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Topic: Cape Gelidonya

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	Cape Gelidonya
		The cape marks the western extremity of the Bay of Antalya.
		Running south from the cape is a string of five small islands, the Chelidoniae of antiquity, called Celidoni by Italian sailors, and later, Selidonlar by the Turks, but today known simply as Besadalar (Five Islands).
		The discovery in 1994 of the Cape Gelidonya ship's Syro-Canaanite or Cypriot stone anchor bolstered my contention that the ship was of Near Eastern origin.
	ina.tamu.edu /capegelidonya.htm (1138 words)

	The Copper Oxhide and Bun Ingots from Uluburun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Of the 354 complete copper oxhide ingots and 121 bun ingots found on the Uluburun wreck, 81 were cleaned, drawn, recorded, and examined between June and November of 1995, bringing the total that have been studied to date to 180.
		Particular attention was devoted to the modification of the oxhide ingot typology first established by H. Buchholz, and later modified by G.F. Bass in his study of the 34 examples from the Cape Gelidonya shipwreck.
		Lead-isotope analyses are being conducted by Noel Gale and Sophie Stos-Gale of Oxford University Isotrace Laboratory on 80 copper ingots recovered from the Uluburun shipwreck, and 45 ingots from the Cape Gelidonya shipwreck.
	www.diveturkey.com /inaturkey/uluburun/ingots.htm (1292 words)

	Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia - - Cape Gelidonya wreck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A row of five rocky, uninhabited islands extends south from the cape and the remains of the ship lie between the two islands closest to the mainland.
		The Gelidonya ship was the first wreck to be excavated in its entirety on the seabed following archaeological techniques adapted to an underwater site.
		Bass, "Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck"; "Return to Cape Gelidonya." Throckmorton, ed.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/ships/html/sh_016900_capegelidony.htm (515 words)

	Cape Girardeau - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Cape Girardeau
		City in Cape Girardeau County, southeastern Missouri, USA, on bluffs overlooking the Mississippi River, 160 km/100 mi southeast of St Louis; population (1990) 34,400.
		Trail of Tears State Park is to the north.
		Cape Girardeau, MO, USA - Municipal Airport (Airport Code)
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Cape+Girardeau (182 words)

	Aspects of Mycenaean Trade
		Very little of the ship itself was preserved because of the rocky bottom on which it settled and the strong currents in the area which prevented the wood of the ship from being covered in the marine silts necessary for the preservation of ship timbers in submarine environments.
		The ingots from the Cape Gelidonya and Ulu Burun wrecks are (almost?) without exception cast from Cypriote ores, as are all the LM III ingot fragments from the Minoan harbor site of Kommos.
		The tin from this wreck is significant in a larger sense as the earliest known, purely industrial tin after that recently found in much greater quantities and in the form of oxhide ingots of metallic tin at the Ulu Burun wreck, which dates some 100-150 years earlier.
	projects.dartmouth.edu /history/bronze_age/lessons/les/22.html (3872 words)

	HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE SHIP - LECTURE NOTES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The wreck was situated at Cape Gelidonya on the Anatolian coast opposite to Cyprus lying in approximately 100 feet of water.
		The identity of the Gelidonya ship remains uncertain but its cargo suggests that it was loaded with copper in Cyprus and the personal possessions of the crew point towards the Levantine coast, suggesting that the ship was Syrian or Phoenician engaged in trading round the Eastern Mediterranean in copper and scrap bronze.
		The Gelidonya wreck is more valuable for its cargo, which reveals something of late 2nd millenium trading patterns, than for an understanding of the design and structure of the hull itself because the evidence of the timbers does little more than confirm the early use of mortise and dowelling later described in Homer and Herodotus.
	cma.soton.ac.uk /HistShip/shlect20.htm (795 words)

