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Topic: Carbonyl group

Related Topics

Carboxyl group

Carboxylic acid

Aryl

Enolate anion

Alcohol

Acrylic acid

Maillard reaction

Ester

Alkyl

Grignard reagent

Aromatic hydrocarbon

Protein

Polyester

Bacterium

Acrylic

	Carbonyl - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
		Examples of unsaturated carbonyls are acrolein, mesityl oxide, acrylic acid and maleic acid.
		The carbonyl group, be it an aldehyde or acid, draws electrons away from the alkene and the alkene group in unsaturated carbonyls are therefore deactived towards an electrophile such as bromine or hydrochloric acid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbonyl_group (366 words)

	Carbonyl sulfide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carbonyl sulfide is the major sulfur compound naturally present in the atmosphere at 0.5 (± 0.05) ppb and is an important part of the global sulfur cycle.
		Carbonyl sulfide is a component of volcanic gasses and gasses emitted by deep sea vents.
		Carbonyl sulfide is transported into the stratospheric sulfate layer where it is oxidized to sulfuric acid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carbonyl_sulfide (330 words)

	carbonyl group - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		CARBONYL GROUP [carbonyl group], in chemistry, functional group that consists of an oxygen atom joined by a double bond to a carbon atom.
		If the carbonyl group is joined only to alkyl groups or aryl groups, the compound is a ketone ; if it is joined to at least one hydrogen atom, the compound is an aldehyde.
		Another type of reaction is due to the tendency of the electron-deficient carbon atom of the carbonyl group to partially attract electrons from carbon atoms adjacent to it in the molecule, thus increasing the acidity of hydrogen atoms that are bonded to the adjacent carbon.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/c/carbonyl.asp (413 words)

	Carbonyl Reactivity
		Since an aldehyde carbonyl group must always lie at the end of a carbon chain, it is by default position #1, and therefore defines the numbering direction.
		Consequently, with the exception of formaldehyde, the carbonyl function of aldehydes and ketones has a π-bond energy greater than that of the sigma-bond, in contrast to the pi-sigma relationship in C=C. This suggests that addition reactions to carbonyl groups should be thermodynamically disfavored, as is the case for the addition of water.
		In this case the carbonyl functions are relatively hindered, but by using excess ethanedithiol as the solvent and the Lewis acid BF as catalyst a good yield of the bis-thioacetal is obtained.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/aldket1.htm (4359 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for carbonyl
		carbonyl group CARBONYL GROUP [carbonyl group], in chemistry, functional group that consists of an oxygen atom joined by a double bond to a carbon atom.
		Aldehydes are compounds that contain a formyl group joined by a single bond to a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group.
		carboxyl group CARBOXYL GROUP [carboxyl group], in chemistry, functional group that consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond and to a hydroxyl group, OH, by a single bond.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=carbonyl (688 words)

	Introduction - Carbonyl Compounds
		The functional group on aldehydes and ketones is a carbonyl group (double bond oxygen to a carbon).
		In aldehydes, the carbonyl group is on the "end" of a carbon chain, while in ketones, it is in the "middle" of a carbon chain.
		A position number is needed for ketones since the carbonyl group may be on any number of several carbons in the "middle" of a chain.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/700carbonyls.html (258 words)

	Aldehydes and Ketones
		In the former case, the oxidation level of the carbonyl carbon is reduced from +1 to -1.
		In the reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol, the carbonyl carbon acquires a hydrogen atom.
		It is capable of reducing the carbonyl group in aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and acid halides.
	www.usm.maine.edu /~newton/Chy251_253/Lectures/CarbonylReduction/AldehydesKetones.html (870 words)

	O=CHem Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
		It is the principal reaction pathway of the acyl group.
		It is interesting to consider why the carbonyl group undergoes nucleophilic addition while the acyl group prefers nucleophilic substitution.
		In other words, nucleophilic addition of hydroxide ion to the carbon atom of an acyl group is about as likely as nucleophilic addition to the carbon atom of a carbonyl group.
	www.usm.maine.edu /~newton/Chy251_253/Lectures/AcylSubstitution/AcylSubstitution.html (696 words)

