Capital punishment in Europe

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Topic: Capital punishment in Europe

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Belarus
		Belarus is also the only country in Europe where capital punishment is still legal and executed.
		Belarus (Belarusian: Белару́сь, Biełaruś, Russian: Белару́сь (formerly: Белору́ссия), Polish: Białoruś) is a landlocked nation of Eastern Europe with the capital Minsk.
		Belarus is the only country in Europe to be barred from full membership in the Council of Europe and to be identified by the United States as an "outpost of tyranny."
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Belarus (1241 words)

	Capital punishment in Belarus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Belarus is the only country in Europe in which capital punishment is actively used.
		Capital punishment in Belarus is legal for a variety of crimes that are considered "grave" by the government.
		The capital punishment used in Belarus is execution by firing squad.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Belarus (856 words)

	Central Asia: Trend Is Away From Capital Punishment - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY
		Sunder-Plassmann said she believes the abolishment of capital punishment is particularly crucial in Uzbekistan because of the great possibility for judicial error.
		But a new bill introducing life imprisonment for the five crimes that carry capital punishment is expected to become law soon.
		In Kazakhstan, President Nursultan Nazarbaev ordered a moratorium on executions in December 2003, pending a decision on the complete abolishment of capital punishment.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2004/12/EA7E303A-D146-40DD-A88E-87775FBE36F8.html (947 words)

	World Capitals
		Death Be Not Proud: Capital punishment is a blight on America's image in the world.(Europe)(Brief Article)
		Death Be Not Proud: Capital punishment is a blight on America's image in the world.(Artículo Breve)
		Gimme capital: with the world growing hungry for cash, consumers may be destined for years of high interest rates.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0855603.html (404 words)

	Head of upper house on life imprisonment and capital punishment - Pravda.Ru
		If we guarantee "inevitability" of punishment, Mironov noted, life imprisonment will be an acceptable alternative to the death penalty "to eradicate such an evil" as crime.
		According to him, in order that democratic human rights are observed in Belarus, it should get the status of a Council of Europe country.
		Head of upper house on life imprisonment and capital punishment
	english.pravda.ru /politics/2002/04/25/28019_.html (532 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		"Belarus cannot but take into account the international community's trends regarding the death penalty," Constitutional Court Chairman Ryhor Vasilevich said, noting that 45 member states of the Council of Europe and 100 other countries ban capital punishment.
		The Constitutional Court on 11 March recommended removing capital punishment from Belarus's Criminal Code or imposing a moratorium on executions, Belapan and RFE/RL's Belarusian Service reported.
		Vasilevich recalled that some 80 percent of voters opposed abolition of the death penalty in a 1996 referendum, but he added that the Belarusian Criminal Code at the time did not stipulate such alternative punishments as 25 years' imprisonment or life imprisonment, which were introduced in 1997.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2004/03/3-CEE/cee-120304.asp (1839 words)

	BakuTODAY.net - After Armenian Parliament\'s decision concerning capital punishment, EC calls for complete abolition
		After Armenian Parliament's decision concerning capital punishment, EC calls for complete abolition
		BakuTODAY.net - After Armenian Parliament\'s decision concerning capital punishment, EC calls for complete abolition
		Council of Europe Secretary General Walter Schwimmer today reacted following the recent vote in the Armenian Parliament concerning the death penalty.
	www.bakutoday.net /view.php?d=4057 (290 words)

	Amnesty International Report 2002 - Europe - UK
		There was also an increase in the number of ''punishment'' shootings and beatings by armed groups of people within their own communities.
		The European Court of Human Rights ruled that the United Kingdom (UK) had violated the right to life in Northern Ireland.
		United Kingdom: Creating a shadow criminal justice system in the name of ''fighting international terrorism'' (AI Index: EUR 45/019/2001)
	web.amnesty.org /web/ar2002.nsf/eur/uk!Open (2262 words)

	Capital Punishment in Europe
		Nowadays capital punishment is not questioned at all in most European countries.
		Capital punishment was banned in the Netherlands in 1870, although the last execution (by hanging) was performed in 1861.
		In the United Kingdom capital punishment was abolished for ordinary crimes in 1973, in (West) Germany in 1949 and in Switserland and the Scandinavian countries the capital punishment was also banned before WW II.
	www.charm.net /~tomokoy/ev.html (388 words)

	H-Net Review: Roger B. Manning on Violence in Early Modern Europe, 1500-1800
		Brutal capital and corporal punishments had been employed at the beginning of the early modern period, but, generally speaking, were already in decline by the late sixteenth century.
		The decline of the use of capital punishment owed something to humane sensibilities, which predated the Enlightenment, and to the emergence of systems of penal servitude; however, it was probably due primarily to greater political stability and the diminished need for spectacular punishments.
		He also seems to be unaware of the complex nature of common use-rights and the absence of a modern doctrine of possessive individualism or of the distinctions between arable, pastoral, and sylvan economies and societies.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=249821058802452 (1921 words)

