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Topic: Capital punishment in China

	China changes law to limit death sentence
		China's top legislature adopted a change to the law on the country's court system on Tuesday requiring all death sentences to be approved by the Supreme People's Court.
		Chen Xianming, president of China University of Political Science and Law, said the revision was appropriate in the mid 1980's and helped to lower the country's crime rate.
		Since 2005, China's media have exposed a series of errors in death sentence cases and criticized courts for their lack of caution in meting out capital punishment.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /china/2006-10/31/content_721315.htm (704 words)

	Capital punishment in the People's Republic of China - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Capital punishment is applied flexibly to a wide range of crimes, some of which are punishable by death in no other judicial system in the world.
		Capital punishment is also imposed on inchoate crimes, that is, attempted crimes which are not actually fully carried out, including repeat offenses such as attempted theft or attempted fraud.
		Capital punishment in China can be imposed on crimes against symbols and treasures of the state, such as theft of cultural relics and the killing of pandas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Capital_punishment_in_China (1577 words)

	The Journal of Asian Law \| Back Issues
		Since 1979, lawmakers in China have defined criminal acts and sanctions with increasing sophistication to prevent arbitrariness in arrest and prosecution.
		Capital punishment appears to be widely used in China today and is generally regarded by the Chinese leadership and people as an effective means to promote stability and, in turn, modernization.
		Rather, it details the scope of capital punishment in China and highlights issues which must be explored if the death penalty is to comport rationally with other current legal reforms.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/asiaweb/v1n2davi.htm (415 words)

	Salt of the Earth: capital punishment statistics
		Capital cases are the costliest of criminal cases.
		A study of racial discrimination in capital cases in Georgia showed that "the average odds of receiving a death sentence among all indicted cases were 4.3 times higher in cases with white victims."—American Civil Liberties Union.
		Capital Post-Conviction Unit: informs defendants who have been sentenced to death where direct representation in post-conviction proceedings can be found.
	salt.claretianpubs.org /stats/capitalpun/capitalp.html (804 words)

	China in International Relations - Powered By Bloglines
		The Catholic Church in China is planning to install a new bishop without the seeking consent from Rome. Liu Bainian, vice president of the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Church Association, said that the move would be made as early as by the end of this week.
		In this case, China is finally realizing that capital punishment is not the answer to their problem with criminals; instead it is creating more problems with humanitarian organizations.
		China will promote both energy development and conservation; their goal is to reduce the use of energy per unit by twenty percent by the year 2010.
	www.bloglines.com /blog/msaechao (4353 words)

	China to scrutinize its executions - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune
		China's legislature, the National People's Congress, approved the amendment to the law, which "is believed to be the most important reform of capital punishment in China in more than two decades," the official Xinhua news agency said in a short dispatch.
		In an attempt to deter a wave of crime and corruption in the early years of China's economic boom, the authorities in 1983 delegated the power to lower courts to impose the death penalty for a wide range of offenses.
		Chinese political leaders strongly defend capital punishment as an essential tool to fight crime and preserve social order in a country of 1.3 billion that is undergoing massive economic and social upheaval.
	www.iht.com /articles/2006/10/31/news/china.php (820 words)

	China questions death penalty.
		China uses the death penalty for a wide range of crimes, from murder to economic crimes such as corruption.
		The focus of reforming the punishment system is not to abolish the death penalty but to set up more long-term prison sentences, for example, 20 or 30 year sentences in order to reduce the use of the death penalty.
		The worst side effect of China's death penalty is that it is an obstacle to international and regional criminal judicial administration and coperation.
	www.centurychina.com /plaboard/posts/3691993.shtml (1205 words)

