
	Where results make sense

Topic: Carbamate

Related Topics

Aryl

IUPAC nomenclature

Hydrolysis

Alkyl

Alkane

Anticholinesterase

Redhat Linux

Malathion

Aum Shinrikyo

Cholinesterase

Synapse

Beretta 92FS

Organophosphate

Insecticide

Acetylcholine

In the News (Mon 6 Jul 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Carbamate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carbamates or urethanes are a group of organic compounds sharing a common functional group with the general structure -NH(CO)O-.
		Carbamates are esters of carbamic acid, NH COOH, an unstable compound.
		Therefore, carbamate esters may have alkyl or aryl groups substituted on the nitrogen, or the amide function.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbamate (476 words)

	Carbamate pesticides: a general introduction (EHC 64, 1986)
		Carbamates produce slight to moderate skin and eye irritation, depending on the vehicle used, duration of contact, and on whether the substance is applied to the abraided or intact skin.
		In the case of carbamates, the inhibition may not be easily detected because of the rapid reversibility of the carbamate-enzyme inhibition reaction.
		In general, the water solubility of carbamates is rather low and may explain the relative immobility of the carbamate herbicides in the soil with regard to leaching and diffusion.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc64.htm (14848 words)

	Curable coating compositions containing blends of carbamate-functional compounds - Patent 6160058
		In a particularly preferred embodiment, a.beta.-hydroxyalkyl carbamate is reacted with one of the isocyanate groups of a diisocyanate, such as IPDI or HMDI, or with one or two of the isocyanate groups of an isocyanurate, such as the isocyanurate of HMDI or IPDI, to produce a compound (a)(2)(A) having both isocyanate and carbamate functionality.
		The carbamate or terminal urea functionality may be introduced to the polymer by either polymerizing using a carbamate- or terminal urea-functional monomer or by reacting a functional group on the formed polymer in a further reaction to produce a carbamate or terminal urea functionality at that position.
		Carbamate functionality can also be introduced to the acrylic polymer of component (b) by reacting the polymer with a compound that has a group that can be converted to a carbamate, and then converting that group to the carbamate.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6160058.html (7971 words)

	Coating composition utilizing non-polymeric carbamate-functional compound - Patent 5719237
		Coatings are described derived from a curable coating composition comprising: (a) a non-polymeric organic compound having a molecular weight of from 75 to 2000 comprising a plurality of carbamate active hydrogens, and (b) a second component comprising a compound having a plurality of functional groups that are reactive with said carbamate active hydrogens.
		Simple commercially-available carbamate or urea compounds such as methyl carbamate or butyl carbamate may be used in the present invention as component (a).
		Carbamates may also be prepared by reaction of an alcohol with phosgene and then ammonia to form a compound having primary carbamate group(s), or by reaction of a polyol with phosgene and then a primary amine to form a compound having secondary carbamate groups.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5719237.html (3627 words)

	Wildlife Mortality Attributed to Organophosphorus and Carbamate Pesticides
		Organophosphorus and carbamate pesticide toxicity is not specific to a target "pest," and lethal effects are seen in nontarget organisms; birds appear to be the most sensitive class of animals affected by these pesticides.
		Wildlife mortality attributed to OP and carbamate pesticides has been documented for at least two decades, and the number of incidents recorded since 1980 is increasing (Fig.
		Carbamates were responsible in 31 mortalities while OP compounds were responsible in 93.
	biology.usgs.gov /s+t/noframe/u216.htm (854 words)

	The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Carbamate Preparations of Agricultural and
		Depending on original data sources used, the definition of “carbamate preparations of agricultural and commercial insecticides” is established.
		It is for this definition of carbamate preparations of agricultural and commercial insecticides that the aggregate latent demand estimates are derived.
		Based on the aggregate view of carbamate preparations of agricultural and commercial insecticides as defined above, data were then collected for as many similar countries as possible for that same definition, at the same level of the value chain.
	www.mindbranch.com /Outlook-Carbamate-Preparations-R307-10781 (2848 words)

