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Topic: Caprinae

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	Subfamily Caprinae or chamois, goats, serows, sheep, and relatives
		Subfamily Caprinae or chamois, goats, serows, sheep, and relatives
		The subfamily Caprinae is one of the 9 subfamilies that comprise the family Bovidae, which includes the subfamily Bovinae and comprises the bison, buffalo, and wild and domestic cattle.
		Horn growth in Caprinae is affected by several factors including age and nutrition, and analysis of annual horn increments can be used to interpret past events.
	www.thewebsiteofeverything.com /animals/mammals/Artiodactyla/Bovidae/Caprinae.html (181 words)

	Caprinae
		]Fossil Caprinae" title="Fossil Caprinae"> ]Naemorhedus" title="Naemorhedus"> ]Capra" title="Capra"> ]Ovis" title="Ovis"> ]Hemitragus" title="Hemitragus"> ]Ovibos moschatus" title="Ovibos moschatus"> ]Pseudois" title="Pseudois"> ]Ammotragus lervia" title="Ammotragus lervia"> ]Rupicapra" title="Rupicapra"> ]Oreamnos americanus" title="Oreamnos americanus"> ]Budorcas taxicolor" title="Budorcas taxicolor">
		Gentry, A. Caprinae and Hippotragini (Bovidae, Mammalia) in the Upper Miocene.
		Multivariate morphometrische Analysen der Gattung Ovis Linnaeus, 1758 (Mammalia, Caprinae).
	tolweb.org /Caprinae (562 words)

	Chèvre et fromage de chèvres du GIE Capriferm en Bourgogne du Sud
		Il a été dit que tous les descendants du genre Homos et tous les descendants de la sous-famille Caprinae vivront désormais en symbiose...
		Inutile de vous dire que cet accord cadre a été très difficile à mettre en application et plusieurs millénaires seront nécessaires, mais pour le genre Homos il annoncera le vrai début de la sédentarisation et donc de l'agriculture.
		Et nous les Caprinae : L'espèce Capra hircus (chèvre domestique) est maintenant présente dans tout le Bassin Méditerranéen...
	www.fromage-de-chevres.com (1181 words)

	IUCN
		However, despite the importance of their domestic relations, most wild Caprinae are poorly understood and in danger of being lost forever.
		Caprinae can be conserved and provide a wide range of sustainable substantial benefits to humans if reliable and accurate data on their demographics and distributions are gathered immediately.
		It should be the task of the IUCN/SSC Caprinae Specialist Group to establish and co-ordinate a Taxonomy Group comprised of scientists and lay specialists in various disciplines to revise the subfamily's taxonomy.
	www.iucn.org /themes/ssc/pubs/caprinae.htm (662 words)

	ANTELOPE, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Antelope of the subfamily Bovinae are the oxlike giant eland; the kudu; the broad-horned, elusive bongo; the East African dik-dik, the smallest in this subfamily; the shy four-horned antelope; the marshbuck, or sitatunga; the nyala; and the nilgai, or blue bull, which is revered in India for its color.
		The subfamily Caprinae contains the Siberian saiga, an antelope with a very large nose and with horns that the Chinese grind and use as medicine.
		CHAMOIS, (q.v.) of the European mountains, the American Rocky Mountain goat, and the large, golden takin, which is found in the Himalayas.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..an111600.a#FWNE.fw..an111600.a (526 words)

	the chiemgau impact event
		Bone 2 (excavation pit 11, image 2) belongs to the left astragalus (talus bone of the ankle) of a deer, probably a red deer (possibly a fallow deer).
		Caprinae include sheep and chamois but also goats and the ibex (capricorn).
		It is left to assumptions whether the animals perished on impact or whether the skeletons existed already and were smashed and intermixed in the impact breccia.
	www.chiemgau-impact.com /archiv.html (662 words)

	ikk pub 5
		In contrast, the aetiology of IKC in wild Caprinae in the French, Italian and Slovenian Alps is unknown, and in Austria M. conjunctivae has been isolated on only one occasion from the eyes of an affected chamois.
		In Italy, the first cases of IKC in wild Caprinae were reported in 1943/44, when some ibexes of the Gran Paradiso National Park showed typical lesions.
		Considering susceptibility of wild Caprinae to M. conjunctivae-infections, it suggests that this bacterium is spread as the aetiological agent of ICK in chamois and ibexes in the Italian Alps.
	www.wildvet-projects.ch /d_ikk_pub_5.htm (910 words)

