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Topic: Carbon tax

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	Charles Komanoff
		Carbon taxes are the ideal vehicle for doing so, since they touch every molecule of carbon fuel and directly address an acknowledged environmental catastrophe, climate destruction and global warming.
		Taxes are never popular, but a phased-in carbon tax could be "sold'' as less burdensome than the alternatives.
		A carbon tax is no abstract principle but a concrete expression of concern for Earth's future as well as a here-and-now way to revive crumbling public-sector finances.
	www.komanoff.net /fossil/carbon_taxes.php (1197 words)

	Ecological Tax Reform: Carbon Taxes with Tax Reductions in Minnesota
		Carbon taxes with offsets in traditional taxes, as the core of a reformed economic-development policy, could give a clear and consistent signal to businesses as to where the state is headed.
		Tax revenues in excess of social-security contributions in the high tax case are returned to households and businesses, apportioned according to their carbon tax payments.
		In each case, the energy-demand reduction induced by the tax is marked by an initial sharp drop in demand, followed by steady growth at a rate less than that which would have occurred in the absence of a carbon tax.
	www.tellus.org /energy/publications/mnexecsm.html (6978 words)

	Taxing Carbon to Finance Tax Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A carbon tax, in particular, is an effective fiscal policy option that would simultaneously support federal tax reform initiatives, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and promote sound energy policies.
		A carbon tax is a consumption tax levied on the carbon content of oil, coal, and natural gas.
		Taxing the carbon content of these fossil fuels is an efficient means of assigning costs to the carbon dioxide emissions they release when burned for energy.
	forests.wri.org /taxingcarbon-pub-4177.html (372 words)

	Social and Economic Policy,
		Carbon taxes, and all environmental taxes, are "priced-based" policy instruments.
		Taxes are not susceptible to strategic behavior by firms or non-governmental organizations which may harm the contractual environment of the market.
		Carbon taxes earn revenue, which can be "recycled" back into the economy by reducing taxes on income, labor and/or capital investment.
	www.globalpolicy.org /socecon/glotax/carbon/ct_et.htm (1780 words)

	Carbon Taxing - Background
		This tax change involves reorienting the tax code by eliminating existing taxes on those things, which society wishes to encourage, such as income and labor, and imposing taxes onto behaviors, which society wishes to discourage, such as pollution and other environmentally destructive practices.
		Second, by favoring cleaner fuels, carbon taxes have the potential to reduce harmful emissions of carbon dioxide – a major contributor to current climate changes – as well as bring about an overall reduction in the use of fossil fuels.
		By replacing the most inefficient taxes with taxes that grow in direct proportion to the energy consumed (and, therefore, in greater proportion to the growth of the economy; i.e., are more elastic), states can address both the growing concerns about environmental quality while improving their existing tax structure.
	www.serconline.org /carbontaxing/background.html (760 words)

	Carbon Taxes
		Imposition of a carbon tax implies significant adjustment problems for a number of key Canadian manufacturing and other industries (such as trucking) which are tightly integrated into the mid-continent manufacturing sector.
		In its 1993 final report, the Ontario Fair Tax Commission reiterated many of these concerns and stated "we are sensitive to the substantive competitiveness concerns raised by the introduction of carbon tax in Ontario".
		Suggestions that a carbon tax be set at a moderate rate and be accompanied by reductions in other business taxes have merit, but are only a start.
	www.ontruck.org /issues/docs/carbon.htm (910 words)

	Global Warming and Equity - Actions: Carbon Tax
		A carbon tax is a tax on the carbon content of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas and oil.
		A carbon or fuel tax would eventually cost householders more in direct costs of fuels such as petrol, and indirectly in the prices they pay for goods which require the use of fuel in their production and transport.
		However, a carbon tax, which is a seemingly simple and convenient economic mechanism, should not be used to avoid more direct and dependable measures such as legislation, urban planning and development controls, research and development into alternative technologies, and lifestyle changes.
	www.uow.edu.au /arts/sts/sbeder/STS300/equity/greenhouse/carbontax.html (885 words)

	Carbon Tax Provides Fairest Incentive For Curbing Global Warming
		A carbon tax would be paid whenever a molecule of carbon dioxide is emitted to the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.
		A carbon tax would provide the maximum incentive for bright engineers to improve the efficiency of fossil fuel use in all sectors of society.
		Carbon tax revenues could be directed to general government expenditures, so that income tax rates could be reduced for all Americans -- or perhaps those at the lower income levels.
	www.dukenews.duke.edu /2005/05/carbontax.html (842 words)

	Solution: Carbon tax - July 5 \| EnergyBulletin.net \| Peak Oil News Clearinghouse
		Carbon tax proposals were first advanced by economists and later endorsed by environmentalists.
		One design would be to tax the carbon content of all energy produced in Canada regardless of whether the resources were destined for domestic use or export.
		So here's the idea: Create a carbon tax -- basically a tax on energy calculated based on its carbon content -- and use the new revenue to provide offsetting cuts in the income tax, the payroll tax (the tax on wages used to fund Social Security), or both.
	www.energybulletin.net /17867.html (1442 words)

