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	Capercaillie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Capercaillie lives on a variety of food types, including buds, leaves, berries, insects, grasses and in the winter mostly conifer needles; you can see the food remains in their droppings, which are about 1 cm in diameter and 5-6 cm in length.
		Capercaillie, especially the hens with young chicks, require a set of particular resources which should occur as parts of a small-scaled patchy mosaic: these are food plants, small insects for the chicks, cover in dense young trees or high ground vegetation, old trees with horizontal branches for sleeping.
		The main causes for the recent decline of Capercaillie all over their range are climate change and nitrogen oxide emissions with their massive effects on vegetation development, intensified forestry and increasing disturbance by tourism and recreational use.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Capercaillie (2399 words)

	Management of Scottish Woodlands for Capercaillie
		· The Capercaillie is the biggest grouse in the world, with the male weighing about 4kg and the female 2kg.
		Adult capercaillie can exist in a wide range of native and introduced conifers, but the young are more demanding in their requirements- they represent the limiting factor.
		Capercaillie need to produce a net of just over 1 chick per hen to continue survival, so avoid overshooting.
	www.angelfire.com /ga/wheatear/caper.html (1063 words)

	Trees for Life - Species profile: Capercaillie
		The capercaillie is a resident in northern Europe and Asia in coniferous forests, especially in hills and mountains, and in the mountains of central eastern Europe.
		Capercaillie are not only facing a demise in Scotland but also in other parts of their range, due mainly to the same variety of problems as we have here.
		The capercaillie hen lays five to eight eggs in early May. Her nest is a scrape on the ground, frequently in a hollow under a tree.
	www.treesforlife.org.uk /tfl.capercaillie.html (1894 words)

	BBC News Online \| Scotland \| Capercaillie numbers 'double'
		The capercaillie is the largest bird in the grouse family, at about the size of a turkey.
		The capercaillie population had been in constant decline since the 1970s, when they were thought to number as many as 20,000.
		Scotland's endangered capercaillie are the subject of a £5m European Union-funded action plan aimed at reversing their population decline.
	news.bbc.co.uk /nolpda/ukfs_news/hi/newsid_3829000/3829929.stm (387 words)

	Newsletter Online
		The Capercaillie became extinct in the 1770s, but was reintroduced to Scotland from Scandinavia in 1837.
		Capercaillie numbers peaked between the wars, and reached over 20,000 again in the early 1970s.
		Ecologists believe that loss and fragmentation of habitat, changes in rainfall patterns affecting food supply for Capercaillie chicks, fatal collisions with deer fences, as well as disturbance and predation may all be contributing to the species' current decline in Scotland.
	www.abdn.ac.uk /newsletter/issue_14/story15.hti (305 words)

	VisitScotland Perthshire - Capercaillie
		Happily a small population of capercaillie still thrives in these woods today and quiet, alert visitors are sometimes rewarded with a sighting.
		The main threat to the capercaillie's survival is poor breeding caused by the change in weather patterns over recent years.
		Native Caledonian pine woods are the favoured habitat of the capercaillie.
	www.perthshire.co.uk /index.asp?pg=298 (741 words)

	Conservation Ecology: On spatial resolution in habitat models: Can small-scale forest structure explain Capercaillie ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		To validate the model, habitat variables and indirect sign of Capercaillie use (such as feathers or feces) were mapped in six study areas based on a total of 2901 20 m radius (for habitat variables) and 5 m radius sample plots (for Capercaillie sign).
		Capercaillie populations are assumed to disappear as forest fragmentation exceeds a critical threshold (Rolstad and Wegge 1987).
		Storch, I. Habitat and survival of Capercaillie nests and broods in the Bavarian Alps.
	sunsite.wits.ac.za /eco/vol6/iss1/art6/main.html (8165 words)

	Capercaillie - Tetrao urogallus: More Information - ARKive
		The capercaillie became extinct in Britain in the 18th century, as a result of wide-scale forest clearance and hunting, birds from Sweden were re-introduced into Scotland in the 19th century.
		The principle threats to the capercaillie are thought to be loss of habitat through overgrazing by sheep and deer, predation, and collisions with deer fences.
		The capercaillie is listed in the UK Biodiversity Action Plan, and figures released in a joint survey by the RSPB and Scottish Natural Heritage in 2003 suggest it may number just 1000 individual birds.
	www.arkive.org /species/ARK/birds/Tetrao_urogallus/more_info.html (1092 words)

	Concerted Efforts - Capercaillie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		From their homeland roots of Argyll in the highland roots of Scotland, Capercaillie have been credited with being a major force in bringing traditional Celtic music to the world stage and inspiring the great resurgence so evident today.
		Capercaillie includes some of the finest musicians on the scene: Manus Lunny on bouzouki, Charlie McKerron on fiddle and Donald Shaw on keyboards and accordion.
		Capercaillie have always been innovative and Beautiful Wasteland was their most potent blend of ancient songs - some more than 400 years old - and the latest in music technology.
	www.concertedefforts.com /artists_cape.asp (342 words)

