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Topic: Carbon tetrafluoride

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	Halomethane - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An example is the creation of carbon tetrachloride in small (yet slightly dangerous) quantities when carbon bearing materials are present in drinking water disinfected with chlorine gas.
		As carbon tetrachloride is believed to be carcinogenic (cancer causing), chlorine gas is being replaced with chloramine for this use.
		Carbon tetrafluoride (CF), a low boiling point gas used in refrigeration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Halomethane (446 words)

	CARBON (symbol C, atom... - Online Information article about CARBON (symbol C, atom...
		The volume composition of carbon monoxide is established by exploding a mixture of the gas with oxygen, two volumes of the gas combining with one volume of oxygen to form two volumes of carbon dioxide.
		Lavoisier (1781—1788) first proved it to be an oxide of carbon by burning carbon in the oxygen obtained from the decomposition of mercuric oxide.
		Carbon dioxide is moderately soluble in water, its coefficient of solubility at o° C. being 1.7977 (R. Bunsen).
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /CAL_CAR/CARBON_symbol_C_atomic_weight_1.html (2638 words)

	Carbon (C) - Chemical properties, Health and Environmental effects
		Carbon forms compounds with the halogens with CX as general formula, where X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
		Carbon is present in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide in 0,03% in volume.
		Carbon dioxide is used in drinks carbonatation, in fire extinguishers and, in solid state, as a cooler (dry ice).
	www.lenntech.com /Periodic-chart-elements/C-en.htm (983 words)

	Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions \| Committee on the Science of Climate Change \| Division on ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Carbon dioxide is naturally absorbed and released by the terrestrial biosphere as well as by the oceans.
		Carbon dioxide is also formed by the burning of wood, coal, oil, and natural gas, and these activities have increased steadily during the last two centuries since the Industrial Revolution.
		A marked seasonal oscillation of carbon dioxide concentration exists, especially in the northern hemisphere because of the extensive draw down of carbon dioxide every spring and summer as the green plants convert carbon dioxide into plant material, and the return in the rest of the year as decomposition exceeds photosynthesis.
	fermat.nap.edu /html/climatechange/3.html (4656 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions (2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		That the burning of fossil fuels is a major cause of the CO2 increase is evidenced by the concomitant decreases in the relative abundance of both the stable and radioactive carbon isotopes 3 and the decrease in atmospheric oxygen.
		Black Carbon (soot) The study of the role of fl carbon in the atmosphere is relatively new.
		Organic carbon aerosols are produced naturally by vegetation and anthropogenically in the burning of fossil fuels and biomass.
	fermat.nap.edu /books/0309075742/html/9.html (5525 words)

	Carbon tetrafluoride (75-73-0) Abstracts. Fluoride Action Network Pesticide Project.
		carbon tetrafluoride, are produced or emitted from a variety of processes, including manufacture of aluminum and processing of semiconductor devices.
		Stratospheric volume mixing ratio profiles of carbon tetrafluoride, CF4, obtained with the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) instrument during the ATLAS (Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science) -3 mission of 1994 are reported.
		For this purpose, carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) was chosen as the fire extinguishant because of its very low toxicity and high molecular stability under thermal insult.
	www.flouridealert.com /pesticides/carbon.tetrafluoride.abst.htm (3224 words)

	bc
		Carbon Cycle - A complex cycle that circulates carbon through the atmosphere, oceans, and land which includes vegetation and soil and carbon is in various forms and oxidation states throughout the cycle.
		Carbon disulfide is produced naturally by microbial activity in marshes and in volcanic ash.
		Except for carbon dioxide, it is one of the longest lived naturally occurring atmospheric carbon compounds (this wording is meant to exclude chlorofluorocarbons).
	www.shsu.edu /~chemistry/Glossary/bc.html (3695 words)

