, now more than ever: in March 2007, the World Health Organisation and UNAIDS issued recommendations, giving a green light for the use of male circumcision for HIV prevention, after study findings showed that it could reduce the risk of infection.
		The Eastern Cape government, mindful of the significance attached to traditional circumcision, has chosen a more "realistic" approach, advocating the "application of health standards in a traditional setting." According to Dweba, "a clinical [approach] is scorned by many of our people; it's not something we can consider".
	allafrica.com /stories/200708010639.html (682 words)

	PlusNews Global \| West Africa \| Cape Verde \| CAPE VERDE: Tourism boom carries hidden cost of increasing HIV \| ...
		When Cape Verde, a cluster of 10 islands and five islets with a population of less than half a million, gained independence from Portugal in 1975, many questioned the country's economic viability without the colonial power, but over time it has prospered.
		Although Cape Verde's capital city, Praia, is situated on Santiago Island, Sal is the wealthiest island - unemployment is at 12 percent compared to the national average of around 24 percent - with a relatively low rate of poverty.
		Cape Verdians as well as foreigners are lured to Sal by the promise of work and business opportunities, prompting annual population growth estimated by local officials at 6.7 percent, against a 1.5 percent natural increase.
	www.plusnews.org /Report.aspx?ReportId=72027 (897 words)

	Ancient Practice of Tribal Circumcision Divides South Africa
		The question is how to regulate practices such as tribal circumcision without alienating the majority of Xhosas, including most city-dwellers, for whom it is an incontrovertible rite of passage.
		It was when the sixteenth teenager arrived in her ward late last year with gangrenous wounds from a botched circumcision that she decided enough was enough.
		They are the preserve of the young men who for up to a month after being circumcised daub their faces white, wear blankets, and live off a spartan diet.
	www.noharmm.org /mandela.htm (818 words)

	CulturedMed ™
		Female circumcision: The prevalence and nature of the ritual in Eritrea.
		The decline of female circumcision in Egypt: Evidence and interpretation.
		Most of the women have been circumcised and I am concerned as there are several little girls approaching the age of circumcision.
	culturedmed.sunyit.edu /bib/Femalecircumcision (1815 words)

	The Intactivism Pages
		The circumcised group was told to abstain from sex for six weeks, or use condoms.
		In Finland, where the home circumcisions of six African boys was botched, a working party has recommended that it be at parental discretion and public expense, but doctors refuse to co-operate.
		Circumcision is sometimes committed contrary to the parents's wishes.
	www.circumstitions.com (2852 words)

	Law to Regulate Circumcision Passes
		It calls for irresponsible Iingcibi and amakhankatha (traditional surgeons and nurses) to be fined R10 000 or imprisoned up to ten years for contravening the Act.
		Mamase said the Act would ensure that initiates were only circumcised after with parents or gurdians had given' permission and initiates had to be 18 or older.
		DA Leader Athol Trollip said the issue of "fly-by-night" traditional surgeons" who cashed-in on circumcisions should be dealt with.
	www.cirp.org /news/eastcapenews10-25-01 (291 words)

	The Herald : News for the Eastern Cape
		Cape Town — There was just the hint of a tear in the eye of Rian Oberholzer when he gave his reasons for cutting all ties with the game yesterday....
		AN alleged perlemoen poacher, who was arrested in connection with a large haul of perlemoen confiscated at a Greenbushes farm, was released on R15 000 bail by the Port Elizabeth magistrate’s court yesterday....
		Cape Town — A former Mr Clifton and the man who plays Ben in the Anant Singh and Franz Marx SABC 2 production The Res appeared for the third time yesterday in the Cape Town magistrate’s court on a charge of theft....
	www.theherald.co.za /herald/2003/12/05 (794 words)

	Eastern Cape Provincial Government of the Republic of South Africa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He said another five traditional surgeons were still being sought by the police in connection with illegal circumcisions in different parts of the province.
		Fourteen surgeons had already been arrested, including one who allegedly circumcised 28 boys in the Libode area with one unsterilised knife.
		In particular, the Province of the Eastern Cape does not represent or warrant that the information provided on this Web Site is accurate, complete or current.
	www.ecprov.gov.za /news_article.asp?id=102 (360 words)

