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Topic: Carbonless copy paper

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	Carbonless copy paper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carbonless copy paper or NCR paper is an alternative to carbon paper, used to make a copy of an original, handwritten document without the use of any electronics.
		It consists of sheets of paper that are coated on the bottom and/or the top with micro-encapsulated dye or ink and/or a reactive clay.
		Carbonless copy paper was also available in a self-contained version that had both the ink and the clay on the same side of the paper.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbonless_copy_paper (336 words)

	SCIENTISTS TEST CARBONLESS COPY PAPER FOR SICKENING SIDE EFFECTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Carbonless copy paper was patented in 1955 but didn't become widely used until the 1970s.
		With this paper, a copy of a top sheet is created instantly on a bottom sheet when the press of the pen releases dye contained in tiny bubbles.
		Results from air samples showed the same elements discovered in the carbonless copy paper were present in the air of the office using large quantities of the paper.
	www.napa.ufl.edu /oldnews/carbonls.htm (682 words)

	AERO,d.d.
		With low grammage papers the feeding of paper through the press is better in the long grain direction due to improved stiffness.
		A very efficient method of tinted carbonless copy papers on either one or both sides is through the use of tinting units on reel to reel printing machines.
		Carbonless copy paper sets can be numbered by "crash" printing technique or additionally, running the sets again through the press.
	www.aero.si /ps/ac_print.htm (1384 words)

	Remediation
		They were, however, used as a coating in developing a type of carbonless copy paper that was manufactured in the 1950s and 1960s.
		Once discarded, the carbonless paper made its way into the waste stream...and was recycled by several paper manufacturers along the Fox River and elsewhere.
		During the timeframe when carbonless paper was recycled, there was no practical way to identify and separate PCB-contaminated wastepaper from the hundreds of thousands of tons of paper recycled by the mills.
	www.wipapercouncil.org /remediat.htm (513 words)

	Nanotechnology Education & Outreach: "Smart" Papers
		As an analogy to the thermal paper reaction, a clothes iron is applied to a sheet of paper which has an image drawn in lemon juice, which forms color as well.
		Once the papers are dry, have the students apply heat to one of the sheets by using the iron or toaster and observe the colored image.
		Carbonless copy paper is coated with a variety of chemicals, CB sheets have a layer of microcapsules, microscopic capsules, that contain an invisible ink.
	mrsec.wisc.edu /Edetc/IPSE/educators/activities/smPapers.html (1553 words)

	Alligator Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Carbonless copy paper, which is used throughout the world in documents such as credit card receipts and UF housing agreements, may emit harmful chemicals and cause long-term damage, according to a UF professor.
		Schmidt is studying hazardous chemicals associated with carbonless copy paper and their possible entry into the human body.
		The patents concerning carbonless paper were vague, and the chemicals had never been widely studied.
	www.alligator.org /edit/issues/97-sumr/970527/b04carbo.htm (523 words)

	Materials Collected by Emory Recycles
		Also, no copier paper ream wrap, blueprints, NCR paper or carbonless copy paper, or envelopes with windows or made of plastic.
		Paper with some colored print is okay, excessively inked paper should be deposited into mixed paper.
		Unfortunately, paper that has been crosscut in a shredder (producing confetti-like pieces) cannot be baled, and is thus rendered unrecyclable.
	www.fm.emory.edu /recycling/newrecycling.html (647 words)

	CND: Carbonless Copy Paper
		Carbonless paper forms are forms, usually in duplicate or triplicate sets, wherein the papers are coated with chemical that will imprint a copy of what is written on the top form onto the layers of paper below.
		Carbonless paper has become ubiquitous in our society, found in receipt books, cash register tapes, credit card receipts, patient copies of bills from health care providers, and more.
		Another way that CCP chemicals can get inside the body: the paper is handled by our hands, and the chemicals break off and circulate in the air and settle on surfaces throughout the room, heaviest where the CCP paper is in heavy use.
	www.anapsid.org /cnd/mcs/carbonless.html (467 words)

	2/16 - Wisconsin River Cleanup Likely to Haunt NCR
		It was called carbonless copy paper, or NCR (no carbon required) paper, and until 1971 it was made with PCBs at the Appleton Paper Co. plant on the Fox River.
		Carbonless copy paper is the major source of PCB contamination in the river, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
		NCR and Appleton Paper, which agreed in 1978 to split their portion of the cost, could be responsible for 40 percent of the tab.
	www.greatlakesdirectory.org /zarticles/021603_great_lakes3.htm (2610 words)

	Scents or Nonsense
		Smith argues that the disputed documents, copies of which The National Law Journal has obtained, contain important public health information about the dangers of carbonless copy paper and should be made public.
		Carbonless paper is made of colorless dye contained in millions of microscopic capsules.
		Appleton also claims that the fact that carbonless paper gives off an odor may cause it to be singled out unfairly from among a variety of office irritants.
	implants.clic.net /tony/Corner4/099.html (1472 words)

