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Topic: Cape datum

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	Cape Datum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cape Datum is based on the Clarke 1880 ellipsoid and has its origin point at Buffelsfontein near Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
		The Cape Datum is based on the work of HM Astronomers Sir Thomas Maclear, between 1833 and 1870, and Sir David Gill, between 1879 and 1907, whose initial objectives were to verify the size and shape of the Earth in the Southern Hemisphere and later to provide geodetic control for topographic maps and navigation charts.
		From these beginnings, this initial network was extended to eventually cover the entire country and now comprises approximately 29,000 highly visible trigonometrical beacons on mountains, high buildings and water towers as well as approximately 20,000 easily accessible town survey marks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cape_datum (209 words)

	A Dorset Palaeoeskimo Dwelling in Cape Ray, NF - Fogt
		Cape Ray is located on the southwest coast of Newfoundland about 10 kilometres west of Port aux Basques, one of the two gateways into the island.
		Finding her datum point would be ideal, but we soon realized that the maps which were provided to us by Linnamae were difficult to interpret.
		Eventually, I was able to pinpoint the area where her datum point could be found from comparisons between an aerial photograph taken in the early 1990s, and her survey and excavation map.
	www.nfmuseum.com /9617Fo.htm (4866 words)

	The Interior of Africa
		The description of the coast to the north of Cape Palmas is hopelessly distorted, because Ptolemy confused the Islands of Cape Verde with the Canary Islands.
		Apparently he had an accurate datum for the latitude of Cape Verde, but he had to guess the latitude of the Palsum and Baba City, which he knew were to the south of it.
		Cape St. John is at 0°58’E. The difference of about 8° is caused by the confusion of the Canary Islands with the Islands of Cape Verde.
	www.metrum.org /mapping/interior.htm (2902 words)

	World Geodetic System 1984
		This Datum was referenced to the Modified Clarke 1880 ellipsoid and had its origin point at Buffelsfontein, near Port Elizabeth.
		The Cape Datum was based on the work of HM Astronomers: Sir Thomas Maclear, (1833 - 1870), and Sir David Gill, (1879 - 1907), whose initial geodetic objectives were to verify the size and shape of the Earth in the Southern Hemisphere and later to provide geodetic control for topographic maps and navigation charts.
		Although the advantages of adopting a new horizontal datum are evident, many users have huge geographically referenced datasets based on the Cape Datum and need to transform these to the new datum.
	w3sli.wcape.gov.za /Surveys/Mapping/wgs84.htm (2072 words)

	zak
		Thus, the Cape Datum defined by the parameters of the Modified Clarke 1880 ellipsoid and the initial point of the datum, Buffelsfontein, became the origin of the geodetic survey in South Africa, hence, also the origin of the Arc of the 30th Meridian.
		It is thus an extension of the Cape Datum along a chain of triangulation from Buffelsfontein along the 30th meridian.
		The 1950 ARC Datum established a uniform framework of triangulation from the Cape to the Equator.
	home.global.co.za /~viking/Geocache/zak.htm (14662 words)

	Drakensberg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While the major summits have all been conquered, a number of minor pinnacles have yet to be ascended.
		Navigation on long hikes is often aided by GPS receivers, and current maps distributed by KZN (KwaZulu-Natal) Wildlife uses the Cape datum as the geodesic reference.
		GPS users should be careful to use the correct datum as WGS 84 is not always the default.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Drakensberg (530 words)

	Chart Datum - South Africa
		In fact, the 2002 predictions were calculated as per the new chart datum as well as published in hard copy in the official South African Tide Tables guide.
		Unfortunately however, it was omitted to make mention of the fact that the chart datum had changed with the result that a reader would be under the impression that the Tidal Chart Datum for 2002 would be the same as the datum which had been applicable since 1998.
		However if you were a fastidious scientist working in the intertidal zones of the Eastern Cape you could have been looking for 30cm of water which had gone missing.
	www.satides.co.za /chartDatum.html (581 words)

