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Topic: Carcinogen

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	Carcinogen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Carcinogens are also often, but not necessarily, mutagens or teratogens.
		Carcinogens may cause cancer by altering cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which interferes with normal biological processes.
		CERCLA identifies all radionuclides as carcinogens, although the nature of the emitted radiation (alpha, beta, or gamma, and the energy), its consequent capacity to cause ionization in tissues, and the magnitude of radiation exposure, determine the potential hazard.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Carcinogen (670 words)

	carcinogen
		Emissions of dioxin TCDD, a carcinogen and the most toxic of the 75 chemicals in the dioxin family, rose from 0.000153 pounds to.00293 pounds, a nearly 2,000...
		The slick of the carcinogen benzene arrived at the outskirts of Harbin, capital of China's northeastern Heilongjiang province, early this morning, the local...
		Bleaching paper with chlorine produces a carcinogen called dioxin, which is harmful to the environment and can remain in water and soil for as long as 50 years...
	www.mongabay.com /igapo/biotech/carcinogen.html (3425 words)

	IARC Carcinogen Classification
		Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity.
		In some cases, an agent (mixture) may be classified in this category when there is inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans and sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence that the carcinogenesis is mediated by a mechanism that also operates in humans.
		Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans.
	www.ecu.edu /oehs/labsafety/IARCCarClass.htm (417 words)

	The MSDS HyperGlossary: Carcinogen
		A carcinogen is a substance that causes cancer (or is believed to cause cancer).
		A known human carcinogen means there is sufficient evidence of a cause and effect relationship between exposure to the material and cancer in humans.
		There is less than sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans or laboratory animals; however, the substance is structurally related to other materials that are either human carcinogens or reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens.
	www.ilpi.com /msds/ref/carcinogen.html (692 words)

	ACS :: Known and Probable Carcinogens
		In many cases, carcinogens are first found to cause cancer in lab animals and are later found to cause cancer in people.
		For most carcinogens, it is assumed that those that cause cancer at larger doses in animals will also cause cancer in people.
		Some may only be carcinogenic if a person is exposed in a certain way (for example, ingesting it as opposed to touching it).
	www.cancer.org /docroot/PED/content/PED_1_3x_Known_and_Probable_Carcinogens.asp?sitearea=PED (1361 words)

	California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 5209. Carcinogens.
		A fully enclosed structure, other than the vessel of containment of a carcinogen, which is impervious to the passage of the carcinogen and which would prevent the entry of the carcinogen into regulated areas, nonregulated areas or the external environment should leakage or spillage from the vessel of containment occur.
		An operation involving a carcinogen in an open vessel which is not in an isolated system, in a laboratory type hood or in any other system affording equivalent protection against the entry of a carcinogen into regulated areas, nonregulated areas or the external environment.
		Employees working with a carcinogen within an isolated system such as a "glove box" shall wash their hands and arms upon completion of the assigned task and before engaging in other activities not associated with the isolated system.
	www.dir.ca.gov /title8/5209.html (2994 words)

	Carcinogen / Mutagen Policy :: Chemical Waste Management @ EHRS
		Mutagens and carcinogens are used extensively in laboratories.
		(Remember this is not a comprehensive list.) Mutagen or carcinogen waste in solid form or concentrated solution is hazardous chemical waste and must not be thrown in the trash or down the drain.
		Solids that are used with but are not contaminated with a carcinogen or mutagen may be discarded as trash.
	www.ehrs.upenn.edu /resources/waste/chem/cmpolicy.html (314 words)

	University of Minnesota Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center (TTURC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although the dose of each carcinogen per cigarette is quite small, the cumulative dose in a lifetime of smoking can be considerable.
		Carcinogen dose depends on the amount of a tobacco product which an individual may use, and the way in which he or she uses it.
		This chapter will discuss some important aspects of cancer induction as related to inhaled tobacco carcinogens: the role of particular carcinogens as causes of tobacco-induced cancers; quantifying carcinogen uptake in humans by measurement of urinary carcinogen metabolites; and DNA adducts of tobacco carcinogens.
	www.tturc.umn.edu /page/hecht.html (539 words)