	Uluburun Shipwreck - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Anchors of the single-hole Ulu Burun type are frequent on the Levantine coast, for example in Tell Abu Hawam, Ugarit and Byblos.
		Others of similar type have been found at the Cape Gelidonya shipwreck and in Kition on Cyprus.
		The ship has been dated by dendrochronology to 1316-1305 BC, that is, the late Bronze Age.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Uluburun (638 words)

	Bodrum museum - the ship wreck of Uluburun
		Of the 354 complete copper oxhide ingots and 121 bun ingots found on the Uluburun wreck, 81 were cleaned, drawn, recorded, and examined between June and November of 1995, bringing the total that have been studied to date to 180.
		Particular attention was devoted to the modification of the oxhide ingot typology first established by H. Buchholz, and later modified by G.F. Bass in his study of the 34 examples from the Cape Gelidonya shipwreck.
		Samples for lead-isotope studies were also taken from 71 other bronze and copper objects from Cape Gelidonya, and 14 tin ingots from Uluburun.
	www.bodrumpages.com /English/uluburun.html (1142 words)

	Athena Review, 3,4: Searching for Prehistoric Aegean Harbors
		Because the number of subsidence events and their provisional chronology are known (albeit imperfectly) through the geomorphological studies, it is possible to restore the coastline as it existed in the prehistoric period.
		The Early Helladic fortifications at Vayia and the architectural complex at Cape Trelli are manifestations of specific time periods - Early Helladic II and Late Helladic III - that witnessed the emergence of complex societies characterized by frequent regional and interregional interaction by sea and land.
		The discovery of the harbors at Vayia and Cape Trelli, as well as smaller coves that may have been used as harbors, holds important implications for understanding the use of coastlines in the Aegean and elsewhere.
	www.athenapub.com /12aegean.htm (6664 words)

	The Missing Swage Block : SwageBlocks.com
		We know from the Bronze Age Cape Gelidonya block that swage blocks have been in existence for over 3200 years.
		The Cape Gelidonya block is perhaps a typical small anvil of the period.
		The block was generally not a separate tool and when it appears as in the Cape Gelidonya block it is actually a simplified anvil of the time.
	www.swageblocks.com /missing_swage_blocks.htm (1715 words)

	Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Culture - Bronze Age Shipwrecks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		On the left side of this room are artifacts gathered by the first scientific shipwreck excavation in the world, at Cape Gelidonya.
		By following the land, we are heading for Cape Gelidonya on the Anatolian shore, watching the west current and the wind.
		The hull spilled out its cargo and floated away." The cargo remained in the sand on the bottom of the sea at a depth of 33 meters until it was excavated by the Institute of Nautical Archaeology.
	www.kultur.gov.tr /portal/default_en.asp?belgeno=716 (1075 words)

	Johns Hopkins Magazine -- April 1997
		At Cape Gelidonya in 1960, Bass first demonstrated the archaeologists could excavate a shipwreck with the same scientific rigor as their counterparts working on land.
		The year before, a Turkish sponge diver named Kemal Aras had discovered a concentration of metal that indicated a shipwreck, on the sea bottom near Cape Gelidonya on the Turkish coast.
		If, as he strongly believes, the Gelidonya and Uluburun wrecks prove that Phoenician seafarers plied the Mediterranean in the Bronze Age, then there's no longer a discontinuity between Homer's accounts of 12th-century B.C.E. Greek heroes and his references to Phoenician sailors.
	www.jhu.edu /~jhumag/0497web/bass.html (4360 words)

	Cape Gelidonya Wreck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Cape Gelidonya is the first archeological excavation conducted at the sea bed by a diving archeologist using land methods.
		The main reason that Homer's Odyssey has been commonly dated to the eighth century BC by modern classicists is his frequent mention of Phoenician sailors and bronze-smiths.
		Cape Gelidonya wreck suggested that Homer's Phoenicians in the Late Bronze Age of the Trojan War are not a historical mistake.
	www.karakorsan.net /shipwrecks/capegelidonya/capegel.htm (313 words)

