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Topic: Cardamom Mountains Moist Forests

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	Special Places in Nature
		Cardamom Mountains rain forests, Cambodia: The Cardamom Mountains Rain Forests ecoregion sits astride the Cardamom Mountains (locally known as Kravanh) and the Elephant Range (locally known as Dom rei) in southwestern Cambodia and extends slightly across the border into southeastern Thailand.
		The Cardamom Mountain rain forests are considered by some to be one of the most species-rich and intact natural habitats in the region, but they are also one of the least explored.
		Malabar Coast moist forests, India: Many years ago, the Malabar Coast Moist Deciduous Forests ecoregion was a swath of lush tropical evergreen forest that extended along the western coast of the Deccan Peninsula between the Western Ghats Mountains and the Indian Ocean (Champion and Seth 1968).
	www.stevenredhead.com /Natures-Places/gloryofnature.html (1020 words)

	Cardamom Mountains rain forests - Encyclopedia of Earth
		The Cardamom Mountains Rain Forests ecoregion sits astride the Cardamom Mountains (locally known as Kravanh) and the Elephant Range (locally known as Dom rei) in southwestern Cambodia and extends slightly across the border into southeastern Thailand.
		A distinctive dwarf forest 5-10 meters in height is present on the acid and skeletal soils on the sandstone plateau of the southern Elephant Mountains.
		The Cardamom Mountains Rain Forests ecoregion is one of the few ecoregions in Indochina with intact rain forests that still have potential for landscape-level conservation actions.
	www.eoearth.org /article/Cardamom_Mountains_rain_forests (1602 words)

	Floridata: Elettaria cardamomum
		Cardamom grows wild in the Ghat Mountains on the Malabar Coast of SW India, in an area known as the Cardamom Hills.
		Cardamom is a principal ingredient in curry powders, and is used to flavor confectioneries, liqueurs and chewing gums.
		Cardamom is grown commercially in plantations under the shade of tall forest trees.
	www.floridata.com /ref/E/elet_car.cfm (523 words)

	Building capacity for sustainable management of natural forests in East Africa
		In this chapter, the terms "natural forest" and "indigenous forest" are used interchangeably and refer principally to high-canopy forest, as opposed to woodland.
		While it is generally conceded that traditional forest dwellers should have the right to continue their way of life, many East African foresters argue that it would be better to encourage them to leave the forest and integrate themselves into the larger society (Aluma and Kahembwe, 1995; Githitho, 1994).
		Forest management plans are generally prepared by the government forestry departments and guide the management of a particular forest or forest reserve for a limited period, such as 5-10 years.
	pubs.wri.org /pubs_content_print.cfm?ContentID=2521 (5220 words)

	WWF Global 200 Ecoregions -- Cardamom Mountains Moist Forests (35)
		Teeming with life, these forests have sustained populations of even the largest Asian mammals, including tigers and leopards and bantengs, the wild relative of domestic cattle, distinguishable by the animals’ white stockings and white rump-patch, for thousands of years.
		The forests of the Elephant and Cardamom Mountains are especially intact in Cambodia, although the small area that extends into Thailand is not.
		The forests of the Cardamom Mountains are truly a showcase for Asia’s biological diversity.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/g200/g035.html (518 words)

	Visit Sri Lanka : Wildlife : Forests and other vegetation types
		The montane forests are characterized by dense growth of epiphytes and lichens.
		Evergreen forests represent the tropical dry forests covering a major part of the dry zone adding up to 16.8% of the land area except for the southwestern quarter, the central mountain range, and the Jaffna Peninsula in the extreme north.
		The scrub and regenerating forests are characterized by Bauhinia racemosa, Pterospermum suberifolium, Cassia fistula and Dichrostachys cineria.
	www.angelfire.com /planet/wildlifesl/articles/dn_forests.htm (3428 words)

	Asia-Pacific Forestry Sector Outlook Study: Country Report - Sri Lanka
		As the forest policy emphasis was given to timber and fuel wood production, the expansion of forest plantations was used as the main strategy to meet the new demand and reduce the pressure on the natural forests.
		Sri Lanka's mid mountains which form the main watershed area were covered with forests at the turn of the century, but were cleared to plant Coffee initially and then Tea by the British during early parts of the century.
		The remaining natural forests are to be used sustainably to provide for the growing demand for bio-energy, wood and non wood forest products and various services especially for the benefit of the rural population without ignoring environmental objectives.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/003/W7708E/W7708E02.htm (7144 words)

	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as tropical wet forests and tropical rainforests, are a tropical and subtropical forest biome.
		Tropical and subtropical forest regions with lower rainfall are home to Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests and Tropical and subtropical coniferous forests.
		Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests are common in several terrestrial ecozones, including parts of the Afrotropic (equatorial Africa), Indomalaya (parts of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia), the Neotropic (northern South America and Central America), Australasia (eastern Indonesia, New Guinea, northern and eastern Australia), and Oceania (the tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests (2077 words)

