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Topic: Carbon 14 dating

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	Carbon 14 Dating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carbon exists in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide, CO It can be present either as stable carbon 12 or unstable carbon 14.
		Carbon 14 is formed from ordinary nitrogen 14 in the atmosphere by the action of cosmic rays.
		The result is that carbon 14 is present as a constant percentage of the total carbon in the atmosphere, although it does change slightly depending upon the amount of cosmic radiation reaching the atmosphere.
	www.fsteiger.com /carbon14.html (590 words)

	Radiocarbon dating - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon-14 to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to ca 60,000 years.
		However, aquatic plants obtain some of their carbon from dissolved carbonates which are likely to be very old, and thus deficient in the carbon-14 isotope, so the method is less reliable for such materials as well as for samples derived from animals with such plants in their food-chain.
		Carbon dating was developed by a team led by Willard Libby.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbon-14_dating (1217 words)

	Carbon Dating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Once the C 14 has been formed, by converting nitrogen-14 into carbon-14, it behaves like ordinary carbon-12, combining with oxygen to give carbon dioxide, and freely cycling through the cells of all plants and animals.
		Carbon dating assumes that the ratio has remained constant; however, events, such as the industrial revolution, are known to have raised C12 levels.
		Finally, carbon dating has been shown untrustworthy with some present day aquatic specimens that were concluded to be thousands of years old.
	www.creationevidence.org /scientific_evid/carbon/se_carbon.html (394 words)

	Carbon-14 dating - CreationWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Radiocarbon or C-14 dating is a radiometric dating technique used to deduce the approximate age of organic remains by measuring the quantity of C-14 isotopes in the sample and comparing them with current atmospheric levels.
		It is based upon the assumption that the rate of the formation of carbon 14 in the upper atmosphere is equal to the rate of decay.
		Carbon 14 analysis, as in the case of other dating methods, does not really determine anything about age; it simply tells you the amount of carbon 14 found in a substance.
	www.nwcreation.net /wiki/index.php?title=Carbon-14_dating (1120 words)

	Radiocarbon dating -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carbon dioxide also permeates the (A large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere) oceans, dissolving in the water.
		C is not present -- the (Fuel consisting of the remains of organisms preserved in rocks in the earth's crust with high carbon and hydrogen content) fossil fuels used in industry and transportation.
		Carbon dating was developed by a team led by (additional info and facts about Willard Libby) Willard Libby.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/r/ra/radiocarbon_dating.htm (1087 words)

	Carbon-14 Dating
		Dating methods (currently Carbon-14) are cited as definitely proving that man has been on the earth for at least 30,000 years.
		The C-14 method of dating is used to determine the age of vegetables and animal remains.
		The fossils are often contaminated by carbon from their surroundings - carbonates, humic acid, etc. Materials recovered from wet earth inevitably have been invaded by water containing carbonates, humic acid and even pitch.
	www.wrestedscriptures.com /c03carbon-14/carbon14.html (1321 words)

	Carbon Dating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		C 14 dating provided an accurate means of dating a wide variety of organic material in most archaeological sites, and indeed in most environments throughout the world.
		As C 14 circulates through the atmosphere, mostly as carbon dioxide, and is perhaps taken into the sea or transformed into plant tissue by photosynthesis, it behaves just the same as C 12.
		That is one of the reasons that C 14 dating is useful in archaeology, whereas potassium or uranium isotopes with much longer half-lives are used to date really ancient geological events that must be measured in millions or billions of years.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /natsci/vertpaleo/aucilla10_1/Carbon.htm (1223 words)

	Carbon 14 Dating On Shroud of Turin Were Botched 2005
		This is not a condemnation of carbon 14 dating.
		The carbon 14 dating of the Shroud is famous because those who had difficulty accepting the results were ridiculed and called fanatics by tough-minded skeptics.
		By focusing on 2004 and 2005 peer-reviewed journals, we see that the carbon 14 dating is invalid and that the images, thought by some to be miraculous, may have formed by a natural amino/carbonyl reaction; a chemical process perhaps unique to and commonplace in Jewish tomb burials of the late-Second Temple era.
	shroudstory.com /faq-carbon-14.htm (3652 words)

	THE PROBLEMS WITH CARBON-14 DATING
		Carbon has a weight of twelve atomic mass units (AMU’s), and is the building block of all organic matter (plants and animals).
		Carbon-14 is an unstable, radioactive isotope of carbon 12.
		Third, for carbon-14 dating to be accurate, the concentrations of carbon-14 and carbon-12 must have remained constant in the atmosphere.
	www.contenderministries.org /evolution/carbon14.php (1615 words)