	World Capitals
		The seduction of innocence: the attraction and limitations of the focus on innocence in capital punishment law and advocacy.
		How efficient are Europe's capital markets?(EBF Debate)(Cover Story) (European Business Forum)
		Capital controls: mud in the wheels of market efficiency.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0855603.html (1921 words)

	Guillotine history
		During this period in Europe, capital punishment was the typical sentence for criminals guilty of crimes ranging from murder to petty theft.
		Monsieur Guillotin's only connection to the device lies in his efforts to convince the French National Assembly to adopt some sort of new machine as a more humane method of capital punishment.
		French physician Joseph-Ignace Guillotin did not invent the guillotine, but did try to convince France to adopt some sort of new machine as a more humane method of capital punishment.
	wywy.essortment.com /guillotinehisto_rgxj.htm (878 words)

	Belarus [Definition]
		Belarus is also the only country in Europe where capital punishment Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offense or a capital crime.
		Belarus borders Poland The Republic of Poland, a country in Central Europe, lies between Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania and Russia (in the form of the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave) to the north.
		Belarus is primarily inhabited by Belarusians Belarusians, also spelt Belarusans, Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorussians are a distinct ethnic group of East Slavs who are the major population of Belarus, also being minorities in the neighboring Poland (especially Bialystok province), Russia, Lithuania and Ukraine.
	www.wikimirror.com /Belarus (878 words)

	Encyclopedia: Death penalty
		However, like many questions in the social sciences, actual research data on this question can be (and is) interpreted very differently by people with differing predispositions towards capital punishment.
		As a result of this, Europe is a continent free of the death penalty in practice (all states having ratified the Sixth Protocol), with the sole exception of Belarus, which is not a member of the Council of Europe.
		Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offense or a capital crime.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Death-penalty (4294 words)

	Executions continue as US rejects worldwide moratorium on the death penalty
		For the most part, however, actions by the courts and state governments placing certain restrictions on the implementation of capital punishment are aimed at defending the “integrity” of the barbaric practice, not at abolishing it.
		As officials prepared for Bridges' execution, the state Senate approved a measure to outlaw capital punishment in Nevada for two years in order to conduct a study to determine whether capital punishment was fairly meted out in the state.
		Renate Wohlwend, the Council of Europe's special representative on the abolition of the death penalty, may recommend that the US be expelled from its observer status with the Council of Europe, which it has held since 1996, due to its stand on executions.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2001/apr2001/exec-a27.shtml (1887 words)

	Guillotine history
		During this period in Europe, capital punishment was the typical sentence for criminals guilty of crimes ranging from murder to petty theft.
		Monsieur Guillotin's only connection to the device lies in his efforts to convince the French National Assembly to adopt some sort of new machine as a more humane method of capital punishment.
		The guillotine remained a popular form of capital punishment well into the 20h century.
	wywy.essortment.com /guillotinehisto_rgxj.htm (878 words)

	List of prisons -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Lefortovo prison, (A city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation) Moscow, (A federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state) Russia
		(additional info and facts about Lubyanka prison) Lubyanka prison, (A city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation) Moscow, (A federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state) Russia
		This page provides a list of (A correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment) Prisons by country.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/list_of_prisons.htm (2678 words)

	Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis-The Region - A Punishing Debate: Does the Death Penalty Detr Homicide? (June 2002)
		But whether Beccaria was right about the minimal deterrence of capital punishment, we may never know.
		Beccaria's theory of punishment explicitly assumed that people make rational economic choices about whether to violate laws based on their comparison of the costs and benefits of doing so.
		Though much of Beccaria's legal theory found widespread acceptance, the economic analysis of crime and punishment on which it rested remained in obscurity for centuries.
	woodrow.mpls.frb.fed.us /pubs/region/02-06/debate.cfm?js=0 (3183 words)

	Bob Spink: biography and encyclopedia article
		He is opposed to abortion (abortion: Termination of pregnancy) and wants to bring back capital punishment (capital punishment: Putting a condemned person to death).
		Dr Robert Michael Spink (born 1 August 1948) is a politician in the United Kingdom (United Kingdom: A monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/bob_spink (99 words)

	The Death Penalty: The International Context
		United Nations investigator calls on United States to halt executions until it can ensure fairness and impartiality in use of capital punishment: Press release, 3 April 1998.
		Five nations -- Azerbaijan, Estonia, Canada, Bulgaria and Lithuania -- abolished the death penalty for all crimes in 1998, and the United Kingdom abolished capital punishment for the last two remaining civil crimes for which it formerly could be used.
		Death Penalty News, March 1997: The United Nations calls for a halt to executions; the Council of Europe condemns Russia and Ukraine for continuing executions; the American Bar Association calls for a moratorium on executions in the USA; other news from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Libya, North Korea, and Zaire; and Arkansas and Puerto Rico in the USA.
	justice.uaa.alaska.edu /death/intl.html (3601 words)