	Pesticide Toxicity Profile: Carbamate Pesticides
		Carbamate pesticides are derived from carbamic acid and kill insects in a similar fashion as organophosphate insecticides.
		The carbamate's principal route of entry is either by inhalation or ingestion or secondarily by the dermal route.
		Unlike organophosphate poisoning, carbamate poisonings tend to be of shorter duration because the inhibition of nervous tissue acetylcholinesterase is reversible, and carbamates are more rapidly metabolized.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /PI088 (741 words)

	NTP: Abstract for TR-328 - Methyl Carbamate
		Methyl carbamate is used as a chemical intermediate by the textile industry for the manufacture of dimethylol methyl carbamate-based resins that are applied on polyester/cotton blend fabrics as durable-press finishes.
		Based on the findings in the short-term studies, 2-year studies of methyl carbamate were conducted by administering 0, 100, or 200 mg/kg methyl carbamate in distilled water by gavage, 5 days per week for 103 weeks, to groups of 50 F344/N rats of each sex for 103 weeks.
		Methyl carbamate also induced inflammation of the harderian gland in male and female rats and adenomatous hyperplasia and histiocytosis of the lung in male and female mice.
	ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov /ntpweb/index.cfm?objectid=0707FF26-C083-64F1-919D187D79E25FD8 (1366 words)

	Beyond Pesticides
		Carbamate pesticide is a commonly used in farms and households in the region where the poisoning occurred.
		The carbamate family of insecticides, often highly toxic to humans, is widely used in homes, garden and agriculture.
		While the symptoms of carbamate and organophosphate poisoning are identical and may be equally severe, carbamate poisoning generally runs a shorter course.
	www.beyondpesticides.org /news/daily_news_archive/2005/03_16_05.htm (354 words)

	Urethane Hazard Summary
		Ethyl carbamate is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of a number of chemicals.
		Ethyl carbamate is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of products (e.g., pharmaceuticals) and as a solubilizer and cosolvent for pesticides and fumigants.
		Ethyl carbamate occurs as colorless crystals or white granular powder and is very soluble in water.
	www.ecochem.com /ENN_ethyl_c.html (628 words)

	Preliminary N-Methyl Carbamate Cumulative Risk Assessment: Fact Sheet for the Web \| Pesticides \| US EPA
		This assessment is based on evaluation of the potential for people to be exposed to more than one member of this group of pesticides at a time and considers exposures from food, drinking water, and residential sources.
		Since people can be exposed to several pesticides that act the same way in the body at the same time through various foods, drinking water, and from uses in and around the home, school, or recreational areas, it is also necessary to assess the effects of cumulative exposure.
		The N-methyl carbamate pesticides affect the nervous system by reducing the ability of cholinesterase, an enzyme, to function properly in regulating a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine.
	www.epa.gov /pesticides/cumulative/carbamate_cumulative_factsheet.htm (1936 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Organophosphate and Carbamate : Article Excerpt by: Daniel K Nishijima, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Carbamates, such as physostigmine and neostigmine, are commonly used to treat diseases such as glaucoma and myasthenia gravis.
		Although OPC and carbamates are structurally distinct, they have similar clinical manifestations and generally the same management.
		OPCs and carbamates also bind to erythrocyte cholinesterase (also known as RBC cholinesterase) on RBCs and plasma cholinesterase (also known as pseudocholinesterase, serum cholinesterase, or butyrylcholinesterase) in the serum.
	emedicine.com /emerg/byname/toxicity-organophosphate-and-carbamate.htm (650 words)

	Organophosphate and Carbamate Insecticide Poisoning
		Organophosphate and carbamate insecticides are commonly used for small animals as flea and tick powders, sprays, foggers, shampoos and dips, flea collars, and formerly, as systemic insecticides.
		Since all organophosphate and carbamate insecticides have the same mechanism of action and can be long-lasting, the effects of multiple exposures (for example: flea dip, flea powder, flea collar, and home and lawn flea treatment) are additive.
		Organophosphate and carbamate poisoning is relatively common in pets and livestock.
	www.addl.purdue.edu /newsletters/1998/summer/organos.html (607 words)