	The Hindu : Kerala / Kochi News : Mountain ungulates meet in Munnar
		It is the first time in the history of Caprinae Specialist Group that a conference is being held in Asia," said Mohan Alambath, special member of the Caprinae group of IUCN.
		The third world conference was held in Saragossa, Spain, in 2002, where the status of Caprinae and their habitats were discussed in detail, said Mr.
		That meeting launched the writing of the IUCN action plan for Caprinae and surveyed the global status of all species in the family Caprinae.
	www.hindu.com /2006/06/30/stories/2006063001310200.htm (428 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Molecular dating of caprines using ancient DNA sequences of Myotragus balearicus, an ...
		Although the quick radiation of all the Caprinae [12] and the short cytochrome b fragment retrieved (338 bp) made the previous analysis difficult, our data indicated that Myotragus was genetically close to the sheep (Ovis) group.
		The 96 base pairs sequence obtained from Myotragus is similar to that found in other Caprinae (Table 3), and clearly different to the human one and to the cow, a suggested source of contamination because of the use of BSA (bovine serum albumine) in ancient DNA amplifications.
		The complete resolution of the Caprinae phylogeny cannot be achieved with the cytochrome b gene alone, as some species of the subfamily (specially of the genera Budorcas, Oreamnos, Rupicapra, Ammotragus and Pantholops) still have an unstable position.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2148/5/70 (5585 words)

	Mammals of Pakistan: Wild Sheep and Goats and their Relatives (Caprinae) of Pakistan
		It is home to seven species with 11 subspecies of Caprinae, that occupy an array of habitats from the hills in the southern deserts to the high alpine areas of the Himalayas.
		This is an animal of the high alpine zone throughout the Himalaya, and its distribution is probably limited by the high snow cover during winter.
		The Caprinae are a subfamily of the family Bovidae, the horned ungulates, that include three tribes, the Rupicaprini or goat-antelopes, the Caprini containing sheep and goats, and the Ovibovini with muskoxen and takin.
	www.wildlifeofpakistan.com /MammalsofPakistan/wildsheepandgoatsofPakistan.htm (562 words)

	The Hindu : Mission Tahr in `Goat's Own Country'
		Eravikulam is the abode of this mountain caprinae in India.
		After publishing his first photo book - `Reminiscence from Goat's Own Country' - on the life of the Nilgiri tahr, a rare caprinae species that is on the verge of extinction, during all the four seasons.
		The Nilgiri tahr, once on the verge of extinction, is conserved in the national parks of Eravikulam, Silent Valley and the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary in the State.
	www.hindu.com /lf/2004/07/29/stories/2004072900680200.htm (271 words)

	THE TAKIN AND MUSKOX: RELATIONSHIP MUSK NOT BE TAKIN FOR GRANTED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		I used sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to test the hypothesis that the takin and muskox are sister taxa.
		The paucity of Caprinae fossils has prevented calibration of the rate of evolution for this subfamily, but the relative times can be considered valid.
		Clearly, similarities between the species cannot be attributed to a common phylogeny and shared genetic heritage, but demonstrate the force of natural selection and convergent evolution in selecting for development of similar characteristics in separate lineages.
	www.uaf.edu /lars/document_links/doclink20.html (409 words)

	Goat - TvWiki, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The animal most commonly known as a "goat" is the domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), a domesticated subspecies of the Wild Goat.
		Goats are bovids (members of the family Bovidae) and caprins (subfamily Caprinae).
		This mismatch of chromosomes means any offspring of a sheep-goat pairing is generally stillborn (the famous geep is a chimera, not a hybrid).
	www.tvwiki.tv /wiki/Goat (1491 words)

	Infectious keratoconjunctivitis of ibex, chamois and other Caprinae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In contrast, the disease is endemic and self-maintained in the domestic sheep population.
		Spillover of the agent from sheep living in proximity during summer may be the origin of point-source epidemics in wild Caprinae.
		Alpine chamois — Alpine ibex — Caprinae — Clinical disease — Epidemiology — Infectious keratoconjunctivitis — Mycoplasma conjunctivae — Sheep.
	www.oie.int /eng/publicat/rt/2102/A_R2128.htm (292 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Protoryx enanus from MN-7 (European Faunal zone, Mammal Neogene 7 late-middle Miocene) is thought to represent the earliest occurrence of the Caprinae (Gentry and Heinzmann 1996; Köhler 1987).
		Vrba and Schaller (2000) suggest that Pachytragus is ancestral to the Caprini and that the group Pantholops-Caprinae experienced rapid evolution during the late Miocene.
		Tossunnoria (late Miocene; Tsaidam Basin, China; Bohlin 1937) may be the predecessor of Sivacapra (late Pliocene; Pinjor Formation, Siwaliks, Pakistan; Pilgrim 1939) possibly the predecessor of the extant and extinct forms of Hemitragus (Himalayan tahr), part of a goat lineage within Caprini.
	palaeo-electronica.org /2005_1/mead11/early.htm (229 words)

	cogne 04
		For the development of measures to control diseases it is of crucial importance to distinguish infections which are self-maintained in wild Caprinae populations (e.g.
		In some diseases such as orf, pseudotuberculosis and paratuberculosis, the question whether wild Caprinae do maintain the infection or not is still open.
		To prevent diseases it is of particular importance to improve health status and tending of domestic livestock and to consider appropriate translocation policies of wild animals.
	www.wildvet-projects.ch /e_cogne_04.htm (536 words)

