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Topic: Treaty of Capitulation

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	Treaty of Cahuenga - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The treaty was approved by Lieutenant-Colonel John C. Fremont and General Andrés Pico on January 13, 1847 on the kitchen table of Tomás Feliz's six-room adobe house at Campo de Cahuenga in what is now North Hollywood, Los Angeles, California.
		The treaty allowed the Californios who fought under the Mexican Flag to return home after giving up their artillery, and provided that all prisoners from both sides be immediately freed.
		Under the later Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848), Mexico formally ceded Alta California and other territories to the United States and the disputed border of Texas was fixed at the Rio Grande / Río Bravo del Norte.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Cahuenga (197 words)

	[No title]
		If the treaty requires the payment of money to carry it into effect, and the money cannot be raised but by an act of the legislature, the treaty is morally obligatory upon the legislature to pass the law, and to refuse it would be a breach of public faith.
		Treaties of every kind, when made by the competent authority, are as obligatory upon nations as private contracts are binding upon individuals; and they are to receive a fair and liberal interpretation, according to the intention of the contracting parties, and to be kept with the most scrupulous good faith.
		Where treaties contemplate a permanent arrangement of national rights, or which by their terms are meant to provide for the event of an intervening war, it would be against every principle of just interpretation to hold them extinguished by the event of war.
	www.constitution.org /jk/jk_008.htm (6238 words)

	AHA Information: Charles Gibson Presidential Address (1977) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Capitulations, which are more complicated and, in the present context, more relevant, appeared when Moslems submitted to Christians, principally (at least as far as my reading went) in the final decade of the Granada war, between 1482 and 1492.
		Capitulations might be signed by the Christian monarchs alone or by the Christian monarchs and the local Moslem leader together, and they recorded the privileges granted or the conditions imposed by the Christian conquerors on their newly incorporated subjects.
		But in all the cases that we know the capitulations were as much the outcome of negotiations between the two parties as were the peace treaties themselves, and they were very close to treaties in their historical significance and role.
	www.historians.org /INFO/AHA_History/cgibson.htm (7514 words)

	The Mexican War and California: The Treaty of Campo de Cahuenga
		This was a significant treaty that led indirectly to California's statehood by ending rival hostilities in California for the duration of the Mexican War.
		In accordance with the terms of the treaty, two cannon were surrendered, the howitzer captured from Gen. Kerny at San Pasqual, and the "Old Woman's Gun" that won the battle of Dominguez Ranch.
		The treaty was consolidated into the final treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of February 2, 1848, between the United States and Mexico.
	www.militarymuseum.org /Cahuenga.html (989 words)

	capitulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Later capitulations, which in the case of China and other Asian states resulted from military pressure by European states, came to be regarded as (and, in effect, were) humiliating derogations from the sovereignty and equality of these states.
		The capitulation system spread widely in the 17th, 18th, and early 19th centuries, when traders from the West were spreading Western influence by a process of infiltration rather than by annexation.
		In both Turkey and China, the existence of capitulations led to the development of a class immune from local jurisdiction--protégés of a foreign power, who, because they were employed by foreigners, claimed partial immunity from their own laws and were particularly useful as pawns in diplomatic intrigue.
	www.naqshbandi.org /ottomans/history/capitulation.htm (727 words)

	Capitulation (treaty) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Thus in Turkey arrangements termed capitilations, and treaties confirmatory of them, have been made between the Porte and other states by which foreigners resident in Turkey are subject to the laws of their respective countries.
		In the new treaty of 1661 with Sweden the privileges secured were those which any foreigner whatsoever doth or shall enjoy in the said dominions and kingdoms on both sides.
		The English capitulations date from 1569, and then secured the same treatment as the Venetians, French, Poles and the subjects of the emperor of Germany; they were revised in 1675, and as then settled were confirmed by treaties of subsequent date now and for ever.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Capitulation_(treaty) (533 words)