	Sources of PCBs in the Fox River and Green Bay
		Appleton Coated Papers was one of a very few coaters that had the necessary equipment and skill to handle the emulsion.
		Coated Back (CB) paper was used as the front sheet in a form and consisted of paper coated with the PCB containing emulsion on the back of the paper.
		Self Contained (SC) paper was coated with both layers on the front side of the paper and was meant to be used as a second sheet in a form and could be used with any type of paper as the cover sheet.
	www.foxriverwatch.com /pcb_pcbs_sources_1.html (1505 words)

	Indoor Environment Notebook:Healthcare facilities
		Exposure to carbonless copy paper is common in healthcare facilities as it is used for patient charts and other medical records.
		The nature of chemicals used in carbonless copy paper depends on the manufacturer of the base paper as well those added by custom printing services.
		The use of carbonless copy paper by affected employees should also be evaluated.
	www.bsu.edu /web/ien/archives/2000/072700.htm (399 words)

	Carbonless.org - Home
		The purpose is to educate others, including occupational users, of the potential adverse health effects of carbonless copy paper.
		Are you currently or formerly employed by one of the manufacturers of carbonless copy paper, the printing of carbonless copy paper, and used or handled large amounts of ccp?
		We are gathering all the above documentation as evidence on the acute toxicity of carbonless copy paper.
	www.carbonless.org (660 words)

	IngentaConnect Carbonless Copy Paper and Workplace Safety: A Review
		Carbonless copy paper (CCP), introduced in 1954, is ubiquitous in the U.S. marketplace, and because of this, many workers come into contact with it.
		Consistently, CCP in U.S. commerce since 1987 (the focus of this review) has produced neither primary skin irritation nor skin sensitization under exaggerated test conditions, demonstrating that no irritation or sensitization is expected on contact with CCP under normal conditions of manufacture and use.
		Based on the weight of the evidence, CCP currently in commerce in the United States is shown not to be the causative agent for the reported general symptoms sometimes associated with it over the years.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/ap/rt/2000/00000032/00000001/art01408 (508 words)

	Large granule starch protective material for pressure sensitive microencapsulated coatings - Patent 4141747
		Carbonless copy paper is coated with ink containing microcapsules which respond to a sharp impact from a typewriter or other writing instrument to produce a duplicate image on a copy sheet disposed under the top sheet.
		The ink microcapsules of the coating are protected from premature smudging or rupture by means of starch particles included in the paper coating interspersed with the ink microcapsules.
		The refined legume starch particles have proven to be very satisfactory protective particles in carbonless copy paper coatings, and they are more readily available then arrowroot.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4141747.html (3965 words)

	NCR Corporation
		NCR Corporation and Appleton Paper are the two primary sources of PCB contamination in the Fox River and Green Bay, due to their joint production of PCB-coated carbonless copy paper, starting in 1954 and ending in approximately 1972.
		NCR Corporation and Appleton Papers face legal challenges by several groups of former office workers who contend that their health has been damaged by the PCBs and other coatings used on the patented NCR PAPER carbonless sheets.
		(Appleton Papers created their own similar but opposite site to deflect this criticism and claim “five decades of safety.”) It's important to note that PCBs are rapidly absorbed through the skin and volatilize into the air, so long-term office workers (and Appleton's Papers' mill employees) could have experienced significant exposures.
	www.foxriverwatch.com /NCR_corporation.html (2407 words)

	Carbonless Copy Paper - page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Carbonless Copy Paper has been in use in USA, Europe, Japan for more than 40 years.
		CCP has replaced almost half of all where carbon paper was conventionally used.
		Because CCP has greater legibility, less smearing, much cleaner handling, maintaining confidentiality, the price premium is thus overlooked in long run.
	www.reprolite.net /clpaper2.htm (164 words)

	Carbon paper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carbon paper (originally carbonic paper) is paper coated on one side with a layer of a loosely bound dry ink or pigmented coating, usually bound with wax.
		As the ink is transferred from the carbon paper to the underlying paper, an impression of the corresponding text is left on the "carbon" where the ink was removed.
		Also, a carbonless copy paper is still used in situations where instant copies of written documents are needed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbon_paper (242 words)

	Carbonless Copy Paper Regrets from Chemically Injured in Finland
		Once a nurse told me to wash my hands after handling the papers, a good advice that was impossible to follow in the real life, because I was handling those papers all the time.
		Carbonless copy paper was tested, the test was an epicutan test.
		In 1999 a study made in Finland on the use of carbonless copy papers was published, it was said that the exposure to CCPs may be direct, through air via the eyes, the respiratory track, and contact with skin; or indirect, through contact of fingers that have handled the chemical containing paper.
	www.citlink.net /~bhima/carbonlesfinland.htm (1342 words)

	Carbonless.org - UFL Photos
		Below is a presentation, by Charles Schmidt, of the photos taken for the UFL Carbonless Copy Paper Project.
		This project is a study of the effects of carbonless copy paper (CCP) on occupational workers.
		CCP has been a topic of investigation for its potentially toxic effects in recent years.
	www.carbonless.org /ufl_photos.php (322 words)