	Capercaillie UK Tour - Southampton Concert Review - 29 September 1997 - Musical Discoveries
		Perhaps it was the anticipation of Capercaillie that led to our impatience and anxiousness that the opening act would conclude.
		Capercaillie is a seriously great progressive Celtic band with a unique sound and a power that is second to none.
		While they have an broad range of tunes to draw from, Capercaillie is in their heart a Celtic band with an extensive repertoire of jigs and reels.
	www.musicaldiscoveries.com /reviews/caper.htm (1038 words)

	Ectophiles' Guide - Capercaillie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Capercaillie play Scottish traditional pop, a bit like modern Clannad, but on their later Secret People cd they're too poppy and bland for me. Delirium is still more rooted in traditional music--a nice mixture.
		After hearing several Capercaillie songs a few years ago, I decided I didn't like them, then listened to part of this album in a store, liked it, didn't buy it, decided to buy it, couldn't find it, hunted it down for months and finally bought it.
		Capercaillie's new anthology, flowing backwards seamlessly through their 20-year history, is a wonderful collection for casual fans like me who only own a few albums.
	ectoguide.org /alpha/c/capercaillie (1179 words)

	Capercaillie beating extinction threat? - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Scottish conservationists are celebrating as the capercaillie had the dubious title of being the bird most likely to become extinct in the UK in the next 15 years.
		Conservation action such as removing or marking 300 kilometres of deer fencing (which capercaillie were prone to fly into), legal predator control in key susceptible capercaillie areas, and extensive habitat management in many of the woodlands where capercaillie remain seems to be paying off.
		Kenny Kortland, Capercaillie Project Officer for the RSPB in Scotland points out the teamwork that's made this possible, 'This very positive result can be attributed to the huge effort made by many public and private forest managers in recent years to save this species.
	www.rspb.org.uk /scotland/action/capercaillie/threat.asp (515 words)

	Scotland on Sunday - Scotland - Capercaillie face fox snare threat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The keepers on Highland estates are setting the snares legally to protect the red grouse that bring millions of pounds every year into the rural economy from wealthy shooters.
		But scientists claim that capercaillie, and other officially protected species such as wild cats, are being killed by the fox traps.
		Only 1,000 capercaillie remain in the wild and they could be extinct within 20 years.
	scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com /scotland.cfm?id=12402003 (229 words)

	Artists: CapercaillieCeltic, Pop, Rock Music
		Capercaillie have been credited with being the major force in bringing Celtic music to the world stage, and their unique fusion of Gaelic culture and contemporary sound has always stretched boundaries in their quest to keep the music evolving.
		Nadurra is Capercaillie's 8th album released in the U.S., which finds the band returning to their deep, musical roots with a much more organic approach than on their more recent projects.
		From their homeland in the roots of Argyll in the Highlands of Scotland, Capercaillie have been credited with being the major force in bringing traditional Celting music to the world stage, and inspiring the great resurgence so evident today.
	valley-entertainment.com /Artists/Capercaillie (1093 words)

	Gaelic World Music article p.1-- Portland America -- Capercaillie, Karen Matheson, Celtic Colours Festival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		During the first Celtic Colours Festival held in Cape Breton in the fall of 1997, one of the biggest hits was Capercaillie, the contemporary Gaelic band from Scotland.
		Capercaillie is at the forefront of Scotland’s Gaelic bands.
		The Gaelic music of the west is evident in the song repertoire, and perhaps also in the soft edge of the band’s sound, which is neither folk nor new age nor rock, despite its mix of electric and acoustic instruments.
	www.portlandamerica.com /page8.html (522 words)

	New laws and cash to protect the capercaillie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"The capercaillie is a bird characteristic of Scotland.
		While climate is a major factor in their decline research has also demonstrated the impact of fencing on the capercaillie's ability to survive.
		The allocation of £700,000 to the Forestry Commission for the removal and marking of fences in areas close to known populations of capercaillie will be another boost in the battle to save these birds.
	www.scotland.gov.uk /pages/news/2001/09/SE3003.aspx (460 words)

	Conservation Ecology: On spatial resolution in habitat models: Can small-scale forest structure explain Capercaillie ...
		As an index of Capercaillie use, presence or absence of signs such as feathers and feces was recorded within a 5 m radius.
		Capercaillie habitat preference, as expressed by Ivlev´s electivity index, increased across the 10 intervals of summer habitat suitability.
		Capercaillie prefer somewhat denser cover (±60%) in winter than in summer (±50%) (score 1), and may even use dense stands if a few gaps exist in the canopy, e.g., due to snowbreak or storm.
	www.consecol.org /vol6/iss1/art6 (9673 words)

	Surfbirds Birding Trip Report: Capercaillie code of conduct
		Away from here, capercaillie leks should not be visited at all during the crucial April-May period.
		Capercaillies can be easier to see in autumn (from September), as there are usually more birds once juveniles have fledged.
		Capercaillies are less disturbed by vehicles than by walkers; if you have vehicular access to a forest, remain inside with the engine switched off and observe birds quietly until they have moved back into the forest.
	www.surfbirds.com /trip_report.php?id=510 (224 words)

