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Topic: Carbon suboxide

	Carbon dioxide - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas which, when inhaled at high concentrations (a dangerous activity because of the associated asphyxiation risk), produces a sour taste in the mouth and a stinging sensation in the nose and throat.
		Acute carbon dioxide toxicity is sometimes known as choke damp, an old mining industry term, and was the cause of death at Lake Nyos in Cameroon, where an upwelling of CO -laden lake water in 1986 covered a wide area in a blanket of the gas, killing nearly 2000.
		The decreased binding to oxygen in the blood due to increased carbon dioxide levels is known as the Haldane Effect, and is important in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Carbon_dioxide (4541 words)

	Carbon dioxide
		Atmospheric carbon dioxide derives from multiple natural sources including volcanic outgassing, the combustion of organic matter, and the respiration processes of living aerobic organisms; man-made sources of carbon dioxide come mainly from the burning of various fossil fuels for heating, power generation and transport use.
		Carbon dioxide may be obtained from air distillation, however this yields only relatively small quantities of CO A large variety of chemical reactions yield carbon dioxide, such as the reaction between most acids and most metal carbonates.
		Carbon dioxide is an end product in organisms that obtain energy from breaking down sugars, fats and amino acids with oxygen as part of their metabolism, in a process known as cellular respiration.
	www.wikipediaondvd.com /nav/art/i/r.html (4195 words)

	Carbon - Wikipedia
		Carbon was not created in the big bang due to the fact that it needs a triple collision of alpha particles (Helium nuclei) to be produced.
		The most prominent oxide of carbon is carbon dioxide, CO This is a minor component of the Earth's atmosphere, produced and used by living things, and a common volatile elsewhere.
		Carbon monoxide is formed by incomplete combustion, and is a colorless, odorless gas.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbon (662 words)

	Carbon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carbon is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol C and atomic number 6.
		Carbon is a vital component of all known living systems, and without it life as we know it could not exist (see carbon chauvinism).
		Carbon is used as a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbon (2117 words)

	carbon monoxide
		Carbon monoxide from automobile and industrial emissions is a dangerous pollutant that may contribute to the greenhouse effect and global warming.
		Carbon monoxide was first prepared by the French chemist de Lassone in 1776 by heating zinc oxide with coke but thought it to be hydrogen by mistake as it burned with a blue flame.
		Carbon monoxide and methanol react in the presence of a homogeneous rhodium catalyst and HI to give acetic acid in the Monsanto process, which is responsible for most of the industrial production of acetic acid.
	www.sfcrowsnest.com /scifinder/a/Carbon_monoxide.php (1426 words)

	Carbon (C) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Carbon forms compounds with the halogens with CX as general formula, where X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
		Carbon is present in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide in 0,03% in volume.
		Carbon dioxide is used in drinks carbonatation, in fire extinguishers and, in solid state, as a cooler (dry ice).
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/C-en.htm (983 words)

	Carbon
		Carbon () is the chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol C and atomic number 6.
		The major economic use of carbon is in the form of hydrocarbons, most notably the fossil fuels methane gas and crude oil.
		During photosynthesis, the carbon that becomes fixed in plant tissue is significantly depleted in C-13 relative to the atmosphere.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/carbon.html (1835 words)

	U.S. Patent: 6051167 - Process of making carbon-carbon composites - April 18, 2000
		Since the carbon yield from resins or pitches is generally limited to less than 50-70%, multiple cycles of impregnation and pyrolysis is required as practiced, prior to the present invention, to achieve a reasonable density (low porosity) composite, the density of the composite is directly related to the composite mechanical properties.
		The temperature, pressure and concentration of reactants determine whether a solid carbon surface is converted to a layer of silicon carbide, whiskers are nucleated on the surface of the carbon or silicon carbide.
		Carbon materials investigated include bottoms or residual known as resid, uncalcined petroleum coke sometimes referred to as green carbon coke from refinery operations and cokes from various other sources such as from steel mill operations, cokes from coal precursors including coal tar and synthetic organics that produce cokes or fixed carbons.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat6051167.html (10443 words)

	suboxide - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Diels’s first chemical discovery was of an organic molecule called carbon suboxide, which he found in 1906.
		Carbon suboxide, or tricarbon dioxide, C 3 O 2, is a colorless pungent gas, with four cumulative double bonds, making it a cumulene.
		Boron suboxide (chemical formula B60) is a solid compound of boron and oxygen.
	encarta.msn.com /suboxide.html (150 words)

	CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12) - Encyclopedia Britannica - CARBON (symbol C, atomic weight 12) - JCSM's Study ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Amorphous carbon is obtained by the destructive distillation of many carbon compounds, the various kinds differing very greatly as regards physical, characters and purity, according to the substance used for their preparation.
		The volume composition of carbon monoxide is established by exploding a mixture of the gas with oxygen, two volumes of the gas combining with one volume of oxygen to form two volumes of carbon dioxide.
		Carbon dioxide, CO2, is a gas first distinguished from air by van Helmont (15771644), who observed that it was formed in fermentation processes and during combustion, and gave to it the name gas sylvestre.
	www.jcsm.org /StudyCenter/Encyclopedia_Britannica/CAL_CAR/CARBON_symbol_C_atomic_weight_.html (2410 words)

	Carbon dioxide - CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science
		Carbon Dioxide is made up of two Oxygen atoms, and one Carbon atom.
		Carbon dioxide is used in several different things, including the more well-known substances we use on occasion, such as dry ice (a refrigerant, solid form of CO), carbonation in beverages (like Pepsi or Coke), and in fire extinguishers.
		Carbon dioxide also causes the rising of bread dough, because it is formed by the action of yeast or baking powder.
	creationwiki.org /Carbon_dioxide (413 words)

	Carbon Suboxide - Reciprocal Net Common Molecules (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Explanation: Carbon Suboxide is a foul-smelling, lachrymatory gas produced by the dehydration of malonic acid, CH2(COOH)2, with P4O10.
		Since carbon suboxide is the acid anhydride of malonic acid, it reacts slowly with water to produce that acid.
		In the laboratory, carbon suboxide, is widely used as a source of atomic carbon.
	www.reciprocalnet.org /recipnet/showsample.jsp?sampleId=27344306 (207 words)

	Oyama's hypothesis, about the active nature of the Martian soil
		In an effort to explain the puzzling results obtained by the Viking biology experiments, astrobiologist Vance Oyama began by assuming that intense solar ultraviolet radiation breaks down, by photodissociation, carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Martian atmosphere into activated carbon monoxide (CO) and single atoms of oxygen (O).
		The carbon monoxide is further broken down into its constituents, carbon and oxygen.
		The presence of this polymer in the Martian soil, together with the use of radioactive carbon-14 as a labeler, are the keys to understanding the curious results of the Viking pyrolytic release (PR) experiment, claimed Oyama.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/O/OyamaHypoth.html (604 words)

	Chemical Compounds - Oxides of carbon. Carbon forms two well-known oxides, carbon monoxide, CO, and carbon dioxide, ...
		Carbon dioxide is produced when any form of carbon or almost any carbon compound is burned in an excess of oxygen.
		The carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere has signif-icantly increased in the last several years largely because of the burning of fossil fuels.
		Atmospheric carbon dioxide is in dynamic equilibrium with that dissolved in water and with that bound primarily as carbonate in the Earth's crust.
	www.c-f-c.com /gaslink/docs/carbon.htm (798 words)

