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Topic: Capsaicin

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	Capsaicin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Capsaicin and several related compounds are called capsaicinoids and are produced as a secondary metabolite by certain plants of the genus Capsicum (chile peppers), probably as deterrants against herbivores.
		Since capsaicin in its pure state is poorly soluble in water, but good in fat, oils, and pure alcohol, an often-heard advice is to eat fatty foods like buttered bread or beverages like whole milk or whipped cream, assuming that these would carry away the capsaicin and thus reduce the source of the burning.
		Capsaicin is used in topical ointments used to relieve the pain of peripheral neuropathy (for example post-herpetic neuralgia).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Capsaicin (1197 words)

	Topical capsaicin NNTs [Jul 1996; 29-6]
		Recent interest concerns the use of topical capsaicin as an analgesic for conditions where pain may not be responsive to classical analgesics.
		The odds ratio favouring capsaicin was 4.4 (2.8 - 6.9) and NNT was 3.4 (2.6 - 4.8).
		The odds ratio favouring capsaicin was 2.8 (1.7 - 4.6) and NNT was 3.9 (2.7 - 7.4).
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band29/b29-6.html (847 words)

	Capsaicin - Supplements
		In addition to the "confusion" that capsaicin induces in sensory nerves, it also results in a temporary depletion of neurotransmitters from sensory nerves — an effect that reduces the ability of the nerve to sense pain in other areas of the body.
		Capsaicin creams and supplements can not only cause a mild burning for the first few applications, but it can also cause severe discomfort if you get it in the wrong place (like your eyes).
		Caution should be used during pregnancy (to avoid gastrointestinal irritation) and lactation (because capsaicin may pass into breast milk and cause the milk to be unpalatable to the infant).
	www.supplementwatch.com /supatoz/supplement.asp?supplementId=65 (589 words)

	[No title]
		This integration is the reason eating foods containing capsaicin are perceived as being "hot." Capsaicin’s effect of depleting cell stores of the pain producing substance P and causing cell death evokes a gradual desensitization to the nociceptors stimulation, thus causing a numbing effect in the area of targeted sensory neurons.
		Capsaicin is the common name for (8-methyl N-vanillyl 6nonamide), the chemical component most well known for its inhabitance in the internal white ribs of chili peppers and its ability to produce the burning hot sensation of chili-laced spicy foods.
		Capsaicin’s ability to evince the same sensation as excessive heat or mechanical abrasion could thus be explained by thinking of it as chemically mimicking the actions of a physiological stimulus or an endogenous ligand produced on account of tissue injury.
	sulcus.berkeley.edu /mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_784.html (3258 words)

	The Nature of Capsaicin
		The capsaicin spreads unevenly throughout the inside of the pod and is concentrated mostly in the placental tissue.
		Capsaicin is an incredibly powerful and stable alkaloid seemingly unaffected by cold or heat, which retains its original potency despite time, cooking, or freezing.
		Pure capsaicin was administered intraveinously, subcutaneously, in the stomach, and applied topically until the animals died.
	www.fiery-foods.com /dave/capsaicin.asp (1384 words)

	MDidea Extracts Professional:Newly Developed Extracts Series:Capsicum P.E.Cayenne Pepper,La Jiao,10:1.Narrative
		Capsaicin had a general stimulatory effect on metabolism, similar to that of epinephrine; oxygen consumption was elevated, respiratory quotient was initially elevated, then decreased; and serum glucose and insulin levels were elevated, concomitant with a rapid decrease in liver glycogen, and a gradual increase in serum triglycerides.
		Capsaicin elicits a vasoconstrictive response in the large cerebral arteries of the cat (Saito et al., 1988), and in the middle and basilar cerebral arteries, an effect was attributed to a direct contraction of smooth muscle, since the response was independent of the presence of endothelium and nerve components.
		Capsaicin at pH 7.4 increased the conversion of glucose to lactic acid, indicating a stimulatory effect on glucose metabolism; however, at the lower pH value of 5.0, glucose metabolism was suppressed with a concomitant increase in glucose transport across the intestinal wall.
	www.mdidea.com /products/new/new005.html (7800 words)

	Trigeminal Neuralgia Resources: Capsaicin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Capsaicin cream, which comes in two strengths,.025 % and.075%, is also used to treat the neuropathic pain of postherpetic neuralgia.
		Researchers have found that capsaicin appears to work by "reducing substance P which is found at nerve endings and is involved in transmitting the pain signal to the brain." Clinical studies are emerging which indicate capsaicin cream is more effective than placebos in treating post-surgical neuropathic pain.
		Capsaicin is not considered a standard treatment for Trigeminal Neuralgia although at least one article in the literature indicates that it may be useful in treating trigeminal neuralgia.
	heelspurs.com /capsaicin.html (963 words)