	The Role of Transgenic Mouse Models in Carcinogen Identification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Because the goal of NTP carcinogenicity testing is prediction of human carcinogenicity of chemicals, the merit of each transgenic model was evaluated by determining the ability of the model to identify human carcinogens.
		Mouse-specific carcinogens: an assessment of hazard and significance for validation of short-term carcinogenicity bioassays in transgenic mice.
		Dermal carcinogenicity in transgenic mice: relative responsiveness of male and female hemizygous and homozygous Tg.AC mice to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and benzene.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2003/5778/5778.html (7732 words)

	NIH News Release-FACT SHEET: The Report on Carcinogens - 9th edition- - 05/15/2000
		Conclusions regarding carcinogenicity in humans or experimental animals are based on expert, scientific judgment, with consideration given to all relevant information.
		The upgrading to a "known human carcinogen" was based on findings from studies in humans that provided evidence of a causal relationship between occupational exposure to 1,3-butadiene and excess mortality from hematopoietic cancers.
		While there is clear evidence that tamoxifen causes uterine cancer in women, there is also conclusive evidence that tamoxifen therapy reduces the risk of cancer in the opposite breast in women with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer, and reduces the incidence of breast cancer in women at increased risk for this disease.
	www.nih.gov /news/pr/may2000/niehs-15.htm (2527 words)

	Guide to Less Toxic Products
		Methylene chloride - Methylene chloride is a carcinogen, a neurotoxin and a reproductive toxin.
		Air fresheners are made from a number of chemicals including formadehyde, a carcinogen and sensitizer, naphthalene, a suspected carcinogen, xylene, a neurotoxin and possible reproductive toxin, butane gas, a neurotoxin, cresol, ethanol, phenol and strong fragrances.
		Conventional dry cleaning fluids contain highly toxic chemicals including tetrochloroethylene (perchloroethylene), a carcinogen, central nervous system toxicant, and respiratory irritant, naphthalene, a suspected carcinogen and reproductive toxin, toluene which may cause damage to a developing fetus and is neurotoxic, and xylene, a neurotoxin.
	www.lesstoxicguide.ca /index.asp?fetch=household (6991 words)

	Carcinogen derived biomarkers: applications in studies of human exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke -- Hecht 13 ...
		Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in the urine of elementary school-aged children.
		A metabolite of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in the urine of hospital workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.
		Carcinogen hemoglobin adducts, urinary mutagenicity, and metabolic phenotype in active and passive cigarette smokers.
	tc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/13/suppl_1/i48 (4493 words)

	Carcinogen Pesticides Web-Page - Carcinogen Pesticides Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Propoxur as a probable human carcinogen and dichlorvos a poison used in.
		With the carcinogen alar prompted a ban on the chemical, children are no better protected from pesticides in.
		Oxyfluorfen is classified as a possible human carcinogen based on.
	www.pesticide-research.info /carcinogen-pesticides.html (865 words)

	DNA Adduct Measurements and Tumor Incidence during Chronic Carcinogen Exposure in Rodents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The quantity of DNA adducts present at equilibrium correlated directly with the carcinogen concentration; therefore, when exposure was continued for 4 weeks, DNA adducts that reflected the plateau level at each dose could be expressed as a function of dose.
		Therefore, at a particular time (e.g., 4 weeks) of continuous carcinogen administration, it is possible to obtain a profile for steady state DNA adduct levels expressed as a function of different concentrations of carcinogen chronically given (Figure 2).
		The different types of relationships between dose and tumorigenesis, and dose and DNA adduct formation, observed during chronic carcinogen administration at multiple doses in rodents are categorized in Figure 5 and summarized in Table 1.
	www.ehponline.org /members/1994/Suppl-6/poirer-full.html (4074 words)

	Metabolites of a Tobacco-specific Lung Carcinogen in the Urine of Elementary School-aged Children -- Hecht et al. 10 ...
		Metabolites of a Tobacco-specific Lung Carcinogen in the Urine of Elementary School-aged Children -- Hecht et al.
		NNK is a potent pulmonary carcinogen in rodents
		is a biomarker for uptake of NNK, a lung carcinogen.
	cebp.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/10/11/1109 (4143 words)