	TREATY BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM
		Nothing in the present Treaty is intended to or shall in any way prejudice the rights and obligations which devolve or may devolve upon either of the contracting parties under the Charter of the United Nations or from any special agreements concluded in virtue of Article 43 of the Chapter.
		Should any difference arise relative to the application or the interpretation of the present Treaty, and should the contracting parties fail to settle such difference by direct negotiations, the difference shall be deferred to the International Court of Justice unless the parties agree to another mode of settlement.
		It has been negotiated in relation to the treaty of transfer, the provisions of which in regard to the international obligations of either party, the settlement of disputes and to similar matters will apply in respect of this Agreement subject to the provisions of the treaty.
	www.ibiblio.org /obl/docs/1947_treaty.htm (3383 words)

	[No title]
		Second, the treaty is, in essence, a non-proliferation arrangement and one of its principal effects is to place a qualitative cap on the nuclear potential of India.
		Against such a draft treaty, the first and predictable Indian objection was that the nuclear weapon states led by the United States were bent on perpetuating the discriminatory nuclear order, the UGNB.
		Capitulating to the Unequal Global Nuclear Bargain by means of joining the CTBT cannot be entertained, or allowed, as the way out of the present mess.
	www.hindu.com /fline/fl1520/15200200.htm (3263 words)

	The German Capitulation Tangle \| Germany \| Deutsche Welle \| 08.05.2005
		The Russian hosts couldn't find a central location for the signing of the treaty in 1945 due to the massive destruction caused by the war bombs and the recently-concluded battles and the building in Karlshorst was one the few that was still left intact.
		The room, where the capitulation treaty was signed, has been meticulously preserved down to the smallest detail.
		In November 1918, the surrender treaty was signed by a civilian politician and a relatively unknown general.
	www.dw-world.de /dw/article/0,1564,1577141,00.html (1013 words)

	The Continuing Arab-Israeli Conflict
		Consequently, Arab attitudes have remained the same toward Israel as before the treaties, and vilification of Israel is the norm in state-run newspapers and public discourse.
		Any treaty that did not include such acknowledgement, or did not include a gesture that could be so rationalized, was regarded as an illegal collaboration with the infidel.
		Yasir Arafat, signer of the Oslo treaty committing to a two-state solution, still proclaimed in 2003, "The State of Israel was created by the force of arms, by colonial conspiracy, on the rubble of our homeland Palestine, and our people were uprooted and displaced in their homeland and in exile....
	www.peacewithrealism.org /jewarab7.htm (1425 words)

	[No title]
		Treaty of capitulation of New Sweden to New Netherlands (September 1655).
		Treaty of capitulation of New Netherlands to England (August 1664).
		Treaty of the Louisiana Purchase (30 April 1803).
	wyshs.org /wlarhis.txt (532 words)

	Muster at Gonzales & Battle of Bexar 7
		Capitulation Entered Into By General Martin Perfecto De Cos, Of The Permanent Troops, And General Edward Burleson, Of The Colonial Troops Of Texas.
		That duplicates of this capitulation be made out in Castilian and English, and signed by the commissioners appointed, and ratified by the commanders of both armies.
		Because if we were going to solicit some reasonable treaty with the enemy it was almost a requirement that the city be not abandoned but rather that there be some troops to support us and that we might require to withdraw.
	www.tamu.edu /ccbn/dewitt/musterbexar7.htm (5676 words)

	Did William Clark Cause the Black Hawk War
		Clark wrote that Black Hawk's band "have afforded sufficient evidence not only of their entire disregard of treaties, but also of their deep-rooted hostility in shedding the blood of our women and children, a War of extermination should be waged against them." [italics are Clark's].
		At the end of the war, the victorious Sauks lost the war because of the British capitulation in the Treaty of Ghent.
		According to treaty, Sauks don't have to vacate land until the land is surveyed and sold by the government.
	www.usgennet.org /usa/mo/county/stlouis/native/clark-blackhawkwar.htm (1375 words)

	Places, Earth, Campo de Cahuenga
		The Treaty of Cahuenga ended the hostilities between Mexico and the United States in California and this lead to the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo which ended the Mexican-American War (1846-1848) and ceded California to the United States.
		The Treaty of Cahuenga was instrumental in ending the conflict between United States and Mexico over the territory that is now the United State Southwest, the states of California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Texas, and parts of Colorado and other adjoining states.
		Ironically, after the signing, Fremont was court-martialed because he did not have the authority to sign the treaty but was pardoned by President Poke who had secretly given orders to Fremont to foster rebellion in California.
	www.placesearth.com /USA/California/LA/code/cahuenga.htm (1787 words)

