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	CalendarHome.com - Captaincy General - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Captaincy General (from the Spanish Capitanía General) is a division of a viceroyalty in colonial Spanish-America and the Spanish-Philippines, established in areas under risk of foreign invasion or Indian attack.
		The Captaincy General is governed by a Capitán General (Captain General) who is basically a military officer with plenipotentiary civilian powers and authority.
		Although under the nominal jurisdiction of their Viceroys, Captains General were practically independent, because of their special military functions and the considerable distance of their districts from the viceroyal capital, having a direct relationship with the King and the Council of the Indies, in Madrid.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Captaincy_General (243 words)

	Captaincy General - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Captaincy General (from the Spanish Capitanía General) is a division of a viceroyalty in colonial Spanish-America and the Spanish-Philippines, established in areas under risk of foreign invasion or Indian attack.
		The Captaincy General is governed by a Captain General who is basically a military officer with plenipotentiary civilian powers and authority.
		Although under the nominal jurisdiction of their Viceroys, Captains General were practically independent, because of their special military functions and the considerable distance of their districts from the viceroyal capital, having a direct relationship with the King and the Council of the Indies, in Madrid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Captaincy_General (184 words)

	Captain General - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The rank of Captain General was first created when the term "general" was added to certain leading officers on the battlefields of Europe during the Middle Ages.
		The Captain General was, in such cases, usually an Army officer with little or no navigation and seamanship skill, but still by senority considered the senior officer of a vessel.
		General, a description of the various general officer ranks, including the full general which is the successor to captain general.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Captain_General (520 words)

	Nicaragua - Colonial Rule
		The governor, or captain general, was appointed by the Spanish king and was responsible to him; in fact, the colony was sometimes referred to as the Kingdom of Guatemala.
		The Captaincy General of Guatemala was generally neglected by Spain.
		Throughout the captaincy general, cities came to be associated with one or the other of these political factions, depending on the basis of the economy of each.
	countrystudies.us /nicaragua/6.htm (1007 words)

	Comparative Criminology \| North America - Honduras
		Both the attorney general and the deputy attorney general are elected by the National Congress for a period of four years, coinciding with the presidential and legislative terms of office.
		The attorney general is expected to initiate civil and criminal actions based on the results of the audits of the Office of the Comptroller General.
		Generally, inmates serving prison sentences of three years or more are assigned to the national penitentiary in Tegucigalpa, inmates with prison sentences of less than three years but more than ninety days are assigned to a department jail; sentences of ninety days or less are carried out in local jails.
	www-rohan.sdsu.edu /faculty/rwinslow/namerica/honduras.html (10264 words)

	GUATEMALA - LoveToKnow Article on GUATEMALA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1892 General Jos Maria Reina Barrios was elected president, and in 1897 he was re-elected; but on the 8th of February 1898 he was assassinated.
		He was charged with aiming at a dictatorship, with permitting or even encouraging the imprisonment, torture and execution without trial of political opponents, with maladministration of the finances and with aggression against the neighboring states.
		Ocs was captured by his lieutenant, General Castillo, and the revolution speedily became a war, in which Honduras, Costa Rica and Salvador were openly involved against Guatemala,while Nicaragua was hostile.
	61.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GU/GUATEMALA.htm (5582 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.1, Entry 211, CHILI.: Library of Economics and Liberty
		This country, under Spanish rule, formed, with the vice-royalties of Granada, Peru, and La Plata, a captaincy general under the authority of an officer having the rank of lieutenant general, president, governor, and captain general of the kingdom of Chili.
		General San Martin, the real founder of the Chilian republic, hurried from Buenos Ayres with 3,000 men, crossed into Chili in 1817, and restored courage and confidence to all.
		The climate, as a general thing, is mild and healthy; but this advantage is offset in a terrible manner by the earthquakes to which Chili is subject, perhaps more than any other country, especially on the coast.
	www.econlib.org /library/ypdbooks/lalor/llCy211.html (2621 words)

	Nicaragua
		Throughout the captaincy general, groups were hurt or helped by these changes; the factions supporting changes in trading policy came to be known as liberals while those who had profited under the old rules were known as conservatives.
		At first the captaincy general was part of the Mexican Empire under General Agustín de Iturbide, but efforts by Mexico to control the region were resisted all over Central America.
		National government policy, however, was generally made by the nine-member Joint National Directorate (Dirección Nacional Conjunto--DNC), the ruling body of the FSLN, and then transmitted to the junta by Daniel Ortega for the junta's discussion and approval.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/nicaragua/all.html (18065 words)

	History of Costa Rica
		General Tomás Guardia, however, was his own man. In April 1870, he overthrew the government and ruled for 12 years as an iron-willed military strongman backed by a powerful centralized government of his own making.
		The combined results were a generally vigorous economic growth and the creation of a welfare state which had grown by 1981 to serve 90 percent of the population, absorbing 40 percent of the national budget in the process and granting the government the dubious distinction of being the nation's biggest employer.
		A general consensus is that the bomb was meant to blame the Sandinistas; the CIA has been implicated.
	www.centralamerica.com /cr/moon/mohistory.htm (5331 words)