	Eco-Taxation
		In 1997 the tax code was revised again and the industry rate was returned to 50% and the overall tax on carbon emissions was raised to.365 SEK/kg ($150 per ton) of CO2 released.
		These include the fact that the overall tax level for industry users of fossil fuels was reduced as a result of the 1991 carbon tax.
		However, as a result of the carbon tax and its tax exemption on the use of waste fuels, many oil-based byproducts began to be used by local heating districts for heating purposes.
	www.colby.edu /personal/t/thtieten/eco-taxation.htm (1614 words)

	Carbon tax - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is an example of a pollution tax, which has been proposed by economists as preferable because it taxes a "bad" rather than a "good" (such as income).
		As a carbon tax addresses a negative externality, it is classed as a Pigovian tax, named after Arthur Pigou, who first proposed a solution to the problem of externalities.
		The carbon tax is an indirect tax — a tax on a transaction — as opposed to a direct tax, which taxes income.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbon_tax (992 words)

	EC Carbon Tax
		The environmental impact of implementing the tax should be to reduce CO2 emissions in the EC to 1990 or earlier levels; the environmental impact of the tax should be positive.
		The tax is split 50/50 between energy content and carbon content; therefore, high- carbon sources like coal are the hardest hit by the tax, and countries which make higher use of coal will also be most affected by the tax (if they prove unwilling to switch from coal to cleaner fuels).
		The carbon tax, as it was proposed, is an unilateral plan that sets an example for the rest of the international community rather than a comprehensive global plan for reducing CO2 emissions.
	gurukul.ucc.american.edu /ted/eccarbon.htm (3779 words)

	Energy Taxes - Social and Economic Policy - Global Policy Forum
		Thus, the goal of carbon tax (and all environmental tax) policy is to correct market failures by internalizing economic externalities, enabling the price of goods and services to reflect full social and environmental costs.
		In response, Pitkin County has implemented the world’s stiffest tax on carbon emissions, rated at $340 per ton of carbon dioxide, as part of a plan to finance green projects in the region.
		The Commission argues that government’s proposals for an energy tax should be an intermediate stage in the introduction of a carbon tax.
	www.globalpolicy.org /socecon/glotax/carbon/index.htm (1335 words)

	Carbon Taxing - Bill Text
		To determine the levels of taxation that might be appropriate for your state, review the carbon taxing model created by the Center for a Sustainable Economy.
		This bill requires that an assessment of the equivalent of $X per ton of carbon content be levied on the use of applicable carbon-based fuels for personal or commercial consumption and for combustion in the generating facility of an electric utility.
		Calculation of the amount of carbon must be based on the estimated carbon content of the fuel according to fuel type or subtype.
	www.serconline.org /carbontaxing/legislation.html (1917 words)

	EconLog, Carbon Tax Club?, Arnold Kling: Library of Economics and Liberty
		When a nation applies a VAT tax for socialized medicine, the appeal is to have fewer children and live forever on goverment medicine.
		The carbon tax is a pay per use, not a mandatory purchase, making it more akin to a free market purchase of services.
		What this really argues for is not a carbon tax per se, but rather a system of charging people for the use of roads.
	econlog.econlib.org /archives/2006/06/carbon_tax_club.html (3165 words)

	Insitute for Local Self-Reliance - Green Taxes Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These taxes are used to generate revenue to pay for the damages and cleanup costs from pollution and to pay for measures to reduce future pollution.
		A carbon tax introduced into the Maryland House of Delegates in 1992 included a tax cap of $250,000 per enterprise regardless of whether the business were engaged in export.
		One way to deal with the inequities resulting from an across the board carbon tax would be to return a significant portion of the revenue to the low income community for energy efficiency.
	www.ilsr.org /ecotax/greentax.html (3721 words)

	TomPaine.com - Welcome, Carbon Tax
		New Zealand just announced that it will levy a tax on carbon emissions from the industrial and energy sectors. It will be offset by a tax cut to small businesses and the opportunity to renegotiate the tax if companies can demonstrate that they using the latest emission-reducing technology.
		The tax shift I want to see would lighten the burden on income taxes in a progressive way—at once returning the power back into the consumer and making sure that prices accurately reflect the costs of products to society.
		That kind of progressive tax shift would be compatible with a cap-and-trade mechanism (which works well for generalized pollutants like carbon dioxide equivalents, but not for localized toxic emmissions like mercury).
	www.tompaine.com /articles/welcome_carbon_tax.php (425 words)

	CBC News In Depth: Kyoto and beyond
		The carbon tax, sometimes called a green tax, was a popular idea in the early 1990s when climate change and other global environmental issues were first coming to the fore.
		More recently, he has also argued that a carbon tax would help change destructive environmental behaviour and that it would be welcomed by privately-owned utilities in particular so they can justify clean technology to their profit-demanding shareholders.
		A national carbon tax, if it came to that, could have a direct impact on big projects, like in the oil sands, that are pegged to projected demand and tight schedules.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/kyoto/carbon-tax.html (2230 words)