	Problems with Radiometric and Carbon-14 Dating
		Radiocarbon dating is still a young science and even though there has been done a lot of research we must understand that each individual tends to accept those data which fit his expectations.
		When samples are measured and dates fall outside this range, unless it is published how often this happens, and the good plus the bad dates [results] are published, under strict `blind' conditions, we may not have conclusive data.
		subtract from the date 1030 + 50 B.C., or resp.
	www.specialtyinterests.net /carbon14.html (3649 words)

	Radiocarbon Dating
		Also, the stratigraphy should be carefully examined to determine that a carbon sample location was not contaminated by carbon from a later or an earlier period.
		To compensate for this variation, dates obtained from radiocarbon laboratories are now corrected using standard calibration tables developed in the past 15-20 years.
		Using radiocarbon dating, archaeologists during the past 30 years have been able to obtain a much needed global perspective on the timing of major prehistoric events such as the development of agriculture in various parts of the world.
	id-archserve.ucsb.edu /Anth3/Courseware/Chronology/08_Radiocarbon_Dating.html (853 words)

	Pet Peeves Carbon 14 Dating System
		The facts are that radiocarbon dating is limited to 'thousands of years', not 'millions', and to 'biological' samples, not 'mineral'.
		C are incorporated in living matter either via the direct process of photosynthesis as in plants or, in animals, indirectly by ingestion of plant material and respiration.
		In fact virtually all dating systems which rely on radiological decay have inherent problems because of certain assumptions which cannot be verified with accuracy.
	www.tlogical.net /carbon14.htm (882 words)

	Dating Exhibit
		Radio-carbon dating is a method of obtaining age estimates on organic materials.
		Radioactive carbon, produced when nitrogen 14 is bombarded by cosmic rays in the atmosphere, drifts down to earth and is absorbed from the air by plants.
		The accuracy of radiocoarbon dating was tested on objects with dates that were already known through historical records such as parts of the dead sea scrolls and some wood from an Egyptian tomb.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/dating/radio_carbon.html (700 words)

	Carbon-14 Dating
		Radio-carbon dating is a method of obtaining age estimates on organic materials which has been used to date samples as old as 50,000 years.
		Carbon dioxide is distributed on a worldwide basis into various atmospheric, biospheric, and hydrospheric reservoirs on a time scale much shorter than its half-life.
		Metabolic processes in living organisms and relatively rapid turnover of carbonates in surface ocean waters maintain radiocarbon levels at approximately constant levels in most of the biosphere.
	www.ndt-ed.org /EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/Physics/carbondating.htm (600 words)

	How accurate are Carbon-14 and other radioactive dating methods? - ChristianAnswers.Net
		Carbon Dating in many cases seriously embarrasses evolutionists by giving ages that are much younger than those expected from their model of early history.
		C date was not due to contamination and that the "date" was valid, within the standard (long ages) understanding of this dating system.
		Ordinary carbon (C12) is found in the carbon dioxide in the air we breathe, which, of course, is cycled by plants and animals throughout nature, so that your body, or the leaf of a tree, or even a piece of wooden furniture, contains carbon.
	www.christiananswers.net /q-aig/aig-c007.html (7528 words)

	Carbon 14 Dating [Athro, Limited: Geology: Gubik Trip]
		Carbon 14 is produced in the upper atmosphere as cosmic rays bombard Nitrogen atoms.
		Once the plant dies, new carbon is not added from the atmosphere and the particular set of carbon atoms in the plant at the time of its death remain there.
		Measurement of the amount of carbon 14 in a sample has some error, thus a standard deviation is given for the age results.
	www.athro.com /geo/trp/gub/peat3.html (547 words)

	Carbon-14 Dating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Archeologists use counts of the radioactive isotope C-14 to date organic remains such as wood, bone, and charcoal.
		Carbon-14 dating isn't so useful for geologists and paleontologists, because the objects they're interested in are usually much, much older than 50,000 years.
		Dating with other radioisotopes is very useful for geologists and paleontologists.
	lilt.ics.hawaii.edu /belvedere/materials/Mass-Extinctions/C14date.htm (138 words)

	Carbon 14 Dating Calculator
		To find the percent of Carbon 14 remaining after a given number of years, type in the number of years and click on Calculate.
		Carbon has three isotopes, known as carbon 12, carbon 13, and carbon 14, often called simply C-12, C-13, and C-14.
		The carbon in the carbon dioxide we breathe, for example, is about 99 percent C-12.
	dwb.unl.edu /Teacher/NSF/C03/C03Links/www.all.mq.edu.au/online/edu/egypt/carbdate.htm (477 words)