	Standard Data Changes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Cape datum, which is used in South Africa, had the wrong ellipsoid.
		These are vertical reference datum, which are datums generally set by countries or groups of countries based on a network of observations and calculations; and the geoid, which is an approximation of sea level.
		The final type of vertical datum is a local vertical datum, which is a local value, and represents a local reference point that a surveyor has established for his references.
	posc.org /Epicentre.2_2/DataModel/LogicalDictionary/StandardValues/changes.html (4556 words)

	Hunting - Glossary - Discover The Outdoors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Literally means "between the capes"; U.S. Maritime Cabotage Laws include 31 separate enactments governing the transportation of cargo and passengers between any two points in the United States, its territories and possessions, and all dredging, towing, salvage and other marine operations and fishing in U.S. waters.
		The datum to which soundings on a chart are referred.
		Since 1989, chart datum has been implemented to mean lower low water for all marine waters of the United States, its territories, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
	www.dto.com /hunting/glossary/index.jsp?startwith=c (4530 words)

	GPSFrodo's Track File - GPS
		A map datum is a reference surface which is defined mathematically and approximates the shape of the earth in particular areas.
		A particular map datum is physically represented by a group of surface based trigonometric stations, whose positions have been accurately measured and is used to determine the reference surface (or map datum)
		In South Africa, most maps use the CAPE datum (based on the modified Clarke 1880 ellipsoid), (not to be confused with the CAPE CANAVERAL map datum).
	gpsfrodo.50megs.com /GPS.html (3665 words)

	History of geodetic surveying in South Africa
		northwards from Cape Town, to determine the figure of the earth and obtained a result which indicated that the curvature of the earth was less at southern latitudes than at corresponding northern ones.
		The Cape coastal triangulation of Captain Bailey and Henry Fourcade was a chain of triangles tied to the southern end of Maclear’s arc extending eastwards from Cape Town to the then Kei River frontier of the Cape Colony.
		The Hartebeesthoek94 Datum enables South Africa to retain its status of possessing one of the most up to date and advanced integrated survey reference systems in the world, which affords its users the freedom to integrate their geo-spatial data in the world arena.
	w3sli.wcape.gov.za /SURVEYS/MAPPING/svyhist.htm (2429 words)

	GPS Waypoints World Geodetic System 1984
		This Datum is based on the Clarke 1880 ellipsoid and has its origin point at Buffelsfontein near Port Elizabeth.
		An ExampleTransforming a co-ordinate (on Lo19°,) from Cape Datum to the Hartebeesthoek94 Datum using predetermined parameters.
		An ExampleTransforming a co-ordinate (on Lo27°,) from the Cape Datum to the Hartebeesthoek94 Datum using predetermined parameters.
	www.gpswaypoints.co.za /FAQ_world_geodetic_system_1984.htm (1511 words)

	DatumMate
		This datum was based on the Clarke 1880 ellipsoid and had it's origin point at Buffelsfontein near Port Elizabeth.
		The Cape datum was based on the work of Sir Thomas Maclear and Sir David Gill between 1833 and 1907.
		Transform a Cape Datum, Lo system co-ordinate based on the Lo29 central meridian to the Hartebeesthoek94 Datum, giving the output in UTM co-ordinates using the Lo27 meridian.
	www.technocad.co.za /d-mate.htm (1108 words)

	Spatial News MI-L Botswana map projection help Archives
		Origin Point for the Datum is at Buffelsfontein, near
		>the Cape datum itself as being used by MapInfo.
		>CAPE datum is supposed to be based on a Clarke 1880 MODIFIED ellipsoid.
	spatialnews.geocomm.com /community/lists/viewmessage.phtml?id=7339 (368 words)

	World Datums
		Users are advised to not use this generic vertical datum but to define specific instances of msl based on knowledge of these components; for instance 'msl at xxx during 19yy'.
		The 12th parallel traverse of 1966-70 (Point 58 datum, code 6620) is connected to the Adindan network in western Sudan.
		Differences from the 1965 adjustment (datum code 6299) are: average difference in Eastings 0.092m; average difference in Northings 0.108m; maximum vector difference 0.548m.
	www.deformedweb.co.uk /trigs/datums.cgi?rows=1&cols= (5733 words)