	Venezuela
		Its name, meaning "Little Venice", was given it by reason of the fact that Alonso de Ojeda, who first explored the coast, in 1499, found a small aboriginal village built on piles in one of the gulfs to the west.
		The colony was under the administration of governors and captains general during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
		In the early days of independence, General José Antonio Paez, the hero of the War of Independence, was prominent in political affairs, aided by Dr. José María Varjas and Gen. Carlos Toublette.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/v/venezuela.html (6131 words)

	JORGE JUAN GUILLELMI DE ANDRADA Spanish painter
		After his stay in Vienna he went as a military Judge of the General Captaincy of Andalusia to Seville, where Jorge Juan was born.
		This year, the General Commander of Artillery and, ultimately, The Director of the College of Artillery of Segovia, Félix Gazola, count of Gazola, recommended Jorge Guillelmi for the post of Tertiary Teacher of the College of Artillery of Segovia.
		These journeys, which continued intermittently between 1787 and 1792, were part of a general program of the enlightened despotism that acknowledged the necessity of knowing the last European scientific and technical improvements and applying them in the Hispanic Monarchy.
	www.josedelamano.net /pages/jorgejuan.htm (847 words)

	ipedia.com: Captaincy General Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Captaincy General a division of a viceroyalty in colonial Spanish America, established in areas under risk of foreign invasion or Indian attack and governed by a Captain General, basically a militar a...
		Capitanía General) a division of a viceroyalty in colonial Spanish America, established in areas under risk of foreign invasion or Indian attack and governed by a Captain General, basically a militar authority.
		Although under the nominal jurisdiction of their viceroys, captains general were practically viceroys, because of their special military functions and the considerable distance of their captaincies from the viceroyal capital, having a direct relationship with the king and the Council of the Indies, in Madrid.
	www.ipedia.com /captaincy_general.html (186 words)

	The 1999 Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		No discrimination based on race, sex, creed or social standing shall be permitted, nor, in general, any discrimination with the intent or effect of nullifying or encroaching upon the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on equal terms, of the rights and liberties of every individual.
		The father and mother have the shared and inescapable obligation of raising, training, educating, maintaining and caring for their children*, and the latter have the duty to provide care when the former are unable to do so by themselves.
		The State shall establish, through the competent organ, the liability to which employers* in general are subject in the event of simulation or fraud for the purpose of distorting, disregarding or impeding the application of labor legislation.
	www.vheadline.com /printer_news.asp?id=6831 (16372 words)

	Belize - Guatemala Relations
		Whatever the merits of such a general title, it had to be translated into effective acts of occupation and jurisdiction since otherwise rival powers would inevitably have taken the lead in establishing their own territorial claims, as in fact happened in the Americas and elsewhere.
		This general principle offered the advantage of establishing an absolute rule that in law no territory of the former Spanish America was without an owner.
		Although there were many regions that had not been occupied by the Spanish and many regions that were unexplored…these regions were regarded as belonging in law to the respective republics that had succeeded the Spanish provinces to which these lands were connected by virtue of old royal decrees of the Spanish mother country.
	www.belize-guatemala.gov.bz /library/legal_opinion/appendices2.html (4604 words)

	Honduras: history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		General Osvaldo LÃ³pez Arellano, in power since 1963, permitted elections and RamÃ³n Ernesto Cruz of the National Party, was elected President.
		General elections were held in 1981, but leftist parties were banned.
		Armed forces commander, General Arnulfo Cantarera, accused of human rights violations, was relieved of his command and replaced by General Luis Discua, who favored increased intervention by the military in the countryâs political life.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=45 (1942 words)

	index.htm
		In 1944, General Jorge Ubico's dictatorship was overthrown by the "October Revolutionaries," a group of dissident military officers, students, and liberal professionals.
		Mejia justified his coup, saying that "religious fanatics" were abusing their positions in the government and also because of "official corruption." Seven people were killed in the coup, although Rios Montt survived to found a political party (the Guatemalan Republic Front) and to be elected President of Congress in 1995 and 2000.
		General Mejia allowed a managed return to democracy in Guatemala, starting with a July 1, 1984, election for a Constituent Assembly to draft a democratic constitution.
	www.geocities.com /gssnl_7 (2706 words)

	El Salvador: history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1839, General Francisco Morazan, president of the Central American Republic, tried to prevent the break-up of the federation.
		Against a background of an upsurge in fighting, general elections were held on March 25 1984.
		President Cristiani proposed a general amnesty for cases where excesses had been committed; this proposal was approved on March 20 1993, only 5 days after the document drawn up by the Truth Commission had been made public.
	gbgm-umc.org /country_profiles/country_history.cfm?Id=17 (2902 words)

	i. Guatemala and Central America. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		In the captaincy general of Guatemala (Guatemala, San Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Chiapas), liberals campaigned for free trade, a more representative government, and the dissolution of fueros and monopolies.
		The captain general repressed them and subdued other rebellions in the provinces of San Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua (1811–12).
		Influenced by the launching of the Plan de Iguala in Mexico, a junta of liberals and moderates convened in Guatemala City to declare independence, with the captain general as leader.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1655.html (276 words)