	Carbon-14 Dating
		As you learned in the previous page, carbon dating uses the half-life of Carbon-14 to find the approximate age of an object that is 40,000 years old or younger.
		Radiocarbon dating is a method of estimating the age of organic material.
		By measuring the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 in the sample and comparing it to the ratio in a living organism, it is possible to determine the age of the fossil.
	www.ndt-ed.org /EducationResources/HighSchool/Radiography/carbon14dating.htm (597 words)

	The method
		The radiocarbon method is based on the rate of decay of the radioactive or unstable carbon isotope 14 (14C), which is formed in the upper atmosphere through the effect of cosmic ray neutrons upon nitrogen 14.
		The first acid test of the new method was based upon radiocarbon dating of known age samples primarily from Egypt (the dates are shown in the diagram by the red lines, each with a ±1 standard deviation included).
		Briefly, the initial solid carbon method developed by Libby and his collaborators was replaced with the Gas counting method in the 1950's.
	www.c14dating.com /int.html (1743 words)

	carbon-14 dating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Carbon-14 is continually formed in nature by the interaction of neutrons with nitrogen-14 in the Earth's atmosphere; the neutrons required for this reaction are produced by cosmic rays interacting with the atmosphere.
		Radiocarbon present in molecules of atmospheric carbon dioxide enters the biological carbon cycle: it is absorbed from the air by green plants and then passed on to animals through the food chain.
		Because carbon-14 decays at this constant rate, an estimate of the date at which an organism died can be made by measuring the amount of its residual radiocarbon.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/104_33.html (243 words)

	Giem, P. --- Carbon-14 Dating Models and Experimental Implications
		A given radiocarbon date from a specimen with unknown calendar age is then matched with the radiocarbon date from one or more of these 10-year or 20-year specimens, and the real-time date for the unknown specimen is assumed to be the same as that of the specimen or specimens which it matches.
		Radiocarbon dates on archaeologically dated material (which will be the subject of another paper) disagree with the dendrochronological calibration curve at 614-612 B.C. The present standard of the conventional scientific and historical community for the period from the present to 6,000 B.C. is the Irish oak dendrochronological calibration curve.
		However, both models predict the same carbon-14 date for a given historical date, and so the variable decay models cannot be distinguished from the constant decay models by their predictions for carbon-14 dates for a given historical date.
	www.grisda.org /origins/24050.htm (4572 words)

	What about carbon dating?
		dating methods that are claimed to give millions and billions of years—carbon dating can only give thousands of years.
		Such a re-calibration makes sense of anomalous data from carbon dating—for example, very discordant ‘dates’ for different parts of a frozen musk ox carcass from Alaska and an inordinately slow rate of accumulation of ground sloth dung pellets in the older layers of a cave where the layers were carbon dated.
		Tree ring dating (dendrochronology) has been used in an attempt to extend the calibration of carbon-14 dating earlier than historical records allow, but this depends on temporal placement of fragments of wood (from long dead trees) using carbon-14 dating, assuming straight-line extrapolation backwards.
	www.answersingenesis.org /docs2002/carbon_dating.asp (5674 words)

	Talk:Carbon-14 dating - CreationWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The last paragraph is out of date, and the suggestion that a lack of rainbows means a different ratio of C-12 to C-14 is weird.
		One potential problem with C-14 dating is that there is no guarantee that the ratio of C-14 in the atmosphere has been constant; if there was less C-14 in the atmosphere in the past than there is today, samples will date older than their correct age; if more C-14, they will date too recent.
		Since some of this carbon comes from sediments, and even the carbon which originated from land plants may have been in the marine environment for some time, C-14 dating of marine organisms should not be expected to give the age of the organism.
	www.nwcreation.net /wiki/index.php?title=Talk:Carbon-14_dating (422 words)

	growth.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In 1949 Willard Frank Libby (1908-1980) invented the technique of carbon dating.
		This is based upon the radioactive decay of the isotope C-14: Two types of carbon occur naturally in our environment - carbon-12, which is not radio active, and carbon-14, which is radioactive with a halflife of 5730 years.
		When the organism dies, however, no new carbon is absorbed, the amount of carbon-12 does not change, and the amount of carbon-14 decreases exponentially.
	cerebro.xu.edu /math/math171/99s14/growth13.html (197 words)

	Radioactive Dating Explained
		Carbon 14 dating is of limited use to geologists.
		Carbon 14 dating depends on the half-life of carbon 14.
		Carbon 14 is produced in the upper atmosphere.
	www.ridgenet.net /~do_while/sage/v4i10f.htm (2533 words)

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