	Cape Verde Bird Report: 1st Nov
		Some sightings of the Canaries to Cape Verde crossing are mentioned at the end.
		As a country guide I had only the Cape Verde section of Lonely Planet’s West Africa guide, but there is a more detailed Bradt guide to Cape Verde.
		Whilst I was in the area, one tourist died after being bitten by a shark whilst diving from a charter boat at Branco Island, but swimming is safe at the beaches.
	www.camacdonald.com /birding/africacapeverdeTripReport.htm (1800 words)

	The Persepolis Chart
		They knew that the data handed down to them by their Oriental predecessors were so superior to theirs that they never questioned them even when there occurred in them mechanical errors of transmission.
		In my opinion Cape Sunion, the extreme promontory of Attica, was an anchor point of the Persepolis Chart which draws a line between two sheets at 24°02’E. Usually Greek geographers place this point at the latitude of the extreme SE limit of the Peloponnese and place both locations at the latitude of Rhodes.
		Strabo dared only to say that Cape Sunion is “not much farther to the north than Cape Malea.” Possibly the Persepolis Chart marked along the parallel 36° that was its northern limit, the longitude positions of Cape Sunion and Cape Malea.
	www.metrum.org /mapping/persepolis.htm (1850 words)

	Published Bench Mark Sheet for 8654400 CAPE HATTERAS FISHING PIER NORTH CAROLINA
		The datum point is at ground level, being the top of a stainless steel rod driven 18.3 m (60 ft) to refusal and encased in a sleeve and 5-inch logo cap.
		NAVD 88 is a fixed datum derived from a simultaneous, least squares, minimum constraint adjustment of Canadian/Mexican/United States leveling observations.
		The NAVD 88 elevation relationship shown in the table is derived from an average of several bench mark elevations relative to tide station datum.
	tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov /benchmarks/8654400.html (645 words)

	OFR 84-719
		The sole source of freshwater for Cape Cod, Massachusetts, is a water-table aquifer in glacial sand and gravel that is surrounded by sea water (fig.
		Water levels are recorded in feet below land-surface datum (land-surface datum is a horizontal datum plane that is approximately at land surface at each well site).
		To convert the water levels from depth below land-surface datum to water-level elevation above sea level, subtract the water level, in feet below land-surface datum, from the land-surface datum elevation.
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/1984/ofr84719 (579 words)

	USIGS Definitions and Descriptions - C
		This special datum is defined with its origin at station Central on the John F. Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida, with azimuth to Central SE Base.
		Datum differences for other points may be determined by subtracting North American datum of 1927 values from the Cape Canaveral datum values as established by the USCandGS transcontinental traverse of the United States.
		Although a generic term that includes plane coordinates and local cartesian coordinates the term normally means (X,Y,Z) in a geocentric cartesian datum when used in a 3-dimensional context without the word "local".
	www.fas.org /irp/agency/nima/nug/gloss_c.html (9733 words)

	USIGS Definitions and Descriptions - D
		Where the concept is geometric, the plural form is "datums" in contrast to the normal plural "data." 2.
		The classical datum is defined by five elements giving the position of the origin (two elements), the orientation of the network (one element), and the parameters of a reference ellipsoid (two elements).
		A survey, usually an open traverse, in which the measurement is made on the deflection angle of each course or leg from the direction of the preceding leg.
	www.fas.org /irp/agency/nima/nug/gloss_d.html (10314 words)

	Legal information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At the same time that we are in transition to full implementation to the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act, we are in transition from Clarke 1880/Cape Datum to WGS84 as the basis for definition of blocks.
		The areas of 'old-order' prospecting sub-leases are all defined in terms of Clarke 1880/Cape Datum.
		Blocks defined in terms of WGS84 and adjacent to (South and/or West of) existing leases would overlap with those existing lease areas and, in the short term, the area will be amended to prevent conflicting claims.
	www.petroleumagencysa.com /pages/legal.htm (700 words)

	[No title]
		This class is merely a large collection # of Datum objects, collected in the %_datum hash.
		The Datum you're translating to/from is # stored in the Datum() field of the object (the other Datum is by default WGS 84).
		The arguments to this method are a Coordinate object # with the lat/lon/datum fields filled in (the datum field must be "WGS 84"), # AND a datum (string) to shift to.
	www.wigle.net /jigle/Coordinate.pm (1886 words)

	Harwich Harbormaster, Cape Cod, MA. #1 municipal environmental website!
		However, the DMF agreed with the town there was a decline in the number of fish using the run and others on the Cape and supported the town’s moratorium in 2004.
		As part of the agreement, Leach pointed out, the town funded the resurfacing of the west parking lot and expanded parking by 20 spaces in 2002.
		Leach said the west side resurfacing cost $90,000 and was sold to voters based on the commitment of the commonwealth to resurface and reconstruct the boat ramp on the east side.
	www.vsv.cape.com /~harharb/main6.html (3101 words)

	Antarctic Tides \| Victoria University of Wellington
		The Cape Roberts Tide gauge was initially established in 1990 by Victoria University to support marine geological investigations and the Cape Roberts Project drilling operations.
		The operation of the tide gauge has encouraged USGS and Ohio State University workers to establish Cape Roberts as a primary datum for their GPS stress and deformation control network in South Victoria Land.
		LINZ bathymetric survey commitments in the Ross Sea (Cape Adare and Cape Hallet) require a linked Ross Sea tidal datum and the Cape Roberts Tide gauge data recording was modified in 2000/2001 for this purpose.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /antarctic/research/antarctictides.aspx (255 words)

	Cape Fear River
		A large scale dredging project in the Cape Fear River, conducted by the Army Corps of Engineers, is expected to increase the tidal amplitude as much as 10 cm in some areas of the river/estuary.
		Because of uncertainties in the model, the USACE has established a program to monitor the potential effects of increased tidal range and salinity on the Cape Fear and the Northeast Cape Fear Rivers north of Wilmington.
		Water level data collected from upstream stations will be compared to a baseline station (P1) at the mouth of the Cape Fear River which is currently experiencing oceanic tidal signatures and salinity level.
	people.uncw.edu /hackney (445 words)

	[No title]
		Perusal of the statistics indicates that KwaZulu-Natal is the wettest province, while the Western Cape has the highest variability of MAP within any of the provinces, and the highest individual point rainfall at an estimated 3345 mm per annum.
		The tabulated statistics of rainfall concentration, derived from the 437 000 gridded values covering southern Africa, confirm the Northern, North-West and Northern Cape provinces' to having high concentrations, but additionally show that in those provinces the ranges of high concentrations between the lowest and the highest grid value are quite small.
		The Western and Eastern Cape with their low averages of the rainfall concentration, however, have a wide range between maximum and minimum values and consequently also display the highest coefficients of variation.
	www.nceas.ucsb.edu /public/bayesian/DataLayersApril03/Mymethods.doc (6328 words)

	Article of the Month - June 2005
		A number of the former British colonies in Southern and East Africa adopted the Cape Datum co-ordinate system based on the Clarke 1880 spheroid but even these countries have different realizations of what, in name, is the same thing.
		Apart from being fundamental to all infrastructure, planning and development projects, AFREF and the network of permanent GPS base stations upon which it will be based, has vast potential for the promotion of geodesy and surveying, geo-information, earth and atmospheric science, disaster mitigation, the monitoring of crop and vegetation distribution and animal migration patterns.
		Since the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure meeting held in Cape Town in March 2000, where the need for a unified reference frame for Africa was first expressed, many meetings and workshops have been held to deal with AFREF either directly or indirectly.
	www.fig.net /pub/monthly_articles/june_2005/wonnacott_june_2005.htm (4376 words)

	Techshop GPS FAQ
		Very obviously but sometimes forgotten - are your map-datum on your GPS corresponding to the Map datum that was used for determining the original Waypoint.
		Some ",active", external antennas are available to actively amplify the antennas signal before sending it to the GPS receiver in order to compensate for the signal loss through the cable.
		In South Africa, most older maps use the CAPE datum (based on the modified Clarke 1880 ellipsoid), (not to be confused with the CAPE CANAVERAL map datum).
	www.techshop.co.za /Infopages.aspx?Page=FAQ (2447 words)

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