	Amnesty International Report 2002 - Asia and the Pacific - CHINA
		It quoted an independent study by China's parliament, carried out in six cities and provinces between 1997 and 1999, which uncovered 221 cases of confessions extracted under torture that had led to the deaths of 21 criminal suspects.
		Hundreds, possibly thousands, of North Korean refugees and asylum-seekers in northeast China were arrested and forcibly repatriated during the year, denying them access to any refugee determination procedures, in breach of the principles embodied in the 1951 UN Refugee Convention to which China is a state party.
		It recommended that China guarantee and ensure equal treatment of all refugees and asylum-seekers, and adopt measures to implement objective criteria for the determination of refugee status.
	web.amnesty.org /web/ar2002.nsf/asa/china!Open (2694 words)

	AP Wire \| 11/01/2006 \| China makes major shift on executions
		The amendment to China's capital punishment law follows reports of executions of wrongly convicted people and criticism that lower courts have arbitrarily imposed the death sentence.
		Amnesty International says China executed at least 1,770 people in 2005, but the true number is thought to be many times higher.
		By Amnesty's figures of known executions, China was responsible for more than 80 percent of the 2,148 people executed last year around the world, including 60 in the United States.
	www.charlotte.com /mld/charlotte/news/world/15897082.htm (930 words)

	ABC News: Report: Less Capital Punishment in China
		The amendment to China's capital punishment law, enacted in November, was a step forward for the country, which is believed to carry out more court-ordered executions than all other nations combined.
		It is difficult to confirm the newspaper report because China doesn't officially release such figures and international rights organizations do not know the exact number of executions carried out in the country every year.
		China is believed to carry out more court-ordered executions than all other nations combined.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=3257199 (434 words)

	Amnesty International: People's Republic of China:
		In it, the government stated that over the years, particularly since China had ratified the Convention in 1988, it had adopted "effective" legislative, judicial, administrative and other measures to "rigorously forbid all acts of torture and guarantee that the rights of the person and the democratic rights of citizens are not violated".
		In China, the determination of guilt and sentence is usually decided outside the trial court by committees subject to political interference.
		During 1994, the Government of China provided information of six cases of disappearance, stating that in five of them the persons had never been detained and in the other, which concerned the alleged disappearance of the group of 19 Tibetans, that further information would be provided when the investigation was completed.
	www.amnesty.org /ailib/intcam/china/china96/hrv.htm (8071 words)

	* When Does it Become Murder?
		Governor Ryan is a conservative Republican, a person one would expect to be in favor of capital punishment (and he is).
		In the face of accumulating evidence, we have to stop asking whether capital punishment is justified, and instead ask whether it has become state-sanctioned murder.
		On the basis of these statistics, one might argue for capital punishment on the ground that it is commonplace.
	www.arachnoid.com /opinion/capital_punishment.html (2191 words)

	www.theage.com.au - Chinese review executions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		RESPONDING to criticism of its extensive use of capital punishment, China has adopted rules requiring a review of all death sentences by the Supreme People's Court.
		The amendment, which goes into effect on January 1, restores a power that was stripped from the court in 1983 and was given to provincial courts as part of a crackdown on crime.
		The National People's Congress approved the amendment, which "is believed to be the most important reform of capital punishment in China in more than two decades", the official New China News Agency said.
	www.theage.com.au /text/articles/2006/11/01/1162339918171.html (251 words)

	My Way News - China Changes Death Penalty Law
		BEIJING (AP) - China's legislature on Tuesday barred all but the nation's highest court from approving death sentences, a move that state media called the country's biggest change to capital punishment in more than 20 years.
		China is believed to account for most of the world's court-ordered executions, putting to death hundreds of people a year for crimes ranging from murder to such nonviolent offenses as tax evasion.
		The change, which will take effect on Jan. 1, 2007, "is believed to be the most important reform of capital punishment in China in more than two decades," the official Xinhua News Agency said.
	apnews.myway.com /article/20061031/D8L3IAOO0.html (513 words)