	Capercaillie
		Through twelve studio albums and countless "live" performances in over 30 countries, the group has continued to develop and hone their craft, adding distinctive, contemporary innovations to a traditional music-based repertoire.
		All of this glorious instrumental virtuosity is taken to transcendental heights by the peerless vocals of Karen Matheson, who has been described by Billboard magazine as 'the finest Gaelic singer alive today'.
		Here then is Capercaillie "live in concert", continuing to explore new territory whilst preserving the rich musical tradition that is their heritage.
	www.capercaillie.co.uk /discography/releases/live (342 words)

	Capercaillie Action Programme - The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
		This is an urgent and essential short-term measure in some locations to reduce capercaillie deaths from fence collisions.
		Protecting capercaillie eggs and chicks, when they are most vulnerable from attack by crows and foxes.
		The officer will be responsible for advising landowners and foresters, within the current capercaillie range, on how to manage their land and the habitat to help capercaillie.
	www.rspb.org.uk /scotland/action/capercaillie/program.asp (440 words)

	Straight.com Vancouver \| Festival Vancouver \| Capercaillie makes old Gaelic songs new again
		Capercaillieâs 1998 album Beautiful Wasteland is a masterly work that succeeds in giving the old songs a new feel, with the tasteful addition of percussion, bass, synthesized sounds, and (on a couple of tracks) the female voices of African duo SibÃ¨ba.
		When Capercaillie comes to the Commodore Ballroom on August 11, as part of Festival Vancouver, most of its set will be based on Choice Language, but there will be plenty of songs from the bandâs back catalogue as well.
		Over the years, Capercaillie has toured the world and played in many unusual and exotic placesâ”none more surreal than the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, in Iraq.
	www.straight.com /content.cfm?id=11878 (693 words)

	BBC News \| SCOTLAND \| Capercaillie extinction fears ruffle feathers
		That figure is a twentieth of the capercaillie population during the mid Seventies.
		The most recent attempt to preserve the capercaillie, otherwise known as the tetrao urogallus, was launched in June.
		The capercaillie is big enough to be nicknamed the "horse of the woods" and was hunted to extinction in the late 18th century.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/scotland/903508.stm (489 words)

	Capercaillie Life Project - Urgent Scottish Management for Scottish Capercaillie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The project is a partnership and aims to halt the decline of Scottish Capercaillie and improve its breeding sucess.
		This project is aimed at improving the breeding success of the Scottish Capercaillie thus reversing the recent decline in numbers.
		There are many reasons for the decline in Capercaillie numbers, and this project has attempted to deal with the most prominent that have been identified.
	www.capercaillie-life.info (302 words)

	Capercaillie
		Along with her bandmate Donald Shaw, with whom she founded Capercaillie more than a decade ago, Matheson's willingness to explore new sounds and musical textures has made the band a leader in innovative Celtic music.
		On two cuts, Capercaillie is joined by members of the North African group Sibeba and the results are marvelous.
		Lovers of smoother Celtic sounds may find the mix here too eclectic, but Capercaillie is the band to bring Celtic music into the new millennium.
	www.citypaper.net /articles/010799/dq2.shtml (210 words)

	Capercaillie: Grace and Pride: Anthology 2004-1984 - PopMatters Music Review
		Shaw may be more important for his leadership and his ability to attract talent than his instrumental virtuosity, as the band has included a number of high caliber fiddle, flute, tin whistle, and pipe players over the years.
		The reasons for this are unclear, but this likens the process of listening to a stripping down affair as the instrumentation and material become less modern.
		Capercaillie's output over the years reveals trends not only in their sound, but that of the broader field itself.
	www.popmatters.com /music/reviews/c/capercaillie-grace.shtml (725 words)

	Island Miniatures - The Capercaillie Scotland's Rare Bird (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Most of us are familiar with the singing group which has taken this beautiful bird as their name but I did not know until recently capercaillie was first and foremost a Scottish bird.
		In the 1970s the population was estimated at 20,000 birds, all descendants from birds reintroduced from Sweden in the 19th century after the Scottish capercaillie had become extinct, probably due to the extensive felling of pinewoods.
		Capercaillies were found in suitable woodlands from the Cowal peninsula in the west right across to Buchan in the north-east of Scotland.
	www.scottishradiance.com /letters/imin9805.htm (481 words)

	Forestry Commission - News - capercaillie display (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It contributed £2.5 million, which was matched by members of the Caledonian Partnership, to the capercaillie LIFE project.
		The post of Capercaillie Conservation Officer is jointly funded by RSPB Scotland, the Commission and SNH.
		These include the removal or marking of 300 kilometres (180 miles) of deer fencing, legal predator control in key capercaillie areas, and extensive habitat management in many of the woodlands where capercaillie remain.
	www.forestry.gov.uk /newsrele.nsf/AllByUNID/F154810F16A2142780256EC90057735F?Open&PrintFriendly=y (674 words)

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