	Carbonless Copy Paper - NIOSH Topic Page
		According to available data, exposure to certain types of carbonless copy paper or its components has resulted, under some conditions, in mild to moderate symptoms of skin irritation and irritation of the mucosal membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract.
		The NIOSH Hazard Review "Carbonless Copy Paper" is the most comprehensive scientific document available on issues relating to health concerns from exposure to carbonless copy paper.
		It includes extensive information about the components of carbonless copy paper, production processes, published and unpublished scientific data, and historical recommendations for preventing or reducing exposure to carbonless copy paper.
	www.cdc.gov /niosh/topics/ccp (134 words)

	Carbonless Paper Manufacturers,Thermal Paper Manufacturer,Carbonless Paper Suppliers,Thermal Paper Suppliers,India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Established in 1991, Alpha Carbonless Paper is manufacturer, supplier and exporter of carbonless paper, thermal paper, thermal sensitive paper and fax paper.
		Also known as self-copy paper, carbonless paper is best suited for multipart computer stationery, bank pay-in-slips, credit card charge slips, airway bills and a host of commercial business documents daily used by banks, airlines, hotels, import-export houses and others.
		"Alpha" thermal paper is suited for use in thermal fax machines, POS terminals, ATM machines, Top Coated lottery tickets, recording charts, ECG rolls, Airline boarding passes etc. For farther expansion of the product line, Coated Inkjet Paper (Glossy Photo paper) and Fluorescent-coated papers are under trials and to be introduced shortly).
	www.indiamart.com /alphacarbonless (390 words)

	Prop 65 Carbonless Paper Litigation
		On December 22, 1999, a lawsuit was filed alleging that a number of major paper manufacturers violated Prop 65 for exposing individuals to formaldehyde, benzene, toluen diisocyanate, and toluene from carbonless paper.
		The suit also alleges that individual plaintiffs have suffered personal injuries from exposures to carbonless paper.
		On August 21, 2000, Judge Garcia of the SF Superior Court dismissed claims relating to workplace exposures, holding that the preemption of the OSH Act precluded the imposition of Prop 65 liability on out-of-state manufacturers.
	www.calprop65.com /carbonless.html (181 words)

	AllAllergy.Net - Allergy & Asthma Organisations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		We are committed to excellence in research, education and training in all areas of allergy, asthma, immunology and allergic diseases in Canada.
		Our goal is to provide all the information available on the potential toxicity of carbonless copy paper (CCP) with reported adverse health problems associated in using or handling ccp.
		Our purpose is to educate others, including occupational users, of the potential adverse health effects of carbonless copy paper.
	allallergy.net /organizations/index.cfm/cceoc/L/cntry/z/page/p3 (668 words)

	CND: Judge Orders Web Site Operators to Deliver Documents to Court
		The leading manufacturer of such paper, Appleton Papers Inc. of Wisconsin, says no scientific evidence supports fears of disease, but maintains that many of the documents contain trade secrets that should be allowed to remain confidential.
		The paper is being studied by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
		The paper is coated with "microcapsules" of toxic chemicals that react to the pressure of pens, but also burst during storage and require a cool, well-ventilated storage area.
	www.anapsid.org /cnd/mcs/carbonless3.html (797 words)

	Paper Machinery and Paper Machines - Carbonless Copy Paper
		The paper translates pressure into a dye reaction which transfers the image to the copy.
		Carbonless copy papers are mainly used for continuous form sets, for cov-ered pay slips, for vouchers to be dispatched by post and for payment forms.
		A paper that uses a chemical reaction between two different contacting coatings to transfer image when pressure is applied.
	www.paper-machinery.com /dictionary/Carbonless_Copy_Paper.asp (153 words)

	Carbonless.org - JAMA Report
		Here is the abstract from http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/ of an article that appeared in the JAMA in 1984 on Carbonless paper.
		She was a clerk/typist with frequent exposures to CCP during her working hours.
		On two separate occasions, she was purposely challenged in a controlled-blinded fashion with portions of the carbonless copy paper.
	www.carbonless.org /jama_report.php (2121 words)

	Carbonless Paper pallet Stationary Tapes paper box Manufacturer Malaysia
		Our carbonless papers provide crisp, clear images from the first form to the last.
		Kraft paper can be use to produce various type of containers, paper bags, and components for various packaging functions.
		We assures that all our products: carbonless paper, pallet, boxes, paper bags, paper tubes or paper cores, emulsion polymers and adhesive tapes have been inspected and pass QC inspection before delivery to customers.
	www.ron-seng.com.my (286 words)

	Carbonless Copy Paper and Pregnancy Risks
		He gave me the restriction not to handle the carbonless copy paper (CCP) forms that were a part of my job.
		I have had a SPECT scan confirming that I have brain damage from the chemicals in the forms.
		See page 19 and 20 for reference to carbonless paper and the known toxic chemicals that the papers emit.
	www.citlink.net /~bhima/carbonlepreg.htm (651 words)

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