	102-01(test-link) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		At room temperature, carbon tetrafluoride is a gas.
		When the sealed flask is cooled, carbon tetrafluoride changes state from gas to liquid.
		Rather the first reaction occurs with an 80% yield and the second reaction is known to occur with a 60% yield.
	patsy.hunter.cuny.edu /102/test4.html (850 words)

	Law Firm of Pepper Hamilton LLP \| Publications
		That is, they have calculated the global warming potential using the carbon dioxide equivalent of each gas (CO Eq.), which is a weighting factor that is multiplied times the amount of these other gases emitted to determine the amount of carbon dioxide equivalents for each particular gas.
		Methane, nitrous oxide and carbon tetrafluoride, respectively, have 21, 310 and 6,500 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide over a 100-year time frame.
		Unless the cap is increased, all new sources of carbon dioxide emissions (such as new power plants or new factories) would need to obtain an emission credit from the emissions trading market or use a process that does not emit greenhouse gases.
	www.pepperlaw.com /pepper/publications_article.cfm?rid=373.0 (2295 words)

	Plastic Embedding from Energy Beam Sciences
		To etch silicon and silicon nitride from slices a fluorinated gas is required, usually carbon tetrafluoride.
		Quartz, which does not contain boron, is often specified instead of glass when using carbon tetrafluoride to avoid boron contamination.
		The films are normally inert fluorine films and are produced using carbon tetrafluoride.
	www.ebsciences.com /papers/plasma.htm (497 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions About Ozone to the Scientific Assessment Panel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Carbon tetrafluoride is completely unreactive at altitudes up to at least 50 kilometers in the atmosphere.
		As shown in the figure, increases in carbon dioxide is the major contributor to climate change.
		Carbon dioxide concentrations are increasing in the atmosphere primarily as the result of the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas for energy and transportation.
	www.unep.ch /ozone/faq-science.shtml (4823 words)

	Carbon Tetrafluoride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Assure adequate flushing by separating the eyelids with fingers.
		Carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder or appropriate foam.
		Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing to prevent contact with skin and eyes.
	www.camd.lsu.edu /msds/c/chromium(III)_atomic.htm (216 words)

	[No title]
		The carbon atom is electrophilic since it is bound to a (more electronegative) halogen, which pulls electron density away from the carbon, thus polarizing the bond with carbon bearing partial positive charge and the halogen bearing partial negative charge.
		Carbon can only have a maximum of 8 valence electrons, so as the carbon-nucleophile bond is forming, then the carbon-leaving group bond must be breaking.
		Iodide is the leaving group since it leaves with the pair of electrons that once bound it to carbon.
	crab.rutgers.edu /~alroche/Ch06.doc (3510 words)

	a:\freon.HTM
		This 3-digit number tells us that the number of carbon atoms is 2, that is, one less than the number of digits.
		The first digit, 1, tells us that the number of hydrogen atoms on the first carbon is 0 (one less than the digit).
		The number of hydrogen atoms on the second carbon is 2 (one less than the second digit).
	www.faem.com /edward/freon.htm (1739 words)

	[No title]
		) and is therefore a polar molecule; (c) carbon tetrafluoride has four counter-balanced polar bonds and thus is a nonpolar molecule.
		Thus, the C = O bond will be polar, with a partial positive charge on the carbon and a partial negative charge on the oxygen.
		The polar bonds balance each other as in carbon tetrafluoride and the molecule s nonpolar.
	genchem.chem.wisc.edu /sstutorial/Text7/Tx74/tx74.html (572 words)

	How Can Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Get to the Stratosphere if They are Heavier than Air? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		For example, the two gases carbon tetrafluoride (CF4, produced mainly as a byproduct of the manufacture of aluminum) and CFC11 (CCl3F, used in a variety of human activities) are both much heavier than air.
		Carbon tetrafluoride is completely unreactive in the lower 99.9% of the atmosphere, and measurements show it to be nearly uniformly distributed throughout the atmosphere as shown in the figure.
		There have also been measurements over the past two decades of several other completely unreactive gases, one lighter than air (neon) and some heavier than air (argon, krypton), which show that they also mix upward uniformly through the stratosphere regardless of their weight, just as observed with carbon tetrafluoride.
	www.unep.ch /ozone/qstn1.shtml (352 words)