	A BRIEF HISTORY OF MOORISH SPAIN
		and his nobles; and a treaty was at length concluded in 1464, in which it was agreed that Mohammed of Granada should hold his kingdom under the protection of Castile, and should pay an annual subsidy or tribute of twelve thousand gold ducats.
		It was thus, on the death, in 1466, of this Mohammed Ismail of Granada, that a vexed and harassed throne was inherited by his son Muley Abul Eassan, ever famous in history and romance as "The old king", the last independent sovereign of Granada.
		Under cover of the treaty with Boabdil, this devilish enginery of destruction was steadily pushed forward, while the old king and his more vigorous brother El Zagal were prevented by domestic treason from making any effectual defense of their fatherland.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/MoorSpan.html (4460 words)

	mauritius english period 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The condition under the Capitulation Treaty was very flexible with no major changes in the laws and customs of the people.
		Under the Capitulation Treaty signed by General de Caen, Governor of Ile de France and General John Abercrombie, Captain of the British forces, the settlers were given a lot of concessions.
		Britain had already abolished slave trade in its colonies but when Isle de France capitulated to the British in 1810, a deal passed between the British Government and the settlers on the preservation of their laws and customs.
	mauritius.voyaz.com /english_period_2.htm (935 words)

	Chronology 1941
		Vichy French and Thai delegates negotiated a treaty whereby Thailand regained territory west of the Mekong River.
		The Soviet and Japanese governments signed a Treaty of Neutrality, which pledged both countries to remain neutral in the event of a war with a third party.
		This treaty kept the Turks out of the war in Europe and protected the German's flank for the planned invasion of the Soviet Union.
	www.indiana.edu /~league/1941.htm (4715 words)

	Sport \| Vandort leads long-awaited Burgher rebellion
		The Burghers who chose to stay in Ceylon, as Sri Lanka was then known, after the British took control from the Dutch in the late 18th century could do so only after they had signed a Treaty of Capitulation.
		The Vandorts have had a presence in the country since Cornelis Jansz Van Dort, born in Utrecht, docked on the ship Bellois in the fortified town of Galle in 1700.
		As Vandort reached a painstaking hundred by square-driving Andrew Flintoff, he could not even be sure that he would merit a cricket oil painting by Jocelyn Galsworthy.
	sport.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,329491491-108356,00.html (839 words)

	THE MEXICAN WAR IN CALIFORNIA
		The next morning, accompanied by only Don Jesus, I rode over to the camp of the Californians, and, in a conference with Don Andreas, the important features of a treaty of capitulation were agreed upon.
		Because their agreement had been so amicable, Pico at once organized a fiesta for Fremont and his men in California that, after decades of turmoil, was finally at peace.
		A few weeks later, at Kearny's instigation, Fremont was court-martialed for his actions at the time of the capitulation and convicted of insubordination.
	www.aztecclub.com /campo/campo2.htm (1570 words)

	The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, by Edward Gibbon (chapter51)
		In the public anarchy, the independent governors of the cities and castles obtained their separate capitulations: the terms were granted or imposed by the esteem, the prudence, or the compassion, of the victors; and a simple profession of faith established the distinction between a brother and a slave.
		But the terms of truce or capitulation were faithfully observed; and the lieutenant of the caliph, who had promised not to enter the walls of the captive Baalbec, remained tranquil and immovable in his tent till the jarring factions solicited the interposition of a foreign master.
		The credulous Greek was deceived: he listened to the offer of a treaty, and his prisoners were dismissed in the hope of a more respectable embassy, till the joyful acclamations of the camp announced the return of their general, and insulted the folly of the infidels.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /g/gibbon/edward/g43d/chapter51.html (18207 words)

	Vichy France, Free French, Operation Torch
		The two primary American strategic objectives are to dissuade the Petain government from allowing Axis forces to use French colonial bases and to prevent the Axis from controlling the French Fleet.
		The French Army was disgraced during the German invasion of 1940.
		Most standing forces were disbanded following the Treaty of Capitulation.
	mason.gmu.edu /~ssledge/situation1.htm (1095 words)