	Capsaicin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Capsaicin is commonly prescribed for neuralgia associated with shingles, an acutely painful condition caused by infection with the varicella zoster virus, the same organism that causes chicken pox.
		Capsaicin is also used to relieve mild to moderate arthritis, diabetic neuropathy (pain caused by nerve cell damage that occurs as a complication of diabetes), and postoperative pain.
		When applied topically, capsaicin (a derivative of hot peppers) appears to reduce the amount of a natural chemical known as substance P, which is present in painful joints.
	www.wholehealthmd.com /refshelf/drugs_view/1,1524,84,00.html (628 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Capsaicin (Topical) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Capsaicin may also be used for neuralgias or itching of the skin caused by other conditions as determined by your doctor.
		Capsaicin is available without a prescription; however, your doctor may have special instructions on the proper use of this medicine.
		Although there is no specific information comparing use of capsaicin in the elderly with use in other age groups, this medicine is not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than it does in younger adults.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202626.html (1240 words)

	Capsaicin. DermNet NZ
		Capsaicin is a topical cream that has been found to help relieve pain from some arthritic conditions such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and neuralgic pain.
		The purified form capsaicin has been found to relieve pain by reducing substance P, which is found at nerve endings and is involved in transmitting neuralgic and arthritic pain signals to the brain.
		Capsaicin is approved for use for the symptomatic relief of pain associated with osteoarthritis (pain experienced in and around the joints when they are being used).
	dermnetnz.org /treatments/capsaicin.html (788 words)

	[No title]
		Capsaicin was found to exert a specific excitatory action on a subset of dorsal root ganglion neurons.
		Although capsaicin is generally thought to impair chemical and heat sensitivity through spinal afferent pathways, their experiment was not perfectly consistent with this hypothesis.
		Capsaicin's property of increasing calcium and other cation concentration also need to be carefully examined in relation with glutamate-induced "excitotoxicity" since both seems to be related with increase of nitric oxide, the neurotoxin.
	sulcus.berkeley.edu /mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_305.html (3102 words)

	Capsaicin - Spice, Medicine and Pepper Spray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Capsaicin or oleoresin capsicum is receiving a lot of attention for use as an anesthetic.
		Capsaicin destroys `substance P' which is the chemical nerve carrier the body uses to transmit pain signals to the brain.
		Because the activity of capsaicin is so specific and it affects only a particular type of neuron, its main clinical use has been in the form of a skin emollient to successfully treat the pain of shingles, diabetic neuropathy, arthritis, rheumatism, fibromyalgia, and other forms of chronic pain.
	www.bagelhole.org /drafts/Capsicain.html (2754 words)

	Capsaicin
		Capsaicin is being used in an analgesic agent in the treatment of painful disorders, causing long-term loss of responsiveness because it kills off the nociceptor, or it destroys the peripheral terminals.
		It was determined that this was the DNA-encoded aminoacid sequence of the protein that comprises the capsaicin receptor.
		Capsaicin is able to bind to a channel form either the exterior or the interior of the plasma membrane.
	student.biology.arizona.edu /honors98/group12/pepper.html (949 words)

	Facial Neuralgia Resources: Capsaicin Use for Oral Pain
		Capsaicin and its analogues are the active (hot) ingredients in chili peppers that produce burning pain by stimulating polymodal nociceptors, the predominant pain receptors found in skin and mucous membranes.
		The receptors are described as polymodal because they are multiply sensitive to noxious heat and mechanical and chemical stimuli.[26-28] It has been demonstrated experimentally that after ingesting capsaicin-containing foods or after capsaicin application to the oral mucosa, the severity of pain is directly proportional to the concentration of capsaicin present.
		Theoretically, when the concentration of capsaicin is increased to produce burning pain approximately equal to a patient's mucositis pain, mucositis pain may diminish or disappear as the sensation from capsaicin dissipates.
	facial-neuralgia.org /treatments/alternative/cap-oncolink.html (615 words)

	Harvard Gazette: Using chili peppers to burn drug abusers
		Capsaicin, the chemical responsible for the "hot" in peppers, acts on a protein that also responds to the heat and high acidity associated with painful inflammation in the joints and skin.
		In human volunteers, intravenous administration of capsaicin produces a widespread burning feeling of the chest, face, rectum and extremities as well as paroxysmal coughing." Otherwise, capsaicin appears to be safe.
		Capsaicin works by hitting on a protein known as TRPV1, which transports its fiery message into the nervous system via sensory nerves in the mouth and other areas.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/daily/2004/12/21-capsaicin.html (845 words)

	Neurogesx: NGX-4010
		Capsaicin appears to work by activating a membrane protein expressed on specialized dermal nerves (nociceptors) called the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a ligand-gated ion channel that is highly calcium permeable.
		Persistent activation of TRPV1 by an agonist such as capsaicin or trans-capsaicin permits high levels of calcium to enter the nociceptor, thereby raising intracellular calcium to a level that can result in extended impairment of nerve function.
		In an open-label multicenter study of 12 patients with painful HIV-associated neuropathy, patients treated with a 1-hour dermal application of high-concentration trans-capsaicin to the most painful areas of the feet reported a mean decrease from baseline in “average pain for the past 24 hours” of 40% (Figure 2).
	www.neurogesx.com /OrPtsNGX4010.html (475 words)