	IPCC Technical Paper I: Industrial Sector
		Carbon savings of 29 Mt are estimated for a 10% increase in OECD recycling of these materials.
		In addition, economy-wide instruments (e.g., phaseout of energy subsidies and adoption of carbon taxes) could affect emissions in the sector by encouraging processes that are less energy- or fossil fuel-intensive.
		Projected average annual growth in both energy use and emissions is close to 1% per year greater for the world as a whole, indicating the growing importance of the industrial sector in non-Annex I countries.
	www.gcrio.org /ipcc/techrepI/industrial.html (2556 words)

	informationsphere.com: Ozone Depleting Chemical
		The use of carbon tetrachloride in developed countries however, has been prohibited since the beginning of 1996 under the Montreal Protocol.
		Methyl chloroform, also known as 1,1,1 trichloroethane is a versatile, all-purpose industrial solvent used primarily to clean metal and electronic parts.
		It was introduced in the 1950s as a substitute for carbon tetrachloride.
	www.informationsphere.com /html/259.htm (353 words)

	[No title]
		Predict the shape and bond angle for the compound carbon tetrafluoride, CF4.
		What types of hybrid orbitals are involved in the bonding of the silicon atoms in silicon tetrafluoride, SiF4.
		Would you expect carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide to be polar or nonpolar molecules?
	www.bsd405.org /teachers/MorrowM/downloads/Ch16PracProbs.doc (224 words)

	Carbon tetrafluoride - toxicity, ecologicial toxicity and regulatory information
		Carbon tetrafluoride - toxicity, ecologicial toxicity and regulatory information
		Carbon tetrafluoride - Identification, toxicity, use, water pollution potential, ecological toxicity and regulatory information
		Sorry, no water quality standards or criteria have been established for this chemical by the U.S. or Canadian governments; however, there may be criteria established for related chemicals.
	www.pesticideinfo.org /Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC34957 (782 words)

	Part I. Destruction of environmental pollutants by microwave heating and discharge plasmas. Part II. Generation of ...
		Optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry were employed to gain insight into the reaction mechanism.
		Global warming caused by greenhouse gases such as carbon tetrafluoride is a further environmental challenge that mankind faces.
		Activated carbon was used as a catalyst in the presence of water to decompose a mixture of nitrogen and carbon tetrafluoride.
	digitalcommons.uconn.edu /dissertations/AAI3080929 (438 words)

	Long-term stratospheric carbon tetrafluoride (CF₄) increase inferred from 1985–2004 infrared ...
		Long-term stratospheric carbon tetrafluoride (CF) increase inferred from 1985–2004 infrared space-based solar occultation measurements
		The long-term stratospheric carbon tetrafluoride (CF) increase has been determined from infrared high spectral resolution solar occultation Fourier transform spectrometer measurements between 3 and 50 hPa (∼20 to 40 km altitude) and latitudes from 50°N to 50°S during 1985, 1992, 1993, 1994, and 2004.
		Citation: Rinsland, C. Mahieu, R. Zander, R. Nassar, P. Bernath, C. Boone, and L. Chiou (2006), Long-term stratospheric carbon tetrafluoride (CF) increase inferred from 1985–2004 infrared space-based solar occultation measurements, Geophys.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2006/2005GL024709.shtml (400 words)

	EWG Report \|\| Canaries in the Kitchen \|\| Teflon Toxicosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Dealing with multiple cases of polymer fume fever in their workers, DuPont scientists conducted a series of studies beginning in the 1950s to identify the toxic components from heated Teflon, killing birds and rats in efforts to understand the potency of the gases and particles.
		Above 1202°F (650°C), carbon tetrafluoroide and carbon dioxide are the major products generated during the decomposition [7].
		H; these acids were detected by University of Toronto scientists Ellis and Mabury (and coworkers) in a 2001 study in which Teflon was heated to 680°F (360°C) for 2 hours [1].
	www.ewg.org /reports/toxicteflon/chemicals.php (1994 words)