	Carbon
		Carbon monoxide is created when carbon is burned in a deficiency of oxygen, as in charcoal fires, internal combustion engines, poorly drafted and vented heaters and furnaces, fuel gases, and in methane explosions in coal mines.
		Petroleum is to carbon as silica is to silicon.
		The composition of a carbon fuel is given by a proximate analysis in terms of fixed carbon, volatiles, ash and moisture, or by an ultimate analysis of the dry fuel in terms of percentages of C, H, S, O, N and ash.
	mysite.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/carbon.htm (16790 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Carbon suboxide will be used as a unique source of the small carbon-rich molecules which are believed to serve as building blocks for non-petrochemically derived carbon compounds in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
		Carbon suboxide will be used as a source of oxygen in the selective oxidation of organic compounds under mild conditions.
		Carbon suboxide will be used as a source of carbon fragments for the formation of metal complexes of such species as carbide, ketenylidene and ketene.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/MPS/CHE.MPS.a8818607.txt (175 words)

	Carbon
		Carbon is used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.
		Carbon has two stable, naturally-occurring isotopes: Carbon-12, or C-12, (98.89%) and Carbon-13, or C-13, (1.11%), and one unstable, naturally-occurring, radioisotope, Carbon-14 or C-14.
		Carbon monoxide (CO), which is present in the exhaust of combustion engines, and cyanide (CN), which is sometimes in mining pollution, are extremely toxic to mammals.
	www.keywordmage.net /ca/carbon.html (1680 words)

	Carbon
		Carbon monoxide is created when carbon is burned in a deficiency of oxygen, as in charcoal fires, internal combustion engines, poorly drafted and vented heaters and furnaces, fuel gases, and in methane explosions in coal mines.
		Petroleum is to carbon as silica is to silicon.
		The composition of a carbon fuel is given by a proximate analysis in terms of fixed carbon, volatiles, ash and moisture, or by an ultimate analysis of the dry fuel in terms of percentages of C, H, S, O, N and ash.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/carbon.htm (16712 words)

	Carbon dioxide - Wikivisual
		Monthly measurements taken at Mauna LoaKeeling, C.D.; T.P. Whorf. Atmospheric carbon dioxide record from Mauna Loa. Retrieved on 2006-04-19. since 1958 show an increase from 316 µL/L in that year to 376 µL/L in 2003, an overall increase of 60 µL/L during the 44-year history of the measurements.
		The Earth's oceans contain a huge amount of carbon dioxide in the form of bicarbonate and carbonate ions—much more than the amount in the atmosphere.
		Carbon dioxide was first liquefied (at elevated pressures) in 1823 by Humphry Davy and Michael Faraday.
	en.wikivisual.com /index.php/Carbon_dioxide (4428 words)

	Astron. Astrophys. 321, 618-624 (1997) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is interesting to note that except for the experiment at the lowest dose the sum of carbon atoms from CO, CO and suboxides, is lower than the amount of initial carbon, and becomes lower and lower as the irradiation dose increases.
		O bond, the carbon atom has a high probability to bond with molecular oxygen, producing carbon dioxide at a higher rate as it is made clear from the comparison between Figs.
		Suboxides are absent when molecular oxygen is in the mixture and have a different peak positions and FWHM in pure CO and in the mixture with nitrogen.
	aa.springer.de /papers/7321002/2300618/sc3.htm (1239 words)

	Subjective Suboxide
		Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are probably the best known molecules containing just carbon and oxygen, but they do form others, such as carbon suboxide (C
		Carbon suboxide was discovered in 1906 and is a linear molecule in which all five atoms are bound to each other with double bonds in the order O=C=C=C=O. The gas-phase compound reacts spontaneously, forming a solid polymer-macromolecule composed of many individual C
		The second oxygen atom is connected by a double bond to one of the carbon atoms directly neighboring the oxygen in the ring.
	www.reactivereports.com /42/42_3.html (309 words)

	Chemical Interactions
		Three oxides of carbon are known: carbon monoxide, CO; carbon dioxide, CO and carbon suboxide C 0.
		Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas.
		Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas with a very weak acid taste.
	www.msnucleus.org /membership/html/jh/physical/chemicalinteractions/lesson1/cheminter1b.html (470 words)