	Facial Neuralgia Resources: Capsaicin
		Capsaicin is available as a cream, a lotion and as a solid "stick" much like deodorant sticks.
		Capsaicin which comes in two strengths,.025 % and.075%, is also used to treat the neuropathic pain of postherpetic neuralgia.
		High concentrations of capsaicin (greater than 1%) have not been used in the past because of the intense burning caused by capsaicin application.
	facial-neuralgia.org /treatments/alternative/capsaicin.html (1858 words)

	Capsaicin
		Capsaicin is always found in the trans isomer because in cis, the -CH(CH3)2 and the longer chain on the other side of the double bond will be close together causing them to repel each other slightly, this steric hindrance does not exist in the trans isomer.
		Capsaicin is soluble in fats and oils but not in water.
		Capsaicin helps the metabolism of epoxide aromatic hydrocarbons, which interferes with their ability of bind to DNA (causing mutations).
	www.3dchem.com /molecules.asp?ID=105 (445 words)

	HSS - How to Use Capsaicin (Pepper Creams) for Joint Pain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		The active ingredient in so-called "hot pepper" creams is capsaicin - which indeed comes from hot pepper plants.
		Capsaicin appears to reduce a chemical - substance P - that sends pain signals to the brain.
		Warm water or sweat hitting an area of your body where you have used capsaicin may cause a marked increase in burning sensation.
	www.hss.edu /Conditions/Arthritis/Capsaicin-For-Joint-Pain (355 words)

	Capsaicin (Topical) - MayoClinic.com
		Capsaicin (cap-SAY-sin) is used to help relieve a certain type of pain known as neuralgia(new-RAL-ja).
		Capsaicin is also used to temporarily help relieve the pain from osteoarthritis(OS-te-o-ar-THRI-tis)or rheumatoid arthritis(ROO-ma-toid ar-THRI-tis).
		Capsaicin has not been reported to cause birth defects or other problems in humans.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/drug-information/DR202626 (1250 words)

	Capsaicin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		Capsaicin is reported as being a natural pain and swelling reliever.
		Truly yours, Schermerhorn Answer 1: A quick look to the Merck gives this: Capsaicin (aka trans-8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-noneamide) is the pungent principle in fruit of various species of Capsicum, Solanaceae (which I think are peppers).
		One of the reasons chilies are natural pain relievers is that the capsaicin triggers the release of endorphins - the body's natural pain killers - doesn't your body also release these goodies when you exercise i.e..
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/chem99/chem99011.htm (273 words)

	Scoville scale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These fruits of the Capsicum genus contain capsaicin, a chemical compound which stimulates thermoreceptor nerve endings in the tongue, and the number of Scoville heat units (SHU) indicates the amount of capsaicin present.
		As originally devised, a solution of the pepper extract is diluted in sugar water until the 'heat' is no longer detectable to a panel of (usually five) tasters; the degree of dilution gives its measure on the Scoville scale.
		Conversely, the hottest chiles, such as habaneros, have a rating of 300,000 or more, indicating that their extract has to be diluted 300,000-fold before the capsaicin present is undetectable.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scoville_scale (592 words)

	Induction of Apoptosis in Leukemic Cells by Homovanillic Acid Derivative, Capsaicin, through Oxidative Stress: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-16)
		capsaicin for 0–24 h and stained with propidium iodide (PI) as described in "Materials and Methods." DNA content was analyzed by flow cytometry.
		capsaicin for 3 h and analyzed for caspase-3 activity by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis.
		capsaicin for 3 h, and Rhodamine 123 fluorescence was analyzed by flow cytometry.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/3/1071 (5467 words)

	Curing with the herb: cayenne pepper
		Active ingredient: Capsicum genus of the pepper family Capsaicin, found in the pepper, is used in over-the-counter and prescription topical drug cream products for the use of painful joints, stomach problems, as a gargle, for hangover, and when a fever is present.
		The capsaicin is what causes your mouth and eyes to water and burn when you've bitten into a cayenne pepper.
		Medicinal uses: The cayenne pepper's fiery substance, capsaicin, is the part of the plant valued worldwide by scientists and herbalists.
	vava.essortment.com /cayennepepperc_rfmg.htm (984 words)

	Vanilloid (Capsaicin) Receptors and Mechanisms -- Szallasi and Blumberg 51 (2): 159 -- Pharmacological Reviews
		Capsaicin and capsazepine, both at a concentration of 3 µM, reduce the apparent affinity of RTX binding, having little or no effects on cooperativity or maximal receptor density.
		of capsaicin and RTX on the pulmonary chemoreflex in the rat.
		A, observe that capsaicin may elicit a rapidly activating current (A), a slowly activating current (B), or a combination of rapidly and slowly activating currents (C).
	pharmrev.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/51/2/159 (6675 words)

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