Carboxylic-acid - Factbites

Carboxylic-acid - Factbites
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Topic: Carboxylic-acid

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	Carboxylic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carboxylic acids react with bases to form carboxylate salts, in which the hydrogen of the -OH group is replaced with a metal ion.
		Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=O)-OH, usually written as -COOH.
		Less-common reactions involving the generation of benzoic acids are the von Richter reaction from nitrobenzenes and the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction from phenols.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carboxylic_acid (693 words)

	Formic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Formic acid is unique among the carboxylic acids in its ability to participate in addition reactions with alkenes.
		Formic acid (systematically called methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid.
		The principal use of formic acid is as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Formic_acid (1096 words)

	Carboxylic Acid Reactivity
		The carboxyl functional group that characterizes the carboxylic acids is unusual in that it is composed of two functional groups described earlier in this text.
		Reactions in which the hydroxyl group of a carboxylic acid is replaced by another nucleophilic group are important for preparing functional derivatives of carboxylic acids.
		In the case of carboxylic acids, if the electrophilic character of the carbonyl carbon is decreased the acidity of the carboxylic acid will also decrease.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/crbacid1.htm (3475 words)

	Carboxyl Derivative Reactivity
		Carboxylic acids have a hydroxyl group bonded to an acyl group, and their functional derivatives are prepared by replacement of the hydroxyl group with substituents, such as halo, alkoxyl, amino and acyloxy.
		Since relatively few methods exist for the reduction of carboxylic acid derivatives to aldehydes, it would be useful to modify the reactivity and solubility of LAH to permit partial reductions of this kind to be achieved.
		Hydrolysis of nitriles to carboxylic acids was described earlier, and requires reaction conditions (catalysts and heat) similar to those needed to hydrolyze amides.
	www.cem.msu.edu /~reusch/VirtualText/crbacid2.htm (3950 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Carboxylic Acid
		Examples of carboxylic acids you routinely encounter include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), acetic acid (vinegar is a 5% aqueous solution of vinegar), and citric acid (responsible for the sourness/tartness of citrus fruits).
		Carboxylic acids are generally weak acids, but that does not mean that they can not be corrosive or pose other hazards.
		When a carboxylic acid is neutralized with a base it becomes a salt that is itself a weak base.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/carboxylicacid.html (482 words)

	Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
		Carboxylic acid derivatives are compounds that yield a carboxylic acid upon rxn with water.
		Nitriles are not related to carboxylic acids in the same sense that acid derivatives are, but the structures and reactions of nitriles and carboxylic acids are nevertheless similar.
		Carboxylic acid derivatives are compounds with the acyl group, RCO-, bonded to an electronegative atom or substituent, -Y, that can act as a leaving group in substitution reactions (nucleophilic acyl substitution).
	www.chem.latech.edu /~deddy/chem252/AcidDerAlphaSub.htm (1588 words)

	Lipids
		The carboxylic acids with 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbon atoms are named from the Latin stem for the bay tree, laurel; the genus for the spice nutmeg, Myristica; the Latin stem for the palm tree, palma; and the Greek stem for the tallow used to make candles, stear.
		The fifth carboxylic acid is known as valeric acid, because it can be obtained from plants in the genus Valerianella, a family of perennial herbs.
		Long-chain carboxylic acids such as stearic acid [CH are called fatty acids because they can be isolated from animal fats.
	chemed.chem.purdue.edu /genchem/topicreview/bp/1biochem/lipids6.html (1217 words)

	lecturenotes8.html
		Thus carboxylic acids will hydrogen bond with themselves and any other appropriate polar molecule, and this structure will influence their physical properties and their chemical properties as we have seen in other cases.
		ESTERS- are formed from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol, where the alcohol replaces the hydroxyl group on the carboxyl group.
		The pKa of a typical alkane thiol is about 10 or halfway in acid strength between carboxylic acids which are 5 and alcohols at 16.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/tmullins/BCH3023/fall98/lecturenotes8.html (922 words)

	Physical Properties 2
		As in the case of the resonance structure with the C=N+HR linkage for amides, the resonance structure with the C=O+R linkage (R=H in carboxylic acids and R=alkyl, aryl, etc. in esters) is expected to be the minor contributor in esters and carboxylic acids due to the formal positive charge on the highly electronegative O atom.
		In carboxylic acids, it is found that the O-H bond lies in the plane of the groups attached to the carbonyl carbon.
		Like the carboxylic acid and the amide groups, the ester group is planar with bond angles about the carbonyl C tending to ca.
	www.chem.wisc.edu /~newtrad/CurrRef/AIDStopic/AIDStext/AIDSpp2.html (1869 words)