	Ethyl carbamate [factsheet]
		* EPA considers ethyl carbamate to be a probable human carcinogen (cancer-causing agent) and has classified it as a Group B2 carcinogen.
		* Ethyl carbamate is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of products (e.g., pharmaceuticals) and as a solubilizer and cosolvent for pesticides and fumigants.
		Note: There are very few health numbers or regulatory/advisory numbers for ethyl carbamate; thus, a graph has not been prepared for this compound.
	www.lakes-environmental.com /toxic/ETHYL_CARBAMATE.HTML (689 words)

	First Venture Technologies Corp. - Ethyl Carbamate - Tue Dec 26, 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Ethyl Carbamate, also known as urethane, occurs as a colourless, odourless columnar crystal or a white, granular powder.
		Ethyl Carbamate has also been used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, in the making of amino resins, as a solubilizer, as a co-solvent for pesticides and fumigants, as an intermediate in pharmaceuticals, and as an anti-neoplastic agent.
		Ethyl Carbamate levels are now monitored and regulated in fermented alcoholic products by organizations such as the Canadian Health Protection Branch (mandatory limits) and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (voluntary limits up to now).
	www.firstventuretech.com /s/EthylCarbamate.asp (490 words)

	MALDI Mass Spectra of Authentic Sulfenate-linked Benzyl Carbamate Dimer
		Despite allegations of UNM’s attorneys that the dihydrate of the sulfenate-linked benzyl carbamate dimer cannot exist, the structure of the authentic dihydrate is actually stabilized by hydrogen bonds and is observed as its mass ion in in the LANL spectrum as a finely split peak at about 726-728:
		Additional proof that the authentic sulfenate-linked benzyl carbamate dimer, -S-O-, is not the bis-sulfinate-linked structure, -S(O)-O-, is provided by mass ion adducts that are intermediary between the two, especially in preparations known to be contaminated with HCl.
		This hasn’t stopped UNM and its licensee from promoting the alleged sulfonate or taurine derivatives for human use, as if they were the same as the authentic compounds, and apparently without much testing of these alleged sulfonate and taurine derivatives in animals for biological efficacy and safety.
	www.vitaletherapeutics.org /masanlyz.htm (1460 words)

	Toxicity, Organophosphate and Carbamate by Debra Slapper, M.D.
		Carbamates have poor CNS penetration and cause minimal CNS symptoms.
		According to the 1998 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers, there were 4332 exposures to carbamates, with one reported death, and 16,392 exposures to organophosphates, with 11 reported deaths in the United States.
		Patients with non-life-threatening symptoms due to carbamate poisoning or with questionable exposure to organophosphates and no symptoms may be considered for discharge after adequate decontamination and observation for six hours.
	members.aol.com /DonationDrive/OrganphosToxemedicine.html (2278 words)

	The Australian Wine Research Institute › analytical service › analyses › ethyl carbamate
		Ethyl carbamate (or urethane) is formed during the production of wine resulting from the reaction between urea or other related precursors and ethyl alcohol.
		The rate of production of ethyl carbamate is influenced by the concentration of urea or other precursors and temperature.
		Ethyl carbamate is a suspected mild carcinogen, the maximum level is, therefore, limited by regulation in many countries.
	www.awri.com.au /analytical_service/analyses/ethyl_carbamate (235 words)