	Terceira Island Azores information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The seat of a captaincy in 1474, it soon became an important trading centre thanks to the natural qualities of its harbour as evidenced even in its name (Angra means Bay).
		The seal of the captaincy of Terceira in the early settlement period (1456 to 1474) and made a town in 1640, Praia (as it was then simply called) took part in the economic prosperity of the island in the 15th and 16th centuries.
		Near the town, and with the participation of its inhabitants, the battle of Salga was fought in 1581.
	www.azores.com /azores/terceira.asp (3964 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - captaincy
		The captaincy general of Guatemala extended from Chiapas (present-day Mexico’s...
		Chiapas : history : captaincy general of Guatemala: Guatemala
		Several Spanish conquerors competed for control of the Central American isthmus until the Spanish monarchy united the entire region as an audiencia...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /captaincy.html (89 words)

	History of GUATEMALA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1539 it is established as the captaincy general of Guatemala.
		This is part of the wider viceroyalty of New Spain (administered from Mexico City) but the captain general, operating from his own capital at Antigua, has considerable autonomy in local affairs.
		The transition to statehood is far from smooth, for the other constituent provinces of the old captaincy general of Guatemala (El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica) have intentions which are often at odds with the central government in Guatemala City.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac12 (1309 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Venezuela
		Spanish rule, constituted the captaincy general of the same name.
		The colony was under the administration of governors and captains general during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
		religious function until the general amnesty, offered by the president during the campaign, had been put into effect, so that the public participation of the Church in the rejoicings of the victors might not be coincident with the mourning of families for the shedding of blood and for the many captives who lay in prison.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15327a.htm (6640 words)

	Volume 2 - Historical Relation Part IX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		General State of the Foundation of the Colony of Nuevo Santander
		In the oppression and slavery of the congregas they only busied themselves either for completing the work assigned to them without any reward or in spying out the occasion of shaking off the yoke.
		Some of the presentations, as much of the inhabitants as of the religious ministers, were heard in the Superior Government of Mexico and, in their view, a general Junta of War was formed on December 20 of 1713.
	www.library.ci.corpus-christi.tx.us /santander/v2sec40.htm (785 words)

	Chapter 12: Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain
		Absent from the circle of conspirators were the senior generals -- either active or retired -- whose careers had been made during the palmy days of the turno.
		Both the dynastic politicians and the political generals were too closely identified with the Restoration system, which had decently hidden the naked reality of military power under the cloak of civil supremacy, to welcome the idea of direct military rule.
		Since at least 1917, the civilian and military politicians of the turno had been forced to confront the fiction of their own control over the army and had struggled, unsuccessfully, to assert the authority of the state over the unwieldy and obstreperous institution they had created.
	libro.uca.edu /boyd/chapter12.htm (4984 words)

	Guatemala HISTORY
		In May 1985, the assembly promulgated a constitution for a new government with an elected Congress.
		The general elections of November 1985 were followed by a runoff election in December.
		The populist attorney built support with promises to reduce crime, one of the worst problems facing the nation after the war.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Americas/Guatemala-HISTORY.html (1966 words)

	Mexican History 1810-1940
		General attacks on property by Insurgent forces and massacre at Guanajuato (September 1810) provoked an upper class backlash reuniting Creoles and Peninsulars.
		The provinces of the Captaincy General of Guatemala resist incorporation into the Mexican "empire" of Iturbide, though Chiapas becomes part of Mexico.
		In 1876, Porfirio Díaz, a liberal general, like Juárez a native of Oaxaca, revolted against the government of Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada, brother of the former finance minister, after being thwarted in his ambition to succeed Juárez, whom he had challenged for the leadership in 1871.
	www.era.anthropology.ac.uk /Era_Resources/Era/Peasants/mexican_history_since_1810.html (2295 words)

	History
		The Spanish began founding settlements along the coast, and Honduras came under the control of the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
		In October 1955--after two authoritarian civilian National Party administrations and a general strike by banana workers on the north coast in 1954--young military reformists staged a palace coup that installed a provisional junta and paved the way for constituent assembly elections in 1957.
		General Lopez' successors continued armed forces modernization programs, building army and security forces and concentrating on Honduran air force superiority over its neighbors.
	burns.dcb.du.edu /oldFiles/history.asp?id=30 (1006 words)

	FOR THE RECORD 2001 ccpr-c-ven-98-3
		protecting and enhancing labour, upholding human dignity, and promoting the general well-being and social security, achieving an equitable participation by all in the enjoyment of wealth, according to the principles of social justice, and promoting the development of the economy in the service of man"; and "...
		Torture means any deliberate act which inflicts on a person punishment, pain or physical or mental suffering for the purposes of a criminal investigation, as a means of intimidation, personal punishment or prevention, or for any other purpose.
		The value of the general principle of liberty established in article 60 of the Constitution is being impaired by the understanding in police circles that during the eight-day period constituting the maximum limit of pre-trial detention any person may be detained for the purposes of advancing the investigation of a crime.
	www.hri.ca /forthereCord2001/documentation/tbodies/ccpr-c-ven-98-3.htm (12451 words)

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