	Carboxylic Acids
		Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.
		Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.
		Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.
	www.epa.gov /ceppo/cameo/help/chapte4i.htm (467 words)

	Chapter 6
		The acid dissociation constant is the equilibrium constant for this reaction.
		Esters and Amides are produced from acids and readily hydrolyze to acids in water.
		Volatile acids are generally pungent, esters are sweet smelling (fruity).
	opbs.okstate.edu /~Blair/Bioch2344/Chapter6/Chapter6.htm (533 words)

	R-5.7.1 Carboxylic acids
		Replacement of oxygen by (an)other chalcogen atom(s) in a carboxylic acid having a systematic name is indicated by modifying the "-oic acid" or "-carboxylic acid" suffix to suffixes such as "-thioic acid", "-selenoic acid", "-carbodithioic acid"; and "-carboselenothioic acid", and the prefix "carboxy-" to prefixes such as "thiocarboxy-", "diselenocarboxy-", and "selenothiocarboxy-".
		When a dicarboxylic acid has a trivial name (see R-9.1, Table 28(a)), the replacement of one of the carboxy groups by an aldehydic group may be denoted by changing the ending "-ic acid" into "-aldehydic acid" (see Table 12(b)).
		group from each carboxy group of a carboxylic acid denoted by an "-oic acid" suffix or having a trivial name (see Table 28) is derived from the name of the corresponding acid by changing the ending "-oic acid" or "-ic acid" to "-oyl" or "-yl", respectively.
	www.acdlabs.com /iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_480.htm (956 words)

	Carboxylic Acids
		The somewhat paradoxical outcome of this is that carboxylic acids are stronger acids than alcohols because carboxylate ions, their conjugate bases, are weaker bases than alkoxides.
		The remaining issue with carboxylic acids is to understand why they are acidic.
		Consequently the conjugate carboxylic acid is stronger than one whose conjugate base doesn't have the resonance possibility.
	chemistry2.csudh.edu /rpendarvis/carbacid.html (1336 words)

	O2RSA3Na
		Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of amide yields carboxylic acid and ammonium salt.
		Acid chlorides react with carboxylic acids yielding (mixed) anhydrides.
		Carboxylic acids are mild acids, easily strong enough to react with a strong metal
	www.austincc.edu /jdy_chm/O2RSA2N.html (531 words)

	Carboxylic Acid Anhydrides
		The Carboxylic Acid Anhydride Family is a family of organic compounds with the functional group being the -OOCR.
		The reaction of a Carboxylic Acid Anhydride with an alcohol is an alcoholysis reaction which results in an ester being formed as well as a Carboxylic Acid.
		The carboxylate ion leaving group from step 2 removes the Hydrogen on the alcohol to produce the ester and itself becomes a Carboxylic Acid molecule (step 3).
	members.aol.com /profchm/anhydride.html (1248 words)

	NOMENCLATURE OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ACID DERIVATIVES
		If the CO2H is attached to a ring, the compound is a cycloalkane carboxylic acid, and the carbon of the ring to which the CO2H is attached is #1.
		If two CO2H groups are present, the compound is a dioic acid, although many of these compounds are known by their trivial names.
		A nitrile attached to a ring is a cycloalkane carbonitrile, and the carbon to which it is attached is #1.
	www.muhlenberg.edu /depts/chemistry/chem201woh/ACIDDERN.html (325 words)

	Polymers - Product Families - Carboylic Acids
		UNICID Acids produced display 80% carboxylic acid functionality; the remainder is a linear, low molecular weight polyethylene with a chain length that is similar to that of the carboxylic acid.
		The Polymers Division of Baker Petrolite manufactures UNICID Carboxylic Acid, with carbon chains lengths of C24 to C50 that are much longer than those of conventional acids.
		UNICID Acids from Baker Petrolite are used in a wide range of industrial applications and can also be readily used to produce derivatives with longer chains than have been previously possible.
	www.bakerhughes.com /bakerpetrolite/polymers/carboxylic_acids.htm (199 words)

	Ch21.doc
		Hydrolysis of Carboxylic Acids Derivatives All acid derivatives yield carboxylic acids on hydrolysis.
		Summaries Acid Chlorides Acid chlorides are made from the corresponding carboxylic acids, most commonly via reaction of oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride.
		Reduction to Aldehydes Acid chlorides are the most reactive acid derivatives, and can therefore be reduced to aldehydes (and made to stop there) by the action of a mild reducing agent, such as lithium aluminum tri(tbutoxy)hydride (Ch 18 and Ch 20).
	crab.rutgers.edu /~alroche/Ch21.doc (2932 words)

	Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution
		the relative reactivity of the carboxylic acid derivatives.
		The carboxylic acid derivatives are a family of closely related functional groups:
		Summary of Reactions that Interconvert Carboxylic Acids Derivatives
	library.tedankara.k12.tr /carey/ch20-0.html (140 words)

	Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
		That means that the whole reaction represents an equilibrium in which significant amounts of carboxylic acid and alcohol co-exist with ester and water.
		If we remove water from the reaction mixture, more ester is formed because carboxylic acid and alcohol react to replace the water we have removed.
		This reaction doesn't involve acid catalysis, so the first step is nucleophilic attack at the carbonyl carbon.
	chemistry2.csudh.edu /rpendarvis/carboxder.html (1158 words)

	Glossary - carboxylic acid
		- carboxylic acids are a family of compounds containing carbon(
		These compounds are acids, so the hydrogen atom can easily separate and join a nearby water molecule, like you see below.
	www.chemheritage.org /EducationalServices/faces/glossary/caacid.htm (41 words)

	Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
		Cyclic esters of hydroxy carboxylic acids, containing a 1-oxacycloalkan-2-one structure, or analogues having unsaturation or heteroatoms replacing one or more carbon atoms of the ring.
		acids: See carboxylic acids, oxoacids, sulfonic acids, etc.
		An ambiguous term, which may imply either a higher oxidation state of a central atom, as in perchloric acid, or a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, as in CH Accordingly, it is not recommended as a class name.
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /iupac/class/carba.html (607 words)

	20CANS.HTM
		The final product has one additional carbon in the parent chain and is a carboxylic acid.
		We can add one carbon and synthesize carboxylic acids by the reaction of a Grignard reagent with carbon dioxide.
	www.chem.uic.edu /web1/OCOL-II/WIN/CH20/20C/20CANS.HTM (351 words)

	ETHYLENE PRODUCTION AND 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID LEVELS IN RIPENING AVOCADO FRUITS
		A simple method using ion exchange isolation and gas chromatography has been evaluated and optimised for the detection of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in fruit tissue.
		We have used this method to study ACC changes in ripening avocados under different storage conditions.
		Download Adobe Acrobat Reader (free software to read PDF files)
	www.actahort.org /books/275/275_74.htm (122 words)

	Amino acid
		Many amino acids are used to synthesize other molecules, such as tryptophan which is a precursor of the neurotransmitter serotonin, and glycine which is one of the reactants in the synthesis of porphyrins such as heme.
		In humans, the essential amino acids are lysine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, valine, and (in children) histidine and arginine.
		Amino acids are usually classified by properties of the side chain into four groups: acidic, basic, hydrophilic (polar), and hydrophobic (nonpolar).
	www.tocatch.info /en/Amino_acid.htm (1717 words)

	Control of fruit ripening and senescence in plants - Patent 5702933
		A method for producing a plant with reduced levels of ethylene which comprises expressing a gene encoding a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid metabolizing enzyme in said plant at a sufficient level to reduce the steady-state 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid concentration, wherein said 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid metabolizing enzyme is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase.
		The sequence of the 3F2 gene and the derived amino acid sequence of the ACC deaminase is shown in FIG.
		The first was that extracts from all of the organisms were capable of converting ACC to.alpha.-ketobutyric acid and the second was that all contained a protein of approximately 37,000 daltons that strongly cross-reacted with an antibody raised against the 6G5 ACC deaminase protein.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5702933.html (12553 words)

	1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is a disubstituted cyclic amino acid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic_acid (150 words)

	SOME PROBLEMS IN THE ESTIMATION OF ACC (1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID) FROM CARNATION FLOWER TISSUE
		The method of Lizada and Yang (1979) for the extraction and assay of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) was adapted for use with carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.).
		SOME PROBLEMS IN THE ESTIMATION OF ACC (1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID) FROM CARNATION FLOWER TISSUE
		-aminoxyacetic acid (AOA), an inhibitor of ACC synthase.
	www.actahort.org /books/113/113_9.htm (157 words)

	BLAST Search Results
		>pirT08037 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.-) 1 - cucumber gbAAC67232.1
		Reference: Altschul, Stephen F., Thomas L. Madden, Alejandro A. Schäffer, Jinghui Zhang, Zheng Zhang, Webb Miller, and David J. Lipman (1997), "Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs", Nucleic Acids Res.
		ACC oxidase 1 [Fagus sylvatica] 228 5e-59 pirT10817 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (EC 1...
	www.genomics.purdue.edu /~jxu/newJBC/blast/JBC_16_B06_T3.nr.blastx.html (493 words)

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