	Glencoe Online Science Quiz Chapter
		An organic compound that contains a carboxyl group with the hydrogen replaced with an alkyl group is known as a(n) _______________.
		An organic compound that has a carbonyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group is known as a(n) _____________.
		The ketone has a terminal carbonyl group, and the aldehyde has a terminal carbonyl group.
	www.glencoe.com /qe/science.php?qi=1007 (467 words)

	Carbonyl Reactivity
		From previous knowledge and experience, we surmise that the common intermediate is an enol tautomer of the carbonyl reactant.
		The fundamental transformation in this reaction is a dimerization of an aldehyde (or ketone) to a beta-hydroxy aldehyde (or ketone) by alpha C–H addition of one reactant molecule to the carbonyl group of a second reactant molecule.
		The additive effect of carbonyl groups on alpha-hydrogen acidity is demonstrated by reaction #3.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/aldket2.htm (3411 words)

	aldehyde
		, and in which the carbonyl group is bonded to at least one hydrogen; the general formula for an aldehyde is RCHO, where R is hydrogen or an alkyl or aryl group.
		formyl group - formyl group, in chemistry, functional group that consists of a carbonyl group joined by a single...
		carbonyl group - carbonyl group, in chemistry, functional group that consists of an oxygen atom joined by a double...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0803153.html (237 words)

	Aldehydes and Ketones
		Aldehydes and ketones are families of organic compounds which contain the carbonyl group.
		A carbonyl group is a carbon with a double bond to an oxygen atom.
		This is due to the attraction between molecule due to the polarity of the carbonyl group.
	www.chem.latech.edu /~deddy/chem121/Aldehydes_Ketones.htm (374 words)

	Carbonyl Group
		It is somewhat misleading to write the carbonyl group as a covalent C=O double bond.
		As a result, the carbonyl group is best described as a hybrid of the following resonance structures.
		When one of the substituents on a carbonyl group is an OH group, the compound is a carboxylic acid with the generic formula RCO
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/2organic/carbonyl.html (1650 words)

	Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
		Last time we completed our study of the reactions of aldehydes and ketones, compounds in which a carbonyl group is bonded either to carbons or hydrogens.
		end of the group (called an alkoxide) which is doing the substituting is very much like the oxygen in an OH Since we've seen the OH act as a nucleophile when it attacked the electrophilic carbon of a carbonyl group, let's begin by seeing what happens if we use the same approach here.
		The overall substitution process occurs by an addition-elimination mechanism which begins with a nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group and finishes with the departure of an atom with the bonding pair of electrons.
	chemistry2.csudh.edu /rpendarvis/carboxder.html (1158 words)

	an introduction to aldehydes and ketones
		If you have side groups attached to the chain, notice that you always count from the carbon atom in the carbonyl group as being number 1.
		In pentanone, the carbonyl group could be in the middle of the chain or next to the end - giving either pentan-3-one or pentan-2-one.
		The net effect of all this is that the carbonyl group undergoes addition reactions, often followed by the loss of a water molecule.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /organicprops/carbonyls/background.html (1345 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The functional groups have similar chemistry because chemical reactions and many physical properties depend upon interactions and changes in electron density, functional groups with similar electronic structures will have similar chemistry.
		The three fundamental carbonyl group mechanism steps are: Nucleophilic attack at carbon: Electrophilic attack at oxygen: Note that electrophilic attack at the (bond is the same as electrophilic attack at the oxygen because the products are resonance structures, and therefore the reactions are identical.
		In order of decreasing reactivity to nucleophilic addition: aldehyde > ketone, because: Carbonyl carbon (+: The charge on an aldehyde carbonyl carbon is greater than on a ketone because an aldehyde bears one electron-donating alkyl group attached to the carbonyl, whereas the ketone has two.
	www.chem.leeds.ac.uk /People/CMR/labstuff/litreviews/carbonylchemistry.doc (868 words)