	News Circumcision Child Health Health
		Circumcision can avert millions of AIDS deaths, say researchersBlack Britain, UK - 9 hours agoThe routine adoption of male circumcision throughout Africa could prevent up to 5.7 million HIV infections by 2026 it has been claimed.
		CIRCUMCISION CEREMONY SET FOR AUGUSTUpdate Travel News, Uganda - 1 hour agoThe event that has been scheduled for August 11 will take place in Mutoto Cultural Centre.
		Circumcision could avert millions of Aids deathsMail & Guardian Online, South Africa - Jul 17, 2006The widespread adoption of male circumcision throughout Africa could avert up to 5,7-million HIV infections by 2026.
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Health/Child_Health/Circumcision/News (352 words)

	South African News Headlines - AngloINFO Riviera Newsroom
		Cape Town - Simon's Town magistrate's court has declared a security guard unfit to own any animals, or to have any under his control for six months after he left his two Alsatians to die.
		July 20, 2006 By Anel Powell A chemistry professor was bludgeoned on the head while working in his University of Cape Town office yesterday afternoon, in the second such attack on the campus in as...
		Cape Town Democratic Alliance councillor Sheval Arendse on Wednesday distanced himself from his wife Pamela's behaviour after she pleaded guilty to illegally claiming a child grant.
	riviera.angloinfo.com /news?ID=8&Cat=0 (3213 words)

	HIV-Aids - Circumcision no replacement for a condom
		Male circumcision is increasingly popular in Swaziland after a South African study showed the practice may prevent HIV infection, Reuters reported.
		Last year a first ever controlled study found circumcised men were around 60 percent less likely to contract the HI virus.
		Khumal's fears were not unfounded, as the study also noted that circumcised men registered a slightly higher level of sexual behaviour immediately after the operation.
	www.iolhivaids.co.za /index.php?fArticleId=3130615 (213 words)

	Cape Times: Sixth initiate dies after botched circumcision
		Police were on their way to fetch the body from an initiation school deep in the countryside, provincial health spokesman Sizwe Kupelo said yesterday.
		Kupelo said the boys stole chickens from villages to pay the "surgeons" at initiation schools, where they queued to be circumcised.
		They moved down the queue and, using a spear or a knife, circumcised the first boy to the last without sterilising or washing the instrument.
	www.capetimes.co.za /index.php?fSectionId=271&fArticleId=3310268 (339 words)

	Keyword (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Eastern Cape circumcision death toll rises to 22 Boys undergoing initiation rites January 05, 2006, 22:15 The death toll of the circumcision season in the Eastern Cape has risen to 22, with the news that a would-be initiate has hanged himself at Bholothwa in the Queenstown area.
		The circumcised men were 65 percent less likely to become infected with the deadly and incurable virus, the researchers told the International AIDS Society Conference in Rio de Janeiro.
		Circumcision is a rite of passage for young Muslim boys, and in Malaysia it is common for the ceremony to become an event with dozens, or even hundreds of boys being circumcised together.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/keyword?k=CIRCUMCISION (5334 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| sa news E Cape circumcision death toll rises
		The circumcision death toll in the Eastern Cape has risen to 16 with the death of another would-be initiate, the province's health department announced on Thursday.
		Majeke said department authorities were on their way to Mooiplaas to conduct an "outreach" programme to educate the community about correct circumcision procedures.
		Seventeen unlicensed surgeons have already been arrested in the province this winter circumcision season.They face a variety of charges, including murder and unlawful circumcision.
	iafrica.com /news/sa/660031.htm (251 words)

	james cook
		He was instructed to travel south to find Bouvet's Cape Circumcision and determine whether or not it was part of the imagined continent.
		Cape Circumcision was not to be found where reported and since he was well south of Kerguelen's discovery Cook determined that Kerguelen's La France Australe could not be part of a southern continent either.
		A leaking Resolution arrived in Cape Town on October 18 with the Discovery arriving on the 10th of November.
	members.cox.net /fbsi/jamescook.html (1677 words)