	4th World Congress On Mountain Ungulates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		That meeting launched the writing of the IUCN Action Plan for Caprinae that surveyed the global status of all species in the family Caprinae and provided guidelines for the conservation of mountain ungulates.
		The third World Conference on Mountain Ungulates was held in Saragossa (Aragon,Spain) in 2002 where the status of Caprinae and their habitats were the subject of much discussion.
		It is the first time in the history of Caprinae Specialist Group that a conference is being held in Asia.
	wmcu2006.org /profile.htm (828 words)

	The Pan Historian: Animalia Edition June 2005
		Note that the Rocky Mountain Goat, despite its name, is not considered a true goat by scientists as it belongs to the genus Oreamnos, although they are indeed a member of the subfamily Caprinae.
		The genus Capra consists of nine species, which are found in the commonly known groupings of the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat.
		They are the largest members, physically, of the Caprinae subfamily.
	www.panhistoria.com /www/panhistorian/capridchronicles.html (1038 words)

	Goat antelope
		A goat antelope is any of the 26 species of mostly medium-sized herbivores that make up the subfamily Caprinae or the single species in subfamily Panthalopinae.
		The domestic sheep and domestic goat are both part of the goat antelope group, and the group itself is part of the family Bovidae, which in other branches contains the antelopes and domestic cattle.
		Subfamily Antilopinae[?]: gazelles, dwarf antelopes and the Sagia, 38 species in 14 genera
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ca/Caprinae.html (475 words)

	The Ultimate Bovid - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Caprinae A bovid is any of almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed mammals belonging to the family Bovidae.
		The family is widespread, being native to all continents except Australia and Antarctica, and diverse: members include buffalo, bison, antelopes, gazelles, and both wild and domesticated cattle, sheep, goats, and water buffalo.
		Subfamily Caprinae: sheep, goats, 26 species in 12 genera
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Bovid (537 words)

	Safari Club International \| Wildlife Conservation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Many species of the wild sheep and goat of the world (the "Caprinae") are listed as protected or regulated species.
		Some scientists consider most of the Caprinae to be thinly distributed, however even they acknowledge that many populations are healthy and can sustain hunting programs.
		Also, there are good examples of hunting programs contributing to the conservation of the Caprinae family.
	www.safariclub.org /static/index.cfm?contentID=382 (120 words)

	Amazon.com: Caprinae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Neotragini (dwarf and delicate) Subfamily: Caprinae (goats and sheep, mild-cold climate...
		Phylogenctics of the Caprinae based on cytochrome b sequence.
		occurs in the bovid subfamily Caprinae (sheep and goats), in caribou,...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Caprinae&tag=tabularasa0f&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (1081 words)

	Molecular Insights into the Evolution of the Family Bovidae: A Nuclear DNA Perspective -- Matthee and Davis 18 (7): ...
		Caprinae; and a group of African antelopes containing the impala,
		Groves P., G. Shields, 1996 Phylogenetics of the Caprinae based on cytochrome b sequence Mol.
		Halanych K. Robinson, 1999 Multiple substitutions affect the phylogenetic utility of cytochrome b and 12S rDNA data: examining a rapid radiation in leporid (Lagomorpha) evolution J. Mol.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/7/1220 (5271 words)

	Ficus information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The fruit/flower is pollinated by small wasps that crawl through the opening to fertilise the fruit.
		Figs come in two sexes: hermaphrodite (called caprifigs because only goats, members of the Caprinae subfamily, eat them) and female.
		Fig wasps grow in caprifigs; when they mature, they mate, and the females leave in search of immature figs to lay their eggs in.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Ficus (849 words)

	CSGhome
		The IUCN CSG includes experts on the ecology, behavior, taxonomy, conservation and management of wild Caprinae (wild sheep, goats, rupicaprinae, muskox and allies) from around the world.
		Disease transmission from domestic sheep and goats is a worldwide threat to wild mountain ungulates.
		Submissions for consideration in the newsletter are welcome from any biologist working on Caprinae.
	pages.usherbrooke.ca /mfesta/iucnwork.htm (264 words)

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