	Carbonyl chemistry 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		These pages are devoted to the chemistry of the carbonyl group, the reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
		In your textbook it is shown that it is the tendency of oxygen to acquire electrons - its ability to carry a negative charge - that is the real cause of the reactivity of the carbonyl group toward nucleophiles.
		This property of oxygen also underlies a second chemical property of carbonyl compounds: the acidity of hydrogens alpha to the carbonyl group; the conjugate base, the carbanion, is stabilized by resonance.
	cheminf.cmbi.ru.nl /wetche/organic/carbonyl (146 words)

	A2 unit chains and rings and spectroscopy carbonyls page
		There are a number of tests that can be used to identify the presence of a carbonyl group in a compound.
		The iodoform test is a test for the existence of the CH group in a molecule.
		This could be part of an alcohol (C-O single bond) or part of a carbonyl compound (C=O double bond).
	www.rjclarkson.demon.co.uk /candrands/carbonyls.htm (681 words)

	Ch328_Lec_18
		Compounds containing the carbonyl group are ubiquitous in nature, occurring as key parts of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats as well as other biomolecules.
		The properties of the carbonyl group are dictated by the double bond between the carbon and the oxygen.
		The carbonyl compounds are broken into two categories based on their chemistry.
	www.humboldt.edu /~rap1/C328.Su04/C328Notes/C328nLec18.htm (1234 words)

	bonding in carbonyl compounds - the carbon oxygen double bond
		Don't try to read this unless you are sure that you fully understand the orbital view of the bonding in methane and the bonding in ethene.
		Where the carbon-oxygen double bond, C=O, occurs in organic compounds it is called a carbonyl group.
		The simplest compound containing this group is methanal.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /basicorg/bonding/carbonyl.html (542 words)

	Infoplease Search: support group
		(Encyclopedia) formyl group, in chemistry, functional group that consists of a carbonyl group joined by a single...
		(Encyclopedia) functional group, in organic chemistry, group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for...
		(Encyclopedia) aryl group, in chemistry, group of atoms derived from benzene or from a benzene derivative by...
	www.infoplease.com /search?fr=iptn&query=Support+group&in=all (222 words)

	Cation- Interactions of a Thiocarbonyl Group and a Carbonyl Group with a Pyridinium Nucleus
		Attractive interactions between a thiocarbonyl group and a pyridinium nucleus, and between a carbonyl group and a pyridinium nucleus have been proven by
		X-ray crystallographic analysis of 1-4 clearly showed that the C=S group of 2a and the C=O group of 4 are very close to the pyridinium moiety compared to the case of 1 and 3.
		In addition, the X-ray crystal packing structure of 2a showed the C=S group is sandwiched between two pyridinium rings.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jacsat/2004/126/i31/abs/ja0490119.html (311 words)

	AllRefer.com - carbonyl group (Organic Chemistry) - Encyclopedia
		carbonyl group[kAr´bunil] Pronunciation Key, in chemistry, functional group that consists of an oxygen atom joined by a double bond to a carbon atom.
		If the carbonyl group is joined only to alkyl groups or aryl groups, the compound is a ketone; if it is joined to at least one hydrogen atom, the compound is an aldehyde.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on carbonyl group
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/carbonyl.html (306 words)

	Rapid Defunctionalization of Carbonyl Group to Methylene with Polymethylhydrosiloxane-B(C6F5)3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Rapid Defunctionalization of Carbonyl Group to Methylene with Polymethylhydrosiloxane-B(C6F5)3
		Rapid Defunctionalization of Carbonyl Group to Methylene with Polymethylhydrosiloxane-B(C
		Aromatic and aliphatic carbonyl compounds were effectively reduced to give the corresponding alkanes in high yields.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/joceah/2002/67/i25/abs/jo0204045.html (93 words)

	Acetic Acid: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		ÉsÄ“ËtÄk, CH H, colorless liquid that has a characteristic pungent odor, boils at 118 degrees Celsius, and is miscible with water in all proportions; it is a weak organic carboxylic acid (see carboxyl group).
		The hydroxyl group reacts with acetic acid to form the acetate ester, acetylsalicylic acid (see aspirin).
		Anhydrides of organic acids, like the acids themselves, contain the carbonyl group, CO. Organic anhydrides include acetic anhydride or ethanoic anhydride, (CH 3 C double bond O) 2 O...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/acetic-acid.jsp?l=A&p=1 (1603 words)

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