	CrimProf Blog: Capital Punishment
		South Carolina: A bill to expand South Carolina's capital punishment statute so that those who are convicted a second time of raping children under 11 are eligible for the death penalty has drawn criticism from those who worry the bill may result in unintended consequences.
		Professors Rob Owen and Jordan Steiker from the University's Capital Punishment Clinic, along with co-counsel Dick Burr, litigated the case both in the U.S. Supreme Court and in the Fifth Circuit.
		It follows from this that the Eighth Amendment prohibition on “cruel and unusual punishments” was designed primarily to restrain the federal power to punish in a way that conflicts with the norms of an individual State.
	lawprofessors.typepad.com /crimprof_blog/capital_punishment/index.html (7469 words)

	Crime -- And Punishment -- Rages in China
		Kidnappers are preying on the families of China's new rich and the heroin trade has spread to all of China's large cities.
		In Shanghai, China's largest city, Fu Changlu, an administrative judge of the city's First Intermediate People's Court, said in an interview that, "Within the realm of the law, we have to be as severe as we can" on the perpetrators of major crime.
		But the crackdown has fostered alarm among legal scholars that China's efforts to establish the rule of law in its criminal justice system could be undermined by the overtones of a "mass movement" -- a term associated with the political persecutions of the Maoist era -- against crime.
	home.uchicago.edu /~wito/china-crime.html (1737 words)

	In major shift, China requires all death sentences to be approved by highest court - USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The amendment to China's capital punishment law follows reports of wrongly convicted people being executed and criticism that the death penalty has been imposed arbitrarily by lower courts.
		China is believed to carry out most of the world's court-ordered executions, putting to death hundreds, and possibly thousands, of people each year for crimes ranging from murder to such non-violent offenses as tax evasion.
		By Amnesty's figures of known executions, China was responsible for more than 80% of the 2,148 people executed last year, including 60 in the United States.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2006-10-31-china-executions_x.htm (908 words)

	USATODAY.com - China makes ultimate punishment mobile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		China's critics contend that the transition from firing squads to injections in death vans facilitates an illegal trade in prisoners' organs.
		China's refusal to give outsiders access to the bodies of executed prisoners has added to suspicions about what happens afterward: Corpses are typically driven to a crematorium and burned before relatives or independent witnesses can view them.
		There is no such debate in China, which uses the same three-drug cocktail as the U.S. federal government and most U.S. states: sodium thiopental to make the condemned unconscious, pancuronium bromide to stop breathing, potassium chloride to stop the heart.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2006-06-14-death-van_x.htm (1292 words)

	The Daily Mail - Daily News from Pakistan - Newspaper from Pakistan
		It is believed to be the most important reform on capital punishment in China in more than 20 years.
		Chen Xianming, president of China University of Political Science and Law, said the revision was appropriate in the mid 1980’s and helped to lower the country’s crime rate.
		Since 2005, China’s media have exposed a series of errors in death sentence cases and criticized courts for their lack of caution in meting out capital punishment.
	dailymailnews.com /200611/01/news/dmchinawatch03.html (412 words)

	The Hindu : International : China tightens law on death sentence
		Beijing: In what is being called the most important reform of capital punishment in China in over two decades, the legislature has passed an amendment to the law requiring all death sentences to be approved by the Supreme People's Court.
		As the erstwhile Middle Kingdom opens its doors to the outside world and seeks to project itself as a modern, progressive nation, the development of the "rule of law" is seen as key to this effort.
		China executes a large number of people every year but national statistics on executions and death sentences are not available.
	www.hindu.com /2006/11/02/stories/2006110200871600.htm (406 words)

	AP Wire \| 10/31/2006 \| China makes major shift on executions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		BEIJING - China, believed to carry out more court-ordered executions than all other nations combined, took a step toward human rights Tuesday by enacting legislation that requires approval from the country's highest court before putting anyone to death.
		China is thought to put to execute hundreds, and possibly thousands, of people each year for crimes ranging from murder to such nonviolent offenses as tax evasion.
		This is a big step forward for China's legal system and human rights," said Li Heping, a prominent activist lawyer.
	www.dfw.com /mld/journalgazette/15891140.htm (858 words)