	Hieroglyphs
		However, before the institute could embark on any serious research, it became clear that the French army was on the verge of being defeated by the advancing British forces.
		The French moved the Rosetta Stone from Cairo to the relative safety of Alexandria, but, ironically, when the French finally surrendered, Article XVI of the Treaty of Capitulation handed all the antiquities in Alexandria to the British, whereas those in Cairo were allowed to return to France.
		In 1802, the priceless slab of fl basalt (measuring 118 cm in height, 77 cm in width and 30 cm in thickness, and weighing three quarters of a tonne) was sent to Portsmouth on board HMS L’Egyptienne, and later that year it took up residence at the British Museum, where it has remained ever since.
	www.simonsingh.net /Hieroglyphs.html (1778 words)

	Camp de Cahuenga - Things To Do In Los Angeles
		A modern community recreation building, which honors the memory of General John C. Fremont and General Andres Pico, and the Treaty of Cahuenga, signed here January 13, 1847.
		Only a few of the thousands who drive past Campo de Cahuenga every day on busy Lankershim Boulevard, realize that they are passing one of the most important spots in United States history with respect both to the great Southwest and the entire nation.
		This military treaty, or capitulation, was followed the next year by the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in Mexico, by which California became part of the United States.
	www.laokay.com /CampodeCahuenga.htm (166 words)

	Chatper 3: The Royal Treasure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In nearly every surviving treaty of capitulation between Muslims and Christians similar guarantees were made of the perpetual inviolability of Muslim law and juridical process,
		In fact, of the nineteen cases between Muslims summarized in the table appended to this chapter, fourteen of the trials were conducted in clear violation Muslim treaty agreements and the laws of Valencia.
		In treaties of capitulation between Muslims and the conquistadores, therefore, there was nearly always a clause guaranteeing the right of the conquered peoples to their own law, the çuna, by which they regulated their personal lives as well as their communal affairs.
	libro.uca.edu /boswell/rt3.htm (10193 words)

	Stories Behind the Movies, The Patriot, Chapter 18 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		An ardent desire to spare the further effusion of Blood, will readily incline me to listen to such terms for the surrender of your Posts of York and Gloucester, as are admissible.
		I agree to open a treaty of capitulation upon the basis of the garrisons of York and Gloucester...
		Although the Treaty of Paris, formally ending the war, would not be signed for two more years, the fighting
	www.lawbuzz.com /movies/the_patriot/patriot_ch18.htm (277 words)

	WebRoots Library U.S. Military (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The substance of the treaty is, that the troops under the command of General Burgoyne shall march out of their camp with the honors of war and their field-artillery, to the place assigned, where their arms and artillery shall be piled at the command of their own officers.
		It is a circumstance characteristic of the amiable and benevolent disposition of General Gates, that, unwilling to aggravate the painful feelings of the royal troops, he would not permit the American soldiery to witness the degrading act of piling their arms.
		So very tenacious were the British of the trivial points of military honor, that, after they had signed the "treaty of capitulation," as it was termed, they required that the term should be altered to "treaty of convention," in which they were indulged by General Gates, as being of little consequence on our part.
	www.webroots.org /library/usamilit/mjdtar03.html (15836 words)

	Letters of Surrender at Yorktown
		If your Excellency thinks that a continuance of the suspensions of hostilities will be necessary, to transmit your answer, I shall have no objection to the hour that you may propose.
		I have to add, that I expect the Sick and Wounded will be supplied with their own Hospital Stores, and be attended by British Surgeons, particularly charged with the Care of them.
		I shall, in particular, desire, that the Bonetta sloop of war may be left entirely at my disposal, from the hour that the capitulation is signed, to receive an aid-de-camp to carry my dispatches to Sir Henry Clinton.
	www.historyplace.com /unitedstates/revolution/letters.htm (716 words)

	Florida Timeline
		In return for its assistance to the colonies, the treaty allowed Spain to reoccupy Florida.
		Fifty-six commissioners elected from Florida's 20 counties gathered at St. Joseph to draft a constitution in anticipation of statehood.
		The Act establishing statehood for Iowa and Florida was approved on March 3, by the second session of the 28th Congress.
	www.floridamemory.com /timeline (2538 words)

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