	E Cape: 10 circumcision deaths: South Africa: News: News24
		Cape Town - Ten boys have died of dehydration and septic wounds in the Eastern Cape since the beginning of the summer circumcision season, the province's health department said on Wednesday.
		Fifteen people had been arrested for conducting circumcisions or running schools in contravention of the province's circumcision legislation, which sets strict rules for the ceremony.
		Male circumcision - the cutting off the foreskin - is widely practised in Xhosa society as part of a ritual that proponents say makes "men" of boys.
	www.news24.com /News24/South_Africa/News/0,,2-7-1442_1850900,00.html (208 words)

	Star
		Cape Town journalist Hazel Friedman never met Majalaza, but after hearing of the tragedy and speaking to his friends and family, she wanted to tell not only his story, but also those of the many other young men whose lives have been snuffed out at illegal initiation schools.
		She said her goal was not to tarnish a tradition, but to raise awareness of abuse by unscrupulous people, who took short cuts for financial gain and put young lives at risk.
		Friedman had overwhelming support from Majalaza's friends as well as senior officials in the provincial governments of the Western and Eastern Cape who believed it was important to expose what they believe are "untraditional" abuses occurring during initiation.
	www.thestar.co.za /?fSectionId=&fArticleId=vn20080503084318179C644986 (471 words)

	afrol News - South Africa: Clamp down on botched circumcisions
		According to his superior, Matron Ndandane, last year's winter circumcision season led to 32 admissions: 29 young men developed septicaemia after "going to the bush", while the other three were epileptic and mentally challenged and came to be circumcised in the hospital.
		The laws are there, the financial resources are trickling in, and so are the staff members required to oversee traditional circumcision; but every year the authorities in the Eastern Cape report deaths and serious complications from botched traditional circumcisions.
		Young boys are running away from home to be circumcised by illegal surgeons who do not demand consent forms signed by officials and parents; some underage boys and their parents lie, telling surgeons the youngsters are 18.
	www.afrol.com /articles/26298 (1509 words)

	News
		The winter in the Eastern Cape is dry and windy (komile, kuvuthuza umoya).
		This is done symbolically to wash away all uncleanness, but on a more practical level it also serves to contract the blood vessels in their foreskins to prevent too much bleeding.
		The circumcision operation is performed in the lodge (traditionally with an assegai) and the wound is dressed with a medicinal leaf.
	www.africanvoices.co.za /newsletters/july99.htm (709 words)

	The Citizen: First Eastern Cape circumcision death reported
		CAPE TOWN – The first death was reported in the Eastern Cape’s summer circumcision season on Wednesday.
		One was a youth aged 20, himself circumcised only months ago, who continued circumcising boys even while he was being hunted by police.
		Originally sought in connection with the circumcision of seven under-age boys, he confessed on his arrest to 10 more.
	www.citizen.co.za /index/article.aspx?pDesc=28352,1,22 (642 words)

	iafrica.com \| news \| sa news Circumcision death toll rises
		The number of winter circumcision season fatalities in the Eastern Cape has risen to six with the death of a 15-year-old boy in Transkei, provincial health department spokesperson Sizwe Kupelo said on Monday.
		The traditional surgeon at the school, as well as the traditional nurse, would be arrested and charged under the province's circumcision laws.
		Kupelo said that in addition to the school itself being unregistered, the youth was well below the 18-year minimum the law set for circumcision.
	iafrica.com /news/sa/173016.htm (344 words)

	IOL: Cops hunt Eastern Cape circumcision man
		Eastern Cape police have renewed the hunt for a traditional surgeon nicknamed "Mtshayina" after he illegally circumcised 12 under-age boys in Transkei two weeks ago.
		He said about six youths circumcised by "Mtshayina" had died of complications related to the operation in the last three years.
		All 12 of the boys were 13 or 14 years old, well under the minimum of 18 laid down by the province's circumcision legislation.
	www.iol.co.za /index.php?set_id=1&click_id=15&art_id=nw20070309122014761C349886 (646 words)

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