	China Changes Death Penalty Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		BEIJING (AP) -- China's legislature on Tuesday approved a change in the death penalty law to allow only the country's highest court to approve death sentences, state media said.
		The move comes amid complaints of miscarriages of justice and criticism by human rights groups who say China extensively and arbitrarily uses capital punishment.
		The change, which will take effect on Jan. 1, 2007, "is believed to be the most important reform of capital punishment in China in more than two decades," the official Xinhua News Agency said in a brief dispatch.
	www.softcom.net /webnews/wed/dg/Achina-death-penalty.Rew5_GOV.html (99 words)

	New York Supreme Court Criminal Term Library - Powered By Bloglines
		China Moves to Reduce High Rate of Capital Punishment
		The move, which goes into effect on Jan. 1, restores a power that was stripped from the Supreme Court in 1983 and given to provincial courts as part of a major crackdown on crime.
		China’s legislature approved the amendment to the law, 'the most important reform of capital punishment in China in more than two decades,' according to the official state news agency.
	www.bloglines.com /blog/PLL?id=2959 (262 words)

	TIME.com Print Page: World -- China's Message on Executions
		It's not surprising that the people in charge of China's public image would want to trumpet this development: China's enthusiasm for capital punishment has long been a target for international criticism of its human rights record.
		The authorities deem China's annual tally of executions a state secret, but even the total reported in the Chinese media far exceeds that of other countries where capital punishment is practiced.
		Legal scholars and death penalty opponents (a minority in China) complained that this devolving of authority had been illegal to begin with, but in a country where the rule of law is weak, their concerns didn't get much traction.
	www.time.com /time/world/printout/0,8816,1554379,00.html (667 words)

	American Civil Liberties Union : Death Penalty
		One question before the Court is whether inmates whose state-selected lawyers inexcusably miss the deadline should receive a short extension so that they are not executed without a federal judge ever reviewing their case.
		The ACLU Capital Punishment Project's amicus brief demonstrates the abysmal quality of representation received by many death-row inmates in Florida.
		On October 31, 2006, the Associated Press reported that China's highest court will start reviewing all capital punishment cases that result in death sentences.
	www.aclu.org /capital/index.html (902 words)

	Journal Gazette \| 11/01/2006 \| China tightens control on death sentences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		BEIJING – China, believed to carry out more court-ordered executions than all other nations combined, took a step toward human rights Tuesday by enacting legislation that requires approval from the country’s highest court before putting anyone to death.
		China is thought to execute hundreds, and possibly thousands, of people each year for crimes ranging from murder to such non-violent offenses as tax evasion.
		In a statement Tuesday, the London-based rights group cited a senior member of China’s national legislature as saying 10,000 people are executed each year.
	www.fortwayne.com /mld/journalgazette/news/15900145.htm (204 words)

	deseretnews.com \| Executions need court OK in China
		BEIJING — China, believed to carry out more court-ordered executions than all other nations combined, took a step forward in improving human rights Tuesday by enacting legislation that requires approval from the country's highest court before putting anyone to death.
		China is thought to put to death hundreds, and possibly thousands, of people each year for crimes ranging from murder to such nonviolent offenses as tax evasion.
		The London-based rights group on Tuesday cited a senior member of China's national legislature as saying some 10,000 people are executed each year.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,650203425,00.html (881 words)

	China questions death penalty - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		It will be a very devious and sly move for China to abolish the death penalty just so China will be able to shove all the American talk of human rights up Americans' asses.
		China could just have as conveniently locked them away forever as killing them.
		However, the "political capital" gained from abolishing the death penalty far outweights the cost, as that political capital will become a very powerful "rhetoric" weapon against the US (and foreign) pressure and meddling.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=30323 (1646 words)

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