	ACSH > Publications >
		The consumption of small doses of rodent carcinogens, whether of natural or synthetic origin, is quite unlikely to pose a cancer hazard to humans.
		When you understand that carcinogens and mutagens are everywhere in Mother Nature's own food supply, you can see the absurdity of panicking over tiny levels in the food supply of synthetic chemicals (such as pesticide residues) that are "carcinogens" when fed in large doses over a lifetime to rodents.
		We have largely ignored natural carcinogens, and have similarly ignored the fact that the carcinogenicity rate in rodent experiments is virtually the same for both naturally occurring and synthetic carcinogens.
	www.acsh.org /publications/pubID.103/pub_detail.asp (2464 words)

	NIEHS Press Release - TCDD - Dioxin -- is Listed as "Known Human Carcinogen" in Federal Government's Ninth ...
		The change in the listing of TCDD from the "reasonably anticipated" to the "known to be a human carcinogen" category had been planned to occur in the Ninth Report, but the designation was delayed by litigation.
		The Report on Carcinogens is a cancer health hazard identification document that discusses substances that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health.
		The report does not present quantitative assessments of carcinogenic risk, an assessment that defines the conditions under which the hazard may be unacceptable.
	www.niehs.nih.gov /oc/news/dioxadd.htm (414 words)

	Carcinogen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Carcinogen drainers study pose playgirl bone blow mesothelioma look trumpery scorepad ran.
		Rerouted most sail imbrute david cole sentence consuls carcinogen.
		Carcinogen recurves spot mooning hot mesothelioma by arrantly age.
	www.orkinlawsuits.net /carcinogen.html (732 words)

	California Code of Regulations, Title 8, Section 5203. Carcinogen Report of Use Requirements.
		Regulated carcinogen means a recognized cancer causing substance, compound, mixture, or product regulated by sections 1529, 1532, 1535, 8358, or Article 110 sections 5200-5220.
		For all regulated carcinogens that specify a requirement for the employer to establish a regulated area, use of a regulated carcinogen within such a regulated area shall be reported.
		For regulated carcinogens that do not have a regulated area requirement, reporting is required for any use of a concentration greater than or equal to 0.1% by weight or volume and which results in exposure or potential exposure to employees.
	www.dir.ca.gov /title8/5203.html (691 words)

	Carcinogen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		I have extrapolated those chemicals that we encounter in the petrochemical industry and left out those that are pretty much limited to the medical profession.
		Known carcinogens are defined as "those substances for which the evidence from human studies indicates that there is a casual relationship between the exposure to the substance and human cancer." The list includes, but is not limited to :
		Defined as "those for which there is a limited evidence of carcinogenicity in humans or sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals".
	www.mcnallyinstitute.com /CDweb/c-html/c014.htm (397 words)

	Atrazine in Vermont - Carcinogen & endocrine disrupter
		Atrazine in Vermont - Carcinogen & endocrine disrupter
		It interrupts regular hormone function, causing birth defects, reproductive tumors, and weight loss in mothers and embryos.
		Studies show that atrazine causes tumors and cancer, including breast, ovarian, and uterine cancer, as well as leukemia and lymphoma.
	www.sover.net /~dogstar/atrazin2.html (557 words)

	Chemical Hazards
		Any substance or preparation which if classified under the CHIP Regulations, would be required to be labelled with the Risk Phrases R45 "may cause cancer" or R49 "may cause cancer by inhalation".
		substances that should be regarded as if they are carcinogenic to humans, for which there is sufficient evidence, based on long-term animal studies and other relevant information, to provide a strong presumption that human exposure may result in the development of cancer.
		substances that cause concern owing to possible carcinogenic effects but for which available information is not adequate to make satisfactory assessments.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /safety/chemicalhazards.htm (2115 words)

	Human urinary carcinogen metabolites: biomarkers for investigating tobacco and cancer -- Hecht 23 (6): 907 -- ...
		Heterocyclic aromatic amines are well-known mutagens and carcinogens
		NPRO is not metabolized and is not carcinogenic.
		carcinogen with particularly strong activity in the rat (110).
	carcin.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/23/6/907 (6702 words)

	Carcinogen definition - Cancer information on MedicineNet.com
		Carcinogen: A substance or agent that causes cancer.
		Related terms include the adjective "carcinogenic" and the nouns "carcinogenesis" and "carcinogenicity." One of the best-known carcinogens is ionizing radiation.
		The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified some 60 substances and processes as probably or definitely carcinogenic in humans.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=2625 (208 words)

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