	Society Fresh : Article 'Anti-American sentiment'
		In some countries, particularly in Europe, American retention of capital punishment contributes to the general view that the United States continued to engage in barbarous practices, which is occasionally perceived as a contradiction to America's insistence on human rights.
		Canadians generally have more progressive attitudes than most Americans, so it is little surprise that Canadians find American views on the welfare state, feminism, abortion, capital punishment, relations with Cuba, the environment, same-sex rights, the war on drugs, immigration, the Star Wars program, and the war in Iraq as either extremely conservative, or an overreaction.
		Europeans often profess being shocked by the widespread popular support the death penalty continues to have in the United States, where as of May 2004 all but 12 U.S. states (as well as all U.S. territories, such as Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico) have the death penalty.
	www.society-fresh.net /DisplayArticleFull239475.html (5326 words)

	BBC NEWS World Americas Schwarzenegger 'damages Austria'
		Mr Pilz said: "Capital punishment is unacceptable in Austria and in Europe, and no Austrian citizen may take part in it or arrange it."
		In Graz, near Mr Schwarzenegger's birthplace of Thal, the Greens have been campaigning to rename Schwarzenegger Stadium, a sports venue, over his support for capital punishment.
		Mr Pilz said Austrian law states that citizenship can be revoked if an Austrian "in the service of another country substantially damages the interests or reputation of the republic by his or her behaviour."
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/americas/4198633.stm (5326 words)

	SSRN-Cutting the Branches for Akiba: Agamben's Critique of Derrida by Adam Thurschwell
		Keywords: Agamben, Derrida, Continental philosophy, death penalty, capital punishment
		Finally, in the concluding section I try to bring these abstractions down to earth by showing how they play out concretely in one area of law that provides an excellent test for Agamben's political theorizing, the United States Supreme Court's current constitutional limitations on capital punishment.
		This article appears in an anthology of essays that consider the political thought of one of Europe's leading contemporary philosophers, Giorgio Agamben.
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=672684 (457 words)

	A French Description of Corporal and other Punishments in Russia Under Nicholas I
		In 1760, under the reign of the indolent and luxurious Elizabeth, who had abolished capital punishment, Madame Lapoukin, a woman of rare beauty, of which the Czarina was envious, was condemned to the knout and transportation, in spite of the privilege of the nobility never to suffer the former punishment.
		Not content with having their citadel under water, as well as the hut which its founder caused to be constructed at a few paces' distance, in order to superintend the works, they have built their capital on the same level, although they had experience to warn them against such a step.
		He was born in the neighbourbood of Viborg, and consequently a freeman, by the same right as the Swedes, who were the first people of Europe to live under a constitutional government.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Knout.html (3474 words)

	List of prisons -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Lefortovo prison, (A city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation) Moscow, (A federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state) Russia
		This page provides a list of (A correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment) Prisons by country.
		(additional info and facts about La Santé Prison) La Santé Prison, (The capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce) Paris
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/list_of_prisons.htm (2678 words)

	The Use of Children as Soldiers in Africa report
		These international treaties, to which Uganda is a party, clearly prohibit capital punishment for those under 18 years of age at the time of the commission of the offence.
		Similar research is being conducted into the military recruitment of children and their use as soldiers in armed conflict in Asia, Europe, and the Americas.
		Military officers in the capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo went beyond prosecution recommendations for life imprisonment and imposed a capital sentence.
	www.reliefweb.int /library/documents/chilsold.htm (15068 words)

	UKRAINIAN EXTERNAL AFFAIRS
		Borys Oliinyk of Ukraine, vice-president of the Council of Europe's Parliamentary Assembly, maintained that it was impossible to fully abolish capital punishment in Ukraine at present.
		Ukrainian Foreigh Minister Borys Tarasyuk said in London on 2 February 1999 that the expansion of NATO and the EU to embrace Eastern European countries--including Ukraine--would create a "double bulwark" of democracy and freedom in Europe.
		Boris Tarasyuk on 7 February again endorsed NATO expansion and argued that Moscow should not speak for Soviet successor states on matters related to the alliance.
	www.users.bigpond.com /kyroks/ukrexaf2.html (15068 words)

	Homepage: Department of Sociology, University of Oxford
		A sample of recent theses include A Risky Business: How Sex Workers Manage Their Clients, Community and Conscience, Social and Political Generations in Contemporary Britain, Social Capital in East-Central Europe and Hoods and Provos: Crime and Punishment in West Belfast.
		Recent books by Oxford sociologists include Making Sense of Suicide Missions (Gambetta 2005), Understanding Social Change (Heath, Ermisch and Gallie 2005), Social Mobility in Europe (Breen 2004), A History of Sociology in Britain (Halsey 2004) and Families in Ageing Societies (Harper 2004).
		Sociology at Oxford has a distinguished history: some of the more illustrious names include Jean Floud, John Goldthorpe, A. Halsey, Michael Hechter, Stephen Lukes, Clyde Mitchell and Frank Parkin.
	www.sociology.ox.ac.uk (276 words)

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