	The Laeotropic Aspect: NF: Tin
		Two shipwrecks, the Cape Gelidonya and the Ulu Burun, have evidence of tin on board, as well as copper.
		The 1150 (BCE) Cape Gelidonya wreck, as reported initially by Bass, included evidence of tin probably in ingots stored with copper ingots; time and reaction to the copper have corroded the tin down to mostly oxide again, although it may have been shipped as casserite pellets.
		Bass advances the idea that between the tools and weights on board, the crew of the Gelidonya wreck may have been 'tinkers', who would carry copper and tin to make repairs to bronze.
	www.cobaltnine.net /cobalt/tin.htm (1128 words)

	MuhlyJ_4_3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Cape Gelidonya Shipwreck and the Bronze Age Metals Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean
		Controversy has surrounded the identification of the home port of the ship wrecked off Cape Gelidonya, Turkey.
		In an attempt to contribute further information pertinent to the solution of this problem, samples for metallurgical study were taken from eight of the copper ingots that were carried on the ship: four oxhide-shaped, two plano-convex, and two slab-shaped.
	www.bu.edu /jfa/Abstracts/M/MuhlyJ_4_3.html (187 words)

	The University of Tulsa >> News/Events/Publications
		Bass says the excavations off the Turkish coast, at Cape Gelidonya and Uluburun, have rewritten much of Bronze Age history "by providing new insights into subjects as varied as Homeric studies and Egyptology, and the histories of literacy, metallurgy, glass, religion, art, music, weaponry, seafaring, trade and international relations at the time of King Tut."
		The excavation at Cape Gelidonya, the first time an ancient shipwreck was excavated in its entirety on the seabed, was in 1960, but return visits in the 1980s and 1990s revealed important new finds.
		The Uluburun wreck was excavated between 1984 and 1994, but a large, full-time staff is still working on it, conserving, drawing and cataloging the 20 tons of artifacts.
	www.utulsa.edu /news/article.asp?Key=849 (353 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Cyprus (Prehistory)
		Ugaritic texts from Ras Shamra and Enkomi mention Ya, the Assyrian name of Cyprus, that thus seems to have been in use already in the late Bronze Age.
		Oxhide-shaped copper ingots from shipwrecks like Ulu Burun, Iria and Cape Gelidonya attest to the widespread metal trade.
		Weights in the shape of animals found in Enkomi and Kalavasos follow the Syro-Palestinian, Mesopotamian, Hittite and Aegean standards and thus attest to the wide ranging trade as well.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Cyprus_(Prehistory) (1710 words)

	CAPE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Search the CAPE Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Search the CAPE Family Resource Center at RootsWeb.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named CAPE at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/C/CAPE.htm (98 words)

	The Art of Computational Science home page
		The globular cluster M80 was photographed by the Hubble Space Telescope.
		The toolbox picture comes from a bronze age shipwreck excavation at Cape Gelidonya by the Institute of Nautical Archaeology.
		The picture of the three stars in a figure 8 orbit was designed by Maryleen Schiltkamp (2001).
	www.artcompsci.org (959 words)

	CC 304c Unit VI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck, TAPA (Philadelphia, 1967) (PCL Reserves).
		Bass, G. "Cape Gelidonya and Bronze Afe Maritime Trade," Orient and Occident: Essays presented to Cyrus H. Gordon, (1973) 29-38.
		Muhly, J.D., T.S. Wheeler, R. Maddin, "The Cape Gelidonya Shipwreck and the Bronze Age Metals Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean," JFA 4 (1970) 353-362.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/cc304c2/unit6.html (184 words)

	Cape Gelidonya Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Looking For cape gelidonya - Find cape gelidonya and more at Lycos Search.
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	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Cape_Gelidonya (154 words)

	032 GELIDONYA SHIP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Bass G.F., 1961, The Cape Gelidonya wreck: preliminary report.
		Linder E., 1972, A Seafaring Merchant Smith from Ugarit under the Cape Gelidonya Wreck.
		Muhly J.D. #et al#., 1977, The Cape Gelidonya shipwreck and the Bronze Age metals trade in the Eastern Med.
	cma.soton.ac.uk /histship/flrf032.htm (162 words)

	Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia - - Chronologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Battle of Cape St. Vincent: British fleet under Rodney breaks Spanish blockade of Gibraltar.
		Action off Cape Ortegal: British capture 4 French ships of the line; French and Spanish ships captured or sunk at Trafalgar and in related actions total 22 of 33.
		Battle of North Cape: Scharnhorst sunk by HMS Duke of York.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/ships/html/sh_000108_chronologies.htm (5827 words)

	Analysis of the Weight Assemblages from the Late Bronze Age Shipwrecks at Uluburun and Cape Gelidonya, Turkey
		The assemblages of pan-balance weights recovered from the excavations of Cape Gelidonya and Uluburun shipwrecks, in southern Turkey, comprise the largest and most complete collection of Late Bronze Age pan0balance weights recovered from single archaeological sites.
		Furthermore, by being able to compare the two diachronic assemblages, separated in time from each other by about a century, we are able to assess whether the weight standards were subject to a gradual change or debasement of value over time.
		Combining diverse information obtained from other archaeological excavations with data obtained from the excavations at Uluburun and Cape Gelidonya, we are able to make observations about local and long-distance trade and commercial patterns in the Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean.
	anthropology.tamu.edu /abstracts/dissertations/pulak_d.htm (230 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Treasures of the Sponge Divers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Peter Throckmorton pricked up his ears when Turkish sponge diver Kemal Aras described the slabs of corroded copper he had found on the seabed off Cape Gelidonya in southern Turkey.
		A year passed before Throckmorton, then working as a guide on a diving expedition, was able to find his own way to Cape Gelidonya to search for the site Aras had described.
		After many hardships and frustrations, he achieved his objectives: For the first time ever, a submerged shipwreck was methodically excavated in its entirety.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/199303/treasures.of.the.sponge.divers.htm (2806 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Last Port of Call (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The chance find of a Bronze Age shipwreck off Cape Gelidonya by Bodrum sponge diver Kemal Aras brought American archeologist George Bass and his team to Turkey in 1960, where, over the years, they largely invented the science of marine archeology.
		The castle was unused, and journalist and diver Peter Throckmorton had already created a display, on the floor of its Italian Tower, of a selection of amphoras and broken pottery he had collected.
		An old "hard-hat" sponge diver's outfit was placed in a courtyard to honor Kemal Aras, the diver who found the Cape Gelidonya wreck.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/199803/the.last.port.of.call.htm (1344 words)

	1839
		1960: George Bass excavates the Bronze Age wreck at Cape Gelidonya.
		According to world renown nautical archaeologist, Jon Adams, Director, Centre for Maritime Archaeology Graduate program coordinator at the University of Southampton "Before Gelidonya archaeologists were content to accompany teams of divers who had little if any archaeological training, or sit on the surface while the 'real' divers did the work.
		They also mistakenly assumed that archaeology under water was obviously going to be very difficult and that standards would therefore be lower.
	library.thinkquest.org /27423/timeline.htm (1042 words)

	History and Historical Place of Bodrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the Gothic chapel in the courtyard, findings from the Bronze Age are exhibited, dating back 3000 - 2000 years, discovered in this region of objects and weapons from the Mycenaen time found by excavation in the necropolis near Bodrum - Ortakent.
		In the section to the right of the chapel are exhibited in their original position the environs of the Gelidonya Wreck, which had loaded copper ignots, dating back to 1200 B.C. and which was discovered by underwater excavations off-shore the Cape Gelidonya, under direction of Prof.Dr. George Bass in 1960.
		In the south of the chapel, adjoining the castle wall a Turkish Bath an old building where the bathing tradition is shown in details.
	www.discoverbodrum.com /Eng/history.html (971 words)

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