	[No title]
		The government has announced a carbon tax of $15 a tonne as part of its obligations under the Kyoto Protocol on climate change which it signed in 2002.
		The carbon tax will add around one cent to the cost of a unit of electricity, about four cents to a litre of petrol, 46 cents to a nine kilogram bottle of LPG and 68 cents to a 20 kilo bag of coal.
		The carbon tax will not lead to an increase in government revenue, he says, and net proceeds from it will be used for tax changes elsewhere, which will be announced as part of the business tax package in the budget.
	www.climateark.org /shared/reader/welcome.aspx?linkid=41423 (610 words)

	New Zealand first to levy carbon tax \| Special reports \| Guardian Unlimited (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 2003 the government planned to impose a methane tax on farmers because flatulence of cows and sheep was responsible for more than half of New Zealand's total greenhouse gas emissions.
		Reaction to the carbon tax was mixed yesterday.
		Other countries, especially in Europe, have energy taxes which are weighted against producers but New Zealand is believed to be the first to ask the public to pay directly for the costs of reducing global warming.
	www.guardian.co.uk /climatechange/story/0,12374,1476775,00.html (525 words)

	Carbon capture and storage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an approach to mitigating climate change by capturing carbon dioxide (CO) from large point sources such as power plants and subsequently storing it away safely instead of releasing it into the atmosphere.
		Here, carbon dioxide is captured from flue gases at power stations (in the case of coal, this is sometimes known as "clean coal").
		Sleipner [2] is the oldest project (1996) and is located in the North Sea where Norway's Statoil strips carbon dioxide from natural gas with amine solvents and disposes of this carbon dioxide in a saline formation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage (2669 words)

	Carbon Trading and Carbon Tax
		Carbon Trading is an integral part of the Kyoto Protocol and a direct result of the Kyoto summit on climate change in 1997.
		Those companies who are already involved in a CCL Agreement, and hence receiving a levy discount, are not directly eligible for Carbon Trading.
		The Carbon Trading initiative is completely voluntary – but the government is currently allocating resource in order to ensure that the necessary framework is in place for the future implementation of such a scheme on a mandatory level.
	www.biu.com /carbonTrading1.html (516 words)

	RTE Business - McCreevy seeks views on carbon tax
		The tax is aimed at limiting emissions of greenhouse gases in line with Ireland's obligations under the Kyoto agreement.
		In a consultation paper, the Department of Finance says the tax would be applied according to the carbon content of various fuels, including peat, coal, petrol, diesel and natural gas.
		The proposals would involve new taxes on natural gas, coal and peat and higher taxes on petrol and diesel.
	www.rte.ie /business/2003/0731/carbon.html (287 words)

	Carbon Info Center - PDF file downloads
		Carbon County KOZ Brochure 2.16 Mb - This is a user-friendly guide to Carbon County's many available tax-free KOZ properties.
		This detailed Carbon County map is very detailed and includes major roadways as well as nearly all communities, municipalities and townships.
		For all the details on Carbon County's schools visit this extensive site, which is also broken down by school district.
	www.carbonecon.com /info.htm (398 words)

	Odograph.com » Blog Archive » Carbon Tax
		Yes, I’m talking about a carbon tax — the only mechanism powerful and direct enough for the daunting task of phasing out fossil fuels.
		Don’t forget, a heavy carbon tax means enormous revenues, enough to eliminate not just workers’ social security payments but, most likely, all federal income taxes on everyone’s first $100,000 of income, and state sales taxes to boot.
		Recycling the tax windfall through rebates or tax shifts will ensure that in the aggregate the nation’s hundred million households have as much money as now.
	odograph.com /?p=611 (435 words)

	Carbon tax? City is first to try it - Environment - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The city of Boulder, where residents on Tuesday passed the first carbon tax in the nation, is nestled against the foothills of the Rocky Mountains.
		Voters in a Colorado university town nestled in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains have passed the country’s first municipal carbon tax to fight global warming.
		Carbon taxes have been a subject of debate in the United States, the world’s leading consumer of fossil fuels, as some communities try to reduce the output of gases scientists link to global warming.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/15651688 (597 words)

	Planet Ark : Japan should Introduce Carbon Tax in 2007 - Ministry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		But it said the introduction of an environment tax on gasoline, diesel and jet fuel should be delayed "for a while" to avoid putting too much economic burden on end-users as they were already paying heavy taxes on fossil fuels amid high oil prices.
		The ministry said in a statement that the tax should be 2,400 yen ($20.85) on a tonne of carbon emitted from fuels.
		The tax would generate income of 37 billion yen a year for the government and result in a payment of 2,100 yen per year for an average household.
	www.planetark.com /dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/33193/story.htm (675 words)

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