	Western Ghats @ CES : Biology of Western Ghats
		There are tropical evergreen forests in the central and southern regions; semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forests, wherever left untouched, clothe the mountains almost all along their length; dry deciduous forests of teak and associated species clothe the coastal plains in the northern and central regions as also along the eastern rain-shadow slopes.
		There are montane 'shola' forests, riverine or swamp forests and nearly half a dozen other evergreen-species associations, mostly observed in the southern half of the Zone, where numerous ancillary mountain ranges converge to produce a region of exceptional diversity.
		The associated mountain ranges such as the Anamalais, the Nilgiris and the Agastyamalais are all separated by clear-cut barriers and besides the interesting floral speciation, a distinct faunal endemism and/or local speciation, is also found.
	ces.iisc.ernet.in /biodiversity/documents/biology.htm (709 words)

	Untitled Document
		The topography is dominated in the east by the western slope of the Annamite mountain chain and in the southwest by the isolated highlands of the Elephant and Cardamom mountains.
		Forests are the most dominant vegetation, covering approximately 55% of the country.
		Despite their importance, ecosystems are degraded and species are threatened due to conversion of wetlands and forests for agricultural use, poor land-use planning, weak regulatory enforcement, uncertainties in land tenure, hunting and wildlife trading.
	www.birdlifeindochina.org /english/countries/cambodia/cambodia.html (1615 words)

	cultivation of the cardamom on The Worldwide Gourmet
		Even though cardamom first entered Europe several hundred years before Christ, it was not until the 17th century that cardamom was imported on a regular basis, marking the beginning of a new fashion.
		Cardamom grows in the wild in forests situated between 800 and 1500 metres above sea level.
		Until two hundred years ago, cardamom was harvested from wild plants, but since the beginning of the 19th century, cardamom has been grown from seed in open fields or in sheltered forests.
	www.theworldwidegourmet.com /spices/seeds/cardamom3.htm (312 words)

	CARDAMOM COUNTY Periyar, a Plantation Theme Resort, periyar tiger reserve Kerala India & Conference, Ayurvedic ...
		Cardamom County Resort is at Thekkady, Kerala, in India near the Periyar Tiger Sanctuary and is accessible only by road.
		All the cottages are elevated with private balconies with a panoramic view of the Kumily hills and the forests of Periyar Tiger Reserve.
		Cardamom County Management and Staff are dedicated to your total relaxation, enjoyment and service.
	www.ashextourism.com /hotelsresorts/kerala/cardamomcounty.htm (604 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Cardamom Mountains rain forests (IM0106)
		A distinctive dwarf forest 5-10 m in height is present on the acid and skeletal soils on the sandstone plateau of the southern Elephant Mountains.
		The Cardamom Mountains Rain Forests [IM0106] ecoregion is one of the few ecoregions in Indochina with intact rain forests that still have potential for landscape-level conservation actions.
		Adjacent to this is the Cardamom Mountains subunit (05d), which also includes the freshwater swamp forests and mangroves of the Chao Phraya river and estuary (MacKinnon 1997).
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0106_full.html (1531 words)

	The Cardamom Project: Cardamom Mountain Region
		While the mountain peaks were found to support fewer montane specialists than other, higher parts of Indochina, the Cardamom foothills are notable for their exceptionally high bird diversity and biomass.
		Preliminary analyses suggest that the Cardamom Mountain Range harbours exceptional species richness: 1973 pyraloid moths were collected using light traps within just three weeks, of which one-quarter to one-third were estimated to be species new to science.
		Siamese crocodiles (Crocodylus siamensis) in the Cardamom Mountains.
	www.cardamom.org /survey (4561 words)

	Cambodian Scene Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Their mixture of forests, rivers, tropical animals and indigenous peoples mark them as an area of exceptional biological and cultural value.
		Here, in this portion of forest, old logging tracks were slowly being reclaimed by the forest, while the whining of chainsaws has again given way to the whirling of woodpeckers through the upper canopy.
		We also passed through remnants of the Cardamoms’ dark past, when we wandered through a derelict village forcibly abandoned by the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s; open sites in the forest where houses had once stood, and the eerie skeletal remains of an old wat surrounded by re-growth forest, were all that remained.
	www.cambodianscene.com /index.php?target=article&title=cardamomtrail (1550 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Cardamom Mountains rain forests (IM0106)
		Sitting astride the Cardamom Mountains and the Elephant Range in southwestern Cambodia and southeastern Thailand, and separated from other rain forests by the vast, dry Khorat Plateau, this ecoregion is relatively isolated and largely unexplored.
		The Cardamom Mountains are very wet÷rising more than 5,000 feet (1,500 m) to intercept and extract the moisture from monsoon winds.
		The forests of this unpopulated ecoregion are relatively intact, with a third of the area officially designated as protected.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0106.html (443 words)

	Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests are common in several terrestrial ecozones, including parts of the Afrotropic (equatorial Africa), Indomalaya (parts of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia), the Neotropic (northern South America and Central America), Australasia (eastern Indonesia, New Guinea, and northern Australia), and Oceania (the Tropical islands of the Pacific Ocean).
		Mount Cameroon and Bioko montane forests (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea)
		Cayos Miskitos-San Andrés and Providencia moist forests (Colombia, Nicaragua)
	tropical-and-subtropical-moist-broadleaf-forests.iqnaut.net (713 words)

	WWF - Cardamom Mountains Moist Forests - A Global Ecoregion
		The forests of the Elephant and Cardamom Mountains, especially the rainforests on the western slopes, are mostly intact in Vietnam, although the small area that extends into Thailand is not.
		The forests support a number of endangered species such as the Pileated gibbon (Hylobates pileatus), Tiger (Panthera tigris), and Asian elephant (Elephas maximus).
		Species are risk as well, for example, Pileated gibbon populations are declining due the rapid destruction of their forest habitats.
	www.panda.org /about_wwf/where_we_work/ecoregions/cardamom_moist_forests.cfm (285 words)

	Cambodia's Protected Areas
		Within its borders is the majority of the Lower Mekong Dry Forests Ecoregion – identified by WWF as one of the “Global 200 Ecoregions” - the most biologically outstanding terrestrial and aquatic habitats in the world.
		The streams from the mountains of Virachey National Park contribute significantly to the flow of the Mekong river.
		Although Cambodia’s forests and coastal areas are some of the least disturbed in the region, nearly half of the 70 species of terrestrial mammals recorded for Cambodia have been listed by IUCN as globally threatened, near-threatened or data deficient.
	www.bpamp.org.kh /Main/bpamp_protect.htm (370 words)

	WWF - Asian Elephant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Although many thousands of domesticated Asian elephants are found in Southeast Asia, this magnificent animal is threatened by extinction in the wild: in the face of rapidly growing human populations, the Asian elephant's habitat is shrinking fast.
		The skin colour of Asian elephants is dark grey to brown, with patches of pink on the forehead, the ears, the base of the trunk and chest.
		When grasses are too short to be picked up with its trunk, the elephant scrapes the ground with its forefeet until a loose pile of grasses is formed, then sweeps the pile into its mouth with its trunk.
	ld.panda.org /news_facts/education/high_school/species/herbivores/asian_elephant/index.cfm (482 words)

	Ask Us A Question (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Guinean moist forests (Benin, CÃ´te dâIvoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Togo)
		Congolian coastal forests (Angola, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria, SÃ£o TomÃ© and PrÃncipe, Republic of Congo)
		Western Congo basin moist forests (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Republic of Congo)
	www.avoo.com /wiki/List_of_ecoregions (1284 words)

	Equal Earth - Paintings - Indo-Malayan
		Despite the presence of several protected areas, scientists believe that the entire lowland forest of Borneo may be gone by 2010 unless drastic action is taken.
		Hundreds of orangutans that fled into villages to escape the fire were killed by villagers for food, and their orphaned babies were sold to the international pet trade.
		Construction of a new gas pipeline, roads, and housing are further destroying stands of native forest.
	www.equalearth.org /indo-malayan1.htm (890 words)

	South India Bird Watching, Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary, Wildlife in Kerala, Wildlife in South India, South India Tours ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Of primary birding interest is the southern part of the Western Ghats and its forests, the center of distribution for 20 of India's endemic species and another 15 shared with Sri Lanka.
		The park is characterized by moist mixed-deciduous forest in its northern and western fringes, dry thorn forest in the east and dry deciduous in the southeast.
		Nilgiris or The Blue Mountains are among the highest in South India and are home to some restricted endemic species like Nilgiri Wood Pigeon, Nilgiri Laughing Thrush, Nilgiri Flycatcher and White-bellied Shortwing, which inhabit the evergreen sholas.
	www.wildworldindia.com /html/activities/birds_south.htm (994 words)

	Brujula.Net - Your Latin Stating Point (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests are found in a belt around the equator and in the humid subtropics, and are characterized by warm, humid climates with high year-round rainfall.
		Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests are common in several terrestrial
		Northern New Guinea lowland rain and freshwater swamp forests (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea)
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Tropical_and_subtropical_moist_broadleaf_forests.html (308 words)

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