	FoodHACCP.com :: View topic - EU food watchdog examines ethyl carbamate levels
		Ethyl carbamate is a compound that can naturally occur in fermented foods and beverages, such as spirits, wine, beer, bread, soy sauce and yoghurt.
		As hydrogen cyanide and its salts are important in ethyl carbamate formation, EFSA will also consider the possible health risks related to the presence of such cyanides.
		EFSA is looking for data on ethyl carbamate and cyanide levels in foods and beverages from 2000 onwards.
	foodsafetyinfo.org /phpbb/viewtopic.php?t=6436 (344 words)

	carbamate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		The functional group is usually something like an alkyl group, bromo-alkyl, or amine; in the case here, it is a carbamate (just look at the upper left cartoon, ignore the rest for now).
		The interesting thing about the carbamate group is that it spontaneously hydrolyzes (A--trialkoxy=rapid, B--monoalkoxy=more slowly) at an appreciable rate when it is part of a surface assembly, which is the reaction shown in the cartoon.
		The disparity in rates is due to the catalytic action of silanols which are in abundance on the surface.
	www.scs.uiuc.edu /~mcdonald/carbamate.htm (476 words)

	Shanghai Dalong Machinery Works: Products
		Ammonium carbamate pump conveys the carbamate solution in the process of synthesis of urea.
		Recent years, improvements have been made on the structure and materials of liquid end, such as chrome plated stainless steel plunger, stainless steel or titanium alloy integrated suction and discharge valve assembly, low carbon duplex-phase stainless steel pump cylinder and new packing meterials.
		The pump is connected to the motor thru metallic flexible couplings and hard faced gear reducer, and they are all mounted on the common baseplate.
	www.dalongmachinery.com /carbamate.htm (513 words)

	Welcome to APSI. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		Dithiocarbamate (carbamate) is a handy metal precipitant that can be used for precipitating various metals to very low concentrations.
		Carbamates have the advantage over sulfide of typically not creating sulfide fumes which can cause tarnishing of metal parts which are near the wastewater treatment area.
		The bond between the thiol compound (carbamate) is very difficult to break but can be done by adding a strong reducing agent to the sludge created by the reaction of carbamate with metal containing wastewater.
	www.liquidsolid.com /DTCHeavyMetals.html (266 words)

	A Noncompetitive, Sequential Mechanism for Inhibition of Rat {alpha}4{beta}2 Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors ...
		of ion current by the carbamate is a noncompetitive effect.
		mechanism of action of carbamate pesticides remains to be elucidated.
		of chronic exposure to carbamate pesticides remains to be investigated.
	toxsci.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/82/1/219 (4713 words)

	Carbamate Insecticides - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		The carbamate insecticides act similarly to the organophosphates (Organophosphates: Overview) in that they inhibit cholinesterase at nerve junctions.
		However, when a history of carbamate poisoning is not provided, but cholinergic signs and a clear positive response to atropine suggest carbamate or organophosphate poisoning, cholinesterase levels should be determined in serum, RBC, or brain tissue and, if lowered, will be confirmatory.
		Treatment of carbamate poisoning is similar to that of organophosphate poisoning in that atropine sulfate injections readily reverse the effects.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/211602.htm (380 words)

	EFSA \| European Food Safety Authority
		The most important precursors from ethyl carbamate in stone fruit brandies are hydrogen cyanide or its salts thereof, the cyanides.
		JECFA concluded that ethyl carbamate is genotoxic and is a multisite carcinogen in all animal species tested and is considered to be a potential carcinogen in humans.
		In order to facilitate EFSA´s risk assessment on ethyl carbamate in foods and beverages, data from 2000 onwards on levels of ethyl carbamate and cyanides in foods and beverages, particular alcoholic beverages such as stone fruit brandies, would be highly appreciated.
	www.efsa.europa.eu /en/science/data_collection/ethyl_carbamate_cyanides.html (488 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Organophosphate and Carbamate : Article by Daniel K Nishijima, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-11)
		The most common cause of mortality in OPC and carbamate poisoning is respiratory failure; however, death is rare, occurring in 0.04-1% of typical pesticide poisonings.
		In addition to their use as insecticides, carbamates are used to treat certain medical diseases, such as glaucoma and myasthenia gravis (neostigmine, physostigmine).Some case reports describe clinical illness from foodborne outbreaks due to contamination with OPC-containing pesticides.
		The most common tests to determine OP and carbamate poisoning are measurements of serum cholinesterase and RBC AChE activity, which are used to estimate neuronal AChE activity.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic346.htm (5026 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)