	The Creation of Recent Gullies on Mars \| Martian Soil
		It could form in a layer of dry ice (Although there is some evidence that in pure carbon dioxide ice it may not form) and maybe on the sublimation of the dry ice be released to flow.
		Where the gullies form in alcoves near the rim of a crater carbon suboxide could still be a candidate by the same mechanism for the proposal of water rich snow pack causing the gullies except the carbon suboxide would be mixed into dry ice snow.
		Carbon suboxide may not be the gully (or guilty) agent of Mars gullies but a compound or compounds that we are not normally familiar with may be a factor.
	www.martiansoil.com /archives/003748.php (1116 words)

	ch11-6
		As the ultraviolet radiation continues to bombard the atmosphere, some of the carbon monoxide is further reduced to its constituents, carbon and oxygen.
		Oyama postulated that the carbon suboxide molecules were united to form a carbon suboxide polymer.
		This single carbon suboxide molecule (monomer) would tend to stick to the pyrolytic release experiment's organic vapor trap and with subsequent heating would be released as the critical "second peak" the specialists observed in the experiment's data.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4212/ch11-6.html (2398 words)

	Carbon
		Carbon dioxide is formed in huge quantities by the combustion of fossil fuels.
		Carbon monoxide is formed by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.
		In the carbon monoxide molecule the atoms are joined by a triple bond and both atoms are sp hybridized.
	www.uncp.edu /home/mcclurem/ptable/carbon.htm (718 words)

	Upto11.net - Wikipedia Article for Carbon
		Structure: comparatively large molecules formed completely of carbon bonded trigonally, forming spheroids (of which the most well-known and simplest is the buckminsterfullerene or buckyball).
		The three relatively well-known allotropes of carbon are amorphous, graphite, and diamond.
		There are a tremendous number of carbon compounds; some are lethally poisonous (cyanide, CN), some are essential to life (dextrose), and some are both (carbon dioxide, CO References
	www.upto11.net /generic_wiki.php?q=carbon (2322 words)

	Carbon Suboxide, a Highly Reactive Intermediate from the Abiotic Degradation of Aromatic Compounds in Soil
		In this context, the present work investigates the natural formation of carbon suboxide using the model compounds catechol and 3,5-dichlorocatechol and also a soil sample from a peat bog.
		We also found that the formation of carbon suboxide requires a definite activation energy and that it is rather short-lived in the natural environment.
		Experimental parameters for the highest yield of carbon suboxide depend on the precise molecular structure of the model compound or on the individual soil sample, respectively.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/esthag/asap/abs/es071530z.html (251 words)

	18th ICDERS Short Abstract (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The appearance of the laser-vaporization supersonic technique made it possible to study the properties of carbon clusters in detail as they grew through the size range of 40 to 100 carbon atoms in cluster.
		In the current work, the results of the kinetic modeling of thermal decomposition of carbon suboxide and formation, transformation, and thermal decomposition of fullerene-like and soot-like solid carbon particles formed behind incident and reflected shock waves (the two-step heating technique) are presented.
		It was revealed that the second high-temperature peak of the solid carbon particle yield has a specific fine structure, which depends on the prehistory of the process of carbon particle formation behind incident shock wave.
	www.engr.washington.edu /epp/icders/abstracts/227.htm (198 words)

	Chemie.DE News-Center: The structure of a polymeric carbon suboxide is finally cleared up
		The structure of a polymeric carbon suboxide is finally cleared up
		03 Nov 2004 - In addition to the well-known compounds carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, carbon and oxygen form other compounds of which carbon suboxide (C3O2) is one of the most stable.
		The mystery of the structure of polymeric carbon suboxide has been cleared up.
	www.chemie.de /news/e/40633 (330 words)

	COMP 225 - Theoretical study of carbon suboxide coordination with transition metals (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Theoretical study of carbon suboxide coordination with transition metals
		is bent at the central carbon atom, with a very small barrier to linearity.
		Its flexibility is due to the fact that the linear (cumulene) and the bent (carbene) forms are very close in energy.
	membership.acs.org /C/COMP/pastprograms/spr03/P612419.HTM (158 words)

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