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Topic: Cardiac glycoside

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	Pharmaceutical preparation comprising a cardiac glycoside with a polymer coating - Patent 4263273 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		An object of the invention is to provide a pharmaceutical preparation in which a cardiac glycoside comprised therein is protected against substantial decomposition in the acid environment of the stomach of a mammal including man, without loss of bioavailability on release and intestinal absorbtion.
		Digitalis glycosides or cardiac glycosides constitute a class of drugs among which are a few of the oldest drugs in current use.
		The term "cardiac glycosides" as used herein includes therapeutically effective naturally occurring digitalis glycosides and similar compounds of different origin including compounds preparable as semisynthetic derivatives of naturally occurring compounds, irrespective of the manner of obtention thereof.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4263273.html (3179 words)

	Cardiac Glycosides
		Cardiac failure can be described as the inability of the heart to pump blood effectively at a rate that meets the needs of the metabolizing tissues.
		The cardiac glycosides are an important class of naturally occurring drugs whose actions include both beneficial and toxic effects on the heart.
		Cardiac steroids are widely used in the modern treatment of congestive heart failure and for treatment of atrial fibrillation and flutter.
	www.people.vcu.edu /~urdesai/car.htm (1190 words)

	Enhancement of radiotherapy by an exogenous cardiac glycoside patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Ouabain, a cardiac glycoside endogeneous to the body, was reported to enhance in vitro radiosensitivity of A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells but was ineffective in modifying the radioresponse of normal human lung fibroblasts (Lawrence, Int.
		The cardiac glycosides were shown to have a prophylactic activity through preventing the development of neoplasia or cancer in individuals identified as having a high risk of developing these conditions.
		The exogenous cardiac glycoside denotes the cardiac glycoside that is produced or originated from outside the body, such as the body of a patient.
	www.freshpatents.com /Enhancement-of-radiotherapy-by-an-exogenous-cardiac-glycoside-dt20050526ptan20050112059.php?type=description (2987 words)

	Cardiac glycoside - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cardiac glycosides are drugs used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia.
		These glycosides are found as secondary metabolites in several plants, but also in some animals.
		Cardiac output is restored but atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter are not abolished.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cardiac_glycoside (162 words)

	Glycoside - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many plants store important chemicals in the form of inactive glycosides; if these chemicals are needed, the glycosides are brought in contact with water and an enzyme, and the sugar part is broken off, making the chemical available for use.
		Fischer glycosidation refers to the synthesis of glycosides by the reaction of unprotected monosaccharides with alcohols (usually as solvent) in the presence of a strong acid catalyst.
		Cyanogenic glycosides can be found in the fruits (and wilting leaves) of the rose family (including cherries, apples, plums, almonds, peaches, apricots, rasberries, and crabapples).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glycoside (859 words)

	eMedicine - Plant Poisoning, Glycosides - Cardiac : Article by Raffi Kapitanyan, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Background: Cardiac glycosides are found in a diverse group of plants including Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lanata (foxgloves), Nerium oleander (common oleander), Thevetia peruviana (yellow oleander), Convallaria majalis (lily of the valley), Urginea maritima and Urginea indica (squill), Strophanthus gratus (ouabain), Apocynum cannabimum (dogbane), and Cheiranthus cheiri (wallflower).
		Cardiac glycoside exposure from plants accounts for only 1.0% of plant exposures and 0.1% of exposures in the 2003 report.
		Cardiac symptoms are similar in both acute and chronic toxicity and include palpitations, chest pressure or shortness of breath, lightheadedness, dizziness, and faintness.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic439.htm (4891 words)

	Islamset-Medicinal Plants - Preliminary Chemical and Pharmacological Study of Astragalus Spinosus (Muschl) Grown in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The glycoside was shown to possess postive intropic propeties as demonstrated from its effect on the isolated mammalian heart and rabbit atria.
		The glycoside is suggested to possess a positive inotropic effect on the heart as shown frim its effect on the isolated mammalian heart.
		High concentrations of substances with cardiac glycoside like activity are known to impair the cardiacc contractibility, produce contracture in isolated hearts, the heart rate may be reduced and arrhythmias are likely to occur and finally the heart functionally arrested (Klaus, 1966 19.
	www.islamset.com /sc/plants/muschl.html (1515 words)

	CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES, ANTIARRHYTHICS AND DRUGS
		Cardiac glycosides – compounds containing steroid nucleus, lactone ring, and polysaccharide chains, are found in several plants.
		Now the most commonly prescribed cardiac glycoside is Digoxin because of its convenient pharmacokinetics, routes of administration and availability of measurement in serum.
		All cardiac glycosides are highly selective inhibitors of the active transport of Na and K across cell membranes, by binding to specific site of Na-K-ATPase, the enzymatic equivalent of the cellular Na-“pump”.
	cardrugs.blogspot.com (2466 words)

	eMedicine - Plant Poisoning, Glycosides - Cardiac : Article Excerpt by: Raffi Kapitanyan, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Toxicity from herbal cardiac glycosides was well recognized by 1785, when William Withering published his classic work describing therapeutic uses and toxicity of foxglove, D purpurea.
		Therapeutic use of herbal cardiac glycosides continues to be a source of toxicity today.
		Cardiac glycosides have been also found in Asian herbal products and have been a source of human toxicity.
	emedicine.com /emerg/byname/plant-poisoning-glycosides---cardiac.htm (639 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Dostanic, Ivan
		The α subunit is also a pharmacological target for cardiac glycosides, that inhibit Na,K-ATPase activity and are used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
		As cardiac output and vascular resistance regulate normal blood pressure, the physiological role of the α2 isoform in the regulation of blood pressure was analyzed.
		However, endogenous cardiac glycosides occur at very low levels at rest and are elevated during a number of conditions, such as hypertension and congestive heart failure.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?ucin1100887954 (1018 words)

	UpToDate Digitalis (cardiac glycoside) intoxication
		Cardiac glycoside toxicity can also result from ingestion of certain plants, including yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) and foxglove (Digitalis purpurea), and a similar toxidrome has been associated with use of herbal dietary supplements [5-9].
		Cardiac glycoside toxicity can occur in a patient with any condition that either increases total body levels, or modifies cardiac sensitivity to the drug.
		Included in this group are advanced age, certain cardiac diseases (active ischemia, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, cor pulmonale) and a variety of metabolic factors (including hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypoxemia, hypernatremia, hypercalcemia, and acid-base disturbances) [3,10,11].
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=ad_tox/7096&title=Dialysis (447 words)

	Acute yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) poisoning: cardiac arrhythmias, electrolyte disturbances, and serum cardiac ...
		Acute yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) poisoning: cardiac arrhythmias, electrolyte disturbances, and serum cardiac glycoside concentrations on presentation to hospital -- Eddleston et al.
		The cardiac rhythms of these patients on admission are given in table 1.
		Hyperkalaemia exacerbates cardiac glycoside induced cardiac arrhythmias and is a marker of a poor outcome in cardiac glycoside
	heart.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/83/3/301 (2781 words)

	CardiacGlycosides
		Cardiac Glycosides are antiarrhythmic agents used to control cardiac efficiency in the treatment of Congestive Heart Failure and also to slow the ventricular rate in other arrhythmic disorders.
		It is recommended that the dentist consult with the patient's physician prior to treatment due to the complicated pharmacological treatment of this disease.
		Both bradycardia and tachycardia are classified as cardiac arrythmias.
	www2.musc.edu /dentistry/top40/lecture_pages/cardiacglycosides.htm (421 words)

	Effects of Cardiac Glycosides on Atrial Contractile Dysfunction After Short-term Atrial Fibrillation -- Friedman et al. ...
		cardiac glycoside, acetylstrophanthidin (AS), on AF and AF-induced
		Mendez, R, Mendez, C (1953) The action of cardiac glycosides on the refractory periods of heart tissues.
		Koch-Weser, J, Blinks, JR (1962) Analysis of the relation of the positive inotropic action of cardiac glycosides to the frequency of contraction of heart muscle.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/118/4/1116 (4744 words)

	Edetate Disodium (64:00) - 382250
		Edetate disodium may be used in selected patients for the emergency treatment of hypercalcemia or for the control of ventricular arrhythmias associated with cardiac glycoside toxicity.
		The chief advantage of edetate disodium in controlling ventricular arrhythmias caused by cardiac glycoside intoxication is its rapid onset of action; however, the effect of the drug is transitory and other definitive treatment must be undertaken quickly.
		In the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias associated with cardiac glycoside intoxication in adults and children†, a dosage schedule for edetate disodium of 15 mg/kg per hour with a maximum of 60 mg/kg daily administered by IV infusion in 5% dextrose injection has been suggested.
	www.ashp.org /ahfs/d_agents/a382250.cfm (2229 words)

	Digoxin injection / tablets - Product information :
		Acting as a cardiac tonic digoxin increases the force and speed of systolic contraction of the myocardium, reduces heart rate and reduces conduction velocity through the AV node.
		Clinically the actions of digoxin are reflected in increased cardiac output and improvement in symoptoms of congestive failure.
		Digoxin is distributed to most body tissues and high concentration is found in cardiac tissue.
	www.sgpharma.com /company/products/digoxin.htm (305 words)

	herbal safety - Herbalism Forum - GardenWeb
		Cardiac glycosides slow the heart and strengthen the heartbeat.
		On the other hand cardiac glycosides can create a serious drop in blood pressure leading to a stroke or stoppage of the heart.
		Digitalis, from the foxglove plant, is a common cardiac glycoside used in the treatment of some forms of heart disease.
	forums2.gardenweb.com /forums/load/herbal/msg0123293413920.html (4704 words)

	The {alpha}2 Isoform of Na,K-ATPase Mediates Ouabain-induced Cardiac Inotropy in Mice -- Dostanic et al. 278 (52): ...
		1 isoform in regulation of cardiac contractility (20).
		to confer cardiac glycoside insensitivity of the rodent
		ouabain increase the cardiac contractility by inhibiting the
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/52/53026 (4439 words)

	Poison Guide
		If your household plants include any of those in the Araceae family, be aware of the potential for toxicity and preferably keep the plants away from the pet or switch to safer house plants.
		Cardiac glycoside drugs derived from one of these plants, digitalis (foxglove), have been used for many years in the treatment of heart disease in people and animals.
		Due to their actions on the heart, however, ingestion of plants containing glycosides can be fatal.
	www.easthillanimalhospital.com /poison_guide.htm (4663 words)

	Writing a Scientific Paper
		The Na+/K+-ATPase is generally responsible for alkali cation transport in animal cells (Skou, 1957) and is inhibited by ouabain and similar cardiac glycosides (Glynn, 1957).
		Considering the refractory nature of D. plexippus to cardiac glycosides, it is not unexpected (Jungreis and Vaughan, 1977) that Na+/K+-ATPase from this organism would have a low affinity for ouabain and thus the low sensitivity noted in Fig.
		The so-called physiological burden (Brower and Glazier, 1975) of cardiac glycoside ingestion in the Monarch butterfly had been considered to be a function of the cost of metabolizing and storing the cardiac glycoside with little regard for the possibility that the insect itself may possess cardiac glycoside-sensitive moieties.
	bioweb.wku.edu /faculty/Crawford/scipaper.htm (2331 words)

	Cardiac glycosides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Cardiac glycosides are divided into two main types:
		The primary cardiac glycoside present in Helleborus is the bufadienole, hellebrin.
		Hellebrigenin, the aglycone of hellebrin is more potent than the glycoside itself.
	www.ansci.cornell.edu /plants/toxicagents/cardiacglyco.html (269 words)

	Cardiac Glycosides - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		The most probable mechanism of action for the inotropic effect of digitalis is inhibition of the membrane-bound Na -ATPase pump; when this occurs, Na increases in the cell, the exchange of Na for Ca is augmented, and calcium influx is increased.
		The likelihood and severity of toxicity are related to the severity of cardiac disease.
		Digoxin is the cardiac glycoside more commonly used except in animals with renal disease, in which digitoxin is preferred.
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/190203.htm (732 words)

	Congestive Heart Failure
		It is virtually impossible to predict the precise response of a patient to a given intervention.
		Cardiac glycosides are definitely indicated for control of tachycardia associated with congestive heart failure.
		Cardiac glycoside therapy is inherently risky and difficult.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8784/chf.htm (605 words)

	Modulation of Cytokine Production and Protection Against Lethal Endotoxemia by the Cardiac Glycoside Ouabain -- ...
		effect of a cardiac glycoside on the myocardium is due to the
		Effects of cytokines on the contractility of cultured cardiac myocytes.
		The lethal effects of cytokine-induced nitric oxide on cardiac myocytes are blocked by nitric oxide synthase antagonism or transforming growth factor ß.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/96/5/1501 (3016 words)

	Digoxin For Veterinary Use
		Digoxin and the other digitalis glycosides have direct effects on cardiac muscle and affect the electrical conduction in the heart.
		Digoxin increases cardiac output by increasing myocardial contractility.
		With the advent of newer cardiac medications, some veterinary cardiologists are less likely to use digoxin as a first line drug.
	www.wedgewoodpharmacy.com /monographs/Digoxin.asp (1037 words)

	From The Cover: The highly conserved cardiac glycoside binding site of Na,K-ATPase plays a role in blood pressure ...
		to cardiac glycosides, was made resistant to these compounds.
		(A) SBP in WT mice and cardiac glycoside-resistant
		1 isoform is sensitive to cardiac glycosides (28, 29).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/102/44/15845 (3626 words)

	cardiac - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Catheterization, Cardiac, insertion of a tube into the blood vessels or heart to measure pressure and flow or to clear blood vessels of obstruction.
		Pacemaker, electronic device implanted in the chest to regulate the heartbeat in patients with abnormally slow heart rates (bradycardias) or...
		Catheterization, Cardiac : pictures related to cardiac catheterization
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=cardiac (120 words)

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