	Relative Molecular Mass Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		How many moles of carbon dioxide are in a tank containing 88 g of carbon dioxide?
		How many grams of carbon tetrafluoride gas are contained in a 0.10 mole sample of that gas?
		(a) 5.00 moles of carbon (molecular mass = 12.0).
	launc.tased.edu.au /online/sciences/physsci/pschem/reactqty/RMMQ.htm (408 words)

	Chemistry : Chapter 15 : Reaction Direction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		There are 2 moles of gas on the reactant side and 1 mole of gas on the product side.
		The equilibrium will shift toward products (right), but since carbon is a solid, its concentration will not change.
		There is one mole of gas on the reactant side and there is 1 mole on the product side.
	www.wwnorton.com /chemistry/concepts/chapter15/ch15_2.htm (876 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Biographical Memoirs V.62 (1993)
		Energy volume relations of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and its mixtures with carbon tetrachloride.
		The solubility and entropy of solution of carbon tetrafluoride and sulfur hexafluoride in nonpolar solvents.
		Diffusion of hydrogen, deuterium, nitrogen, argon, methane and carbon tetrafluoride in carbon tetrachloride.
	www.nap.edu /books/030904782X/html/254.html (272 words)

	Surfx Technologies LLC
		An inert gas, helium or argon, is fed to the source along with a few percent of gas molecules, such as oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, or carbon tetrafluoride, thereby generating O, H, N or F atoms to plasma treat the surface.
		The reaction byproducts are carbon dioxide and water.
		This mixture will produce a high density of fluorine atoms that will etch tungsten, tantalum, silicon and many other thin films at several microns per minute between 200 and 300 °C. See the News and Literature section for publications on this topic.
	www.surfxtechnologies.com /applications.htm (654 words)

	Carbon tetrafluoride Use
		Carbon tetrafluoride - Pesticide use statistics for 2003
		Note: See Working with the Information on this Page section below for important notes about this data.
		For detailed chemical information see the chemical detail page.
	www.pesticideinfo.org /Detail_ChemUse.jsp?Rec_Id=PC34957 (964 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The sleeve is supported with a carbon steel cartridge made of carbon steel 12" standard pipe.
		The supports and holder for the tank 202 are made of carbon steel.
		The sleeve is supported with a carbon steel cartridge made of carbon steel 12"standard pipe.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/73201.001207&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (8285 words)

	Chapter 7 review
		It is equal to the charge on the metal ion.
		Arrange the following substances in order of increasing mass percent of carbon.
		A compound that contains only nitrogen and oxygen is 30.4% N by mass; the molar mass of the compound is 92 g/mol.
	www.mvhs.fuhsd.org /supriya_moore/chemhonors/asigns/Chapter_7r.htm (458 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Traditional etching chemicals, such as, for example, carbon tetrafluoride, hexafluoroethane, perfluoropropane, nitrogen trifluoride, bis (trifluoromethyl) disulfide, and sulfur hexafluoride, and their perfluorinated by-products, such as carbon tetrafluoride and hexafluoroethane, have relatively high Global Warming Potentials.
		Even though the HFC etchant compounds for use in the present invention have a fluorine to carbon ratio no greater than 2 to 1 (as set forth in Formula (1)) which is less than traditional etchants, it has been found that these etchant compounds, nevertheless, etch a wide variety of materials.
		In fact, as shown in the examples below, HFC-245fa, which has a fluorine to carbon ratio of 5: 3, etches some materials more rapidly than its more-fluorinated counterpart HFC- 236fa, which has a fluorine to carbon ratio of 2: 1